Brenda Travis
 Brenda Travis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
McComb (en)  , 1945 (80/81 shekaru) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | gwagwarmaya |
Brenda Travis (an haife ta a shekara ta 1945) tsohuwar 'yar Afirka ce ta Afirka ta Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama daga McComb, Mississippi, wacce aka ɗaure ta saboda nuna rashin amincewa da tashar bas mai rarrabe da kuma shiga cikin zaman lafiya a makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1961 ya taimaka wajen haifar da ra'ayin jama'a game da rarrabewa.[1][2]
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Travis a shekara ta 1945 a McComb . Ita ce ta huɗu a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai na iyayenta. Mahaifinta, L.S. Travis, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga Moon Mullen . Duk da cewa mahaifiyarta ta kasance a cikin ciki, Mullen ta bukaci mahaifinta ya je ya nemi mahaifiyarta don taimakawa a cikin gonaki. Mahaifinta ya ki kuma Mullen ya tafi don samun bindiga don kashe mahaifinta. Ya gudu, ya sami mahaifiyarta, kuma ya gudu zuwa McComb inda aka haife ta jim kadan bayan haka.[3] Travis ta yi imanin cewa labarin haihuwarta yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake nuna cewa ta yi gwagwarmaya a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama koyaushe an ƙaddara ta, har ma daga cikin mahaifa. "[4]
An tilasta wa Travis yin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama saboda rashin adalci da ta gani ya bayyana a kusa da ita tun tana ƙarama. A shekara goma tana kallon sheriffs shiga gidanta don kama dan uwanta mai shekaru 13 a tsakiyar dare. Wannan ya kasance a cikin 1955, shekarar da aka kashe Emmett Till. A wata hira a shekara ta 2007, Travis ta ce bayan kama ɗan'uwanta da ganin hotunan jikin Till, "Na yi fushi kuma na san cewa wata rana dole ne in tsaya".[5][2]
Makarantar Sakandare ta Burglund ta fita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, Travis ta gano cewa an kore ta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Burglund saboda gwagwarmayarta. Ta yi ƙoƙari ta sake yin rajista kuma an hana ta ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1961. Labarai sun bazu a cikin dakunan dakuna da sauri kuma Travis, tare da dalibai sama da 100, sun fita don nuna rashin amincewa.[6][7]
Dalibai sun yi tafiya zuwa zauren gari suna raira waƙa "Za mu shawo kan". Da zarar sun isa, sai suka durƙusa a kan matakala suka yi addu'a. 'Yan sanda sun yi wa dalibai da yawa duka kuma sun kama su saboda shiga. Dalibai sun ci gaba da zanga-zanga ta hanyar ƙin komawa makaranta har sai an yarda Travis ya sake yin rajista. A sakamakon haka, an kore su ma. Tsofaffi 16 da suka halarci ba su iya kammala karatun ba.[5][7][8]
Sakamakon Travis na shiga cikin fita ya fi tsanani. An kama ta a karo na biyu. An hana Travis shari'a kuma an yanke masa hukuncin da ba a tantance shi ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, jami'ai sun gaya wa Travis cewa suna dauke da ita don ganin lauyanta. Maimakon haka, sun tura ta zuwa Makarantar Horar da Oakley, cibiyar tsare yara kusa da Raymond. Ba a sanar da lauyanta ko mahaifiyarta inda aka tura ta ba.[5][7]
Fitarwa daga Mississippi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Afrilu 21, 1962, watanni shida da rabi bayan an tura ta zuwa Oakley, farfesa daga Kwalejin Talladega ta sadu da Gwamnan Mississippi Ross Barnett . Gwamnan ya amince da sakin Travis a hannun sa, idan ta amince da barin Mississippi cikin awanni 24. Travis yana nufin wannan a matsayin "Fisara daga Mississippi". [2] [9] [5]
Rayuwa bayan an sake ta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an sake ta, farfesa ta zama mai cin zarafi kuma dole ne ta sake guduwa. Jim Forman, Babban Darakta na SNCC, ya taimaka mata ta gudu. Ya biya tikitin bas dinta kuma ta kwashe sauran lokacin rani tare da shi da matarsa a Atlanta.[2][1][5]
Tare da goyon baya daga wasu masu gwagwarmaya kamar Ella Baker da James Bond, Travis ya sami damar samun ilimi. Ta koma North Haven, Connecticut, don kammala makarantar sakandare. A shekara ta 1966, ta koma California kuma ta halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Tony Taylor . [5]
A cikin 2013, Travis ya kafa Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Tarihi ta Brenda Travis don koyar da tarihi da ƙarfafa jagorancin matasa da damar ci gaban al'umma a McComb.[5]
Ayyukan da aka buga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Yarinyar da aka yi wa gudun hijira ta Mississippi: Yadda Baftisma ta 'Yancin Bil'adama a karkashin Wuta ta Sifanta Rayuwata (2018)
Daraja, kayan ado, kyaututtuka da bambanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Brenda Travis Street a McComb an sanya mata suna.[10]
- An nuna Travis a cikin nune-nunen a Gidan Tarihin 'Yancin Bil'adama na Mississippi . [11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Brenda Travis". Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Digital Gateway. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Peacock, Wazir. "Oral History/Interview: Brenda Travis". Civil Rights Movement Archive. Tougaloo College. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Peacock, Wazir. "Oral History/Interview: Brenda Travis". Civil Rights Movement Archive. Tougaloo College. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ↑ "Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- Brenda Travis". www.crmvet.org. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Ownby, Ted (July 11, 2017). "Brenda Travis". Mississippi Encyclopedia (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-09-18. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Oct. 4, 1961: Burglund High School Walkout". Zinn Education Project (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-05-08.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Burglund High School students walkout". SNCC Digital Gateway (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-05-08. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Collier, Natalie A. "Better Late Than Never". www.jacksonfreepress.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-05-09.
- ↑ "'Mississippi's Exiled Daughter' Recalls Civil Rights Push". www.jacksonfreepress.com (in Turanci). Associated Press. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
- ↑ mmorris (2018-08-17). "Movement Veteran Brenda Travis to Speak on Memoir". mcrm.mdah.ms.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-05-07.
- ↑ "McComb native's book tells story of teen's struggle for civil rights, banishment from state". Hattiesburg American (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-05-07.