Brahmin da Mongoose

Brahmin da Mongoose
tatsuniya
Bayanai
Bangare na	Aparīkṣitakārakaṃ (en) , Hitopadeśa (en) da Kathasaritsagara (en)
Manifestation of (en)	The Innocent Dog (en)
Narrative motif (en)	woman slays faithful mongoose which has saved her child (en)
Aarne–Thompson–Uther Tale Type Index (en)	178A

Brahmin da Mongoose (ko Matar Brahmin da Mongoose ) tatsuniya ce daga Indiya, kuma "ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi mafi tafiye-tafiye a duniya". Ya kwatanta kisan gilla na dabba mai aminci, don haka ya yi gargaɗi game da daukar matakin gaggawa. Labarin yana ƙarƙashin wasu tatsuniyoyi a Yamma, kamar na Llywelyn da karensa Gelert a Wales, ko na Saint Guinefort a Faransa. An rarraba shi azaman nau'in Aarne-Thompson 178A.

Labarin

Matar da labarin Panchatantra na Mongoose an zana su a cikin gidajen ibada na Hindu masu tarihi kamar a haikalin Virupaksha na karni na 8 a Pattadakal (tsakiyar kwamitin).

Sigar asali daga Panchatantra a Sanskrit tana tafiya kamar haka (fassara daga Ryder 1925 ):

The Loyal Mongoose

There was once a Brahman named Godly [orig. Devasharma] in a certain town. His wife mothered a single son and a mongoose. And as she loved little ones, she cared for the mongoose also like a son, giving him milk from her breast, and salves, and baths, and so on. But she did not trust him, for she thought: "A mongoose is a nasty kind of creature. He might hurt my boy." [...]
One day she tucked her son in bed, took a waterjar, and said to her husband: "Now, Professor, I am going for water. You must protect the boy from the mongoose." But when she was gone, the Brahman went off somewhere himself to beg food, leaving the house empty.
While he was gone, a black snake issued from his hole and, as fate would have it, crawled toward the baby’s cradle. But the mongoose, feeling him to be a natural enemy, and fearing for the life of his baby brother, fell upon the vicious serpent halfway, joined battle with him, tore him to bits, and tossed the pieces far and wide. Then, delighted with his own heroism, he ran, blood trickling from his mouth, to meet the mother; for he wished to show what he had done.
But when the mother saw him coming, saw his bloody mouth and his excitement, she feared that the villain must have eaten her baby boy, and without thinking twice, she angrily dropped the water-jar upon him, which killed him the moment that it struck. There she left him without a second thought, and hurried home, where she found the baby safe and sound, and near the cradle a great black snake, torn to bits. Then, overwhelmed with sorrow because she had thoughtlessly killed her benefactor, her son, she beat her head and breast.

At this moment the Brahman came home with a dish of rice gruel which he had got from someone in his begging tour, and saw his wife bitterly lamenting her son, the mongoose. "Greedy! Greedy!" she cried. "Because you did not do as I told you, you must now taste the bitterness of a son’s death, the fruit of the tree of your own wickedness. Yes, this is what happens to those blinded by greed...."

A cikin bambance-bambancen yammacin labarin, sauran dabbobi suna maye gurbin Mongoose, galibi kare. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin wasu nau'ikan a matsayin weasel, cat (a Farisa), bear, ko zaki, kuma a wasu lokuta ana maye gurbin maciji da kerkeci (a Wales). Asalin labarin, duk da haka, yana nan. Hakazalika, bambance-bambancen labarin wani lokaci suna da mutum, maimakon matarsa, yana kashe dabbar aminci.

Wani lokaci ana sanya labarin a cikin tatsuniyar labari, inda mai ceto ya tsaya bisa kuskure kuma ya ba da labarin wannan labari, ta haka ya hana kansa mutuwa.

Asalin da tafiya

An fara nazarin labarin a cikin 1859 ta Theodor Benfey, majagaba na adabin kwatancen, lokacin da ya kwatanta nau'ikan a Indiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai. A cikin 1884, WA Clouston ya nuna yadda ya isa Wales.

Gelert na Charles Burton Barber (1845-1894)

Murray B. Emeneau yayi la'akari da ƙaura na wannan labarin, ta hanyar matakansa daga Indiya zuwa Wales, a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun lamurra na irin wannan yaɗuwar tatsuniyoyi". An rarraba shi azaman nau'in Aarne-Thompson 178A.

Labarin yana faruwa a duk nau'ikan Panchatantra, da kuma ayyukan Sanskrit na baya Hitopadesha da Kathasaritsagara . Hakanan yana faruwa a yawancin yarukan Indiya (da Kudancin Asiya) inda ya shahara sosai. Misali, a jihar Karnataka ta Kudu Indiya, labarin ya zo ne a matsayin karin magana a rubuce-rubuce, a matsayin sassaka a cikin haikali, a cikin labarun masu ba da labari da mawaƙa, da kuma a cikin fim. Hakazalika, almara na Tamil Silappatikaram yana tunawa da labarin kawai da sunansa.

Kamar sauran Panchatantra, a cikin hijirarsa zuwa yamma ya yi tafiya daga Sanskrit zuwa Larabci (kamar Kalila wa Dimna ), Farisa, Ibrananci, Girkanci, Latin, Tsohon Faransanci, kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa duk manyan harsunan Turai (kamar Fables na Pilpay ko Bidpai ), kama daga Rasha zuwa Gaelic zuwa Turanci. A cikin hijirarsa ta gabas, ya bayyana cikin Sinanci (sifuna goma, gami da a sake fasalin Vinaya Pitaka), da kuma yanki mai faɗi daga Mongoliya zuwa Malaysia. Har ila yau, shi ne kawai labarin da aka samu a duk recensions na Panchatantra, duk versions na "Littafin Sindibad" (ba Sindbad ), da kuma duk versions na " The Seven Sages na Rome ".

Hakanan ana samunsa a Mexico da Amurka. Blackburn ta lura cewa tatsuniya ba ta kasance matacciyar al'ada ba kuma har yanzu tana nan, kamar yadda wata jarida a Belgium ta ruwaito a matsayin labari game da wani mutum da ya bar ɗansa da karensa a cikin trolley ɗin sayayya a cikin motarsa.

Tushen kuma yana faruwa, tare da kyakkyawan ƙarewa, a cikin fim ɗin Disney Lady and the Tramp (1955).

liyafar da tasiri

Ana amfani da labarin sau da yawa a cikin al'ada a matsayin misali na gargaɗi game da ɗaukar gaggawa. Hakanan yana aiki azaman gajeriyar hannu don zunubi, nadama da baƙin ciki.

A cikin Welsh ya zama labarin mai martaba Llywelyn wanda ya kashe karensa mai aminci, Gelert . Daga baya an fassara shi azaman almara game da wani lamari na gaskiya, kuma akwai ƙananan wuraren bauta ga kare a Wales (kamar a ƙauyen Bedgelert, "kabari na Gelert"). A Faransa irin wannan metamorphosis ya ɗauki mafi girman rabbai, kuma labarin ya zama al'adar Saint Guinefort (kare), wanda ya shahara har zuwa 1930s.

Blackburn ta yi nuni da cewa, duk da cewa a cikin nau’o’in adabi da dama, namiji ne ke kashe biro, a mafi yawan sigar baka (da kuma na adabin da aka ambata a sama), mace ce ke yin haka.

Duba kuma

• Jock na Bushveld