Breonadia
| Breonadia | |
|---|---|
_(14051121753).jpg) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Order | Gentianales (mul)  |
| Dangi | Rubiaceae (mul)
|
genus (en)  | Breonadia Ridsdale, 1975
|
Breonadia wani nau'i ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin dangin Rubiaceae . Colin Ernest Ridsdale ne ya bayyana hakan a cikin 1975. [1] Halin ya ƙunshi nau'i ɗaya kawai, wato. Breonadia salicina, wanda ake samu a wurare masu zafi da kudancin Afirka daga Mali da Benin gabas zuwa Habasha, kudu zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, da Yemen, Saudi Arabia da Madagascar . [2]
Breonadia salicina (Matumi, Afrikaans: Mingerhout, Sotho: Mohlomê, Venda: Mutu-lume, Zulu: Umfomfo) is a protected tree in South Africa.[3]
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Breonadia salicina itace mai matsakaici zuwa babba. Shafuka suna faruwa a madadin ko a cikin juzu'i na 3 zuwa 5. Siffar ganye gabaɗaya lanceolate ne kuma gefen ganye gaba ɗaya ne. Suna da fata zuwa taɓawa kuma yawanci launin kore mai duhu tare da rawaya a tsakiya, wanda aka ɗaga dan kadan.[4] 'Ya'yan itace capsule ne kuma suna taruwa a cikin ƙananan spheres.[4] Bishiyoyi suna da monoecious tare da furanni da ke da ƙananan launin rawaya.[5] Ana samun itacen gabaɗaya a cikin yanayin zafi zuwa yanayin zafi, galibi a cikin ƙananan jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Saudi Arabia har ma da Madagascar. Ana iya samunsa a yankuna har zuwa mita 2,000 sama da matakin teku. Yawanci suna zaune a bakin kogi ko a cikin ruwan rafi.[5]
Ana amfani da wannan nau'in sau da yawa a cikin maganin gargajiya. Sau da yawa ana iya amfani da dukkan shuka don magance cututtuka kamar arthritis da cututtuka irin su zawo. A cikin gwaji ɗaya, abubuwan da aka cire na Breonadia salicina sun taimaka wajen hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da guba ta abinci.[6]
Bambancin kwayoyin halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin yawan B. salicina a Saudi Arabia, bambancin kwayar halitta ya kasance ƙasa a cikin mutane na yawan jama'a guda ɗaya, amma yana da yawa tsakanin mutane daga wasu al'ummomi. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin B. salicina sun bambanta da juna, amma ƙananan bambancin ƙwayoyin halitta suna cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Yawan jama'a suna da nisa sosai (nau'in suna cikin haɗari) wanda zai haifar da yawan bambancin tsakanin jama'a. Har ila yau, yawan jama'a suna da ƙananan girma kuma za su iya shafar su ta hanyar kwayar halitta.[5] Itacen wurare masu zafi dole ne su magance abubuwan muhalli kamar su sare daji da katako.[7] An yi amfani da B. salicina a matsayin tushen itace da aka yi amfani da shi don gina gidaje da abubuwa.
Halayen jiki, kamar diamita da yawa na tasoshin xylem, saboda kwayar halitta ce ta shuka, amma kuma abubuwa da yawa na muhalli (don wannan gwaji ruwan sama ne). [8]
Amfani da magani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da Breonadia salicina a cikin maganin gargajiya na Afirka. Yawanci mutane suna amfani da bark don yaki da zawo da sauran matsalolin ciki / narkewar abinci amma kuma suna amfani da wasu sassan shuka don amfani daban-daban. An gano kwayar B. salicina tana da wadataccen tannins. Tannins sune polyphenols waɗanda aka samo don taimakawa tare da rage ci gaban E. coli a cikin hanyoyin narkewa.[9] An kuma gano abubuwan da aka cire na B. salicina don rage aikin kwayoyin gram-negative da gram-positive.[10] An yi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan kaddarorin rigakafin kwayar cuta na B. salicina don adana abinci.[10]
Hakanan an ware mahadi masu yuwuwa a cikin B. salicina . [11] An gano irin wannan mahadi na rigakafin fungus a cikin B. salicina don nuna aiki wajen kare orange daga kamuwa da cuta.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ridsdale, CE (1975). "A revision of the tribe Cephalantheae (Rubiaceae)". Blumea. 22: 549.
- ↑ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-08-01.
- ↑ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-05.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hyde, Mark; Wursten, Bart; Ballings, Petra; Coates Palgrave, Meg. "Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & J. R. I. Wood". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gaafar, Abdel-Rhman; Al-Qurainy, Fahad; Khan, Salim (3 October 2014). "Assessment of genetic diversity in the endangered populations of Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) growing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using inter-simple sequence repeat markers". BMC Genetics. 15 (109): 109. doi:10.1186/s12863-014-0109-4. PMC 4192337. PMID 25277598. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "diversity" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Al-Qurainy, F; Abdel-Rhman, Gaafar; Khan, S; Nadeem, M; Tarroum, M; Alaklabi, A; Thomas, J (29 August 2013). "Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae), an endangered medicinal plant of Saudi Arabia". Genetics and Molecular Research. 12 (3): 3212–3219. doi:10.4238/2013.august.29.5. PMID 24065664.
- ↑ Ouinsavi, Christine (2009). "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Threatened African Tree Species, Milicia excelsa, Using Nuclear Microsatellites DNA Markers". International Journal of Forestry Research. 2009: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2009/210179.
- ↑ Norstom, Elin; Holmgren, Karin; Morth, Carl-Magnus (20 April 2005). "Rainfall-driven variations in 13C composition and wood anatomy of Breonadia salicina from South Africa between AD 1375 and 1995" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 101 (March/April 2005): 162–168. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ↑ Min, Byeng R. (March 2007). "Effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and in vivo growth of generic Escherichia coli excreted from steers". Journal of Food Protection. 3.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Al-Qurainy, F; Abdel-Rhman, Gaafar; Khan, S; Nadeem, M; Tarroum, M; Alaklabi, A; Thomas, J (29 August 2013). "Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae), an endangered medicinal plant of Saudi Arabia". Genetics and Molecular Research. 12 (3): 3212–3219. doi:10.4238/2013.august.29.5. PMID 24065664.
- ↑ Mahlo, Salome (December 2010). "Antifungal activity of leaf extracts from South African trees against plant pathogens" (PDF). Crop Protection. 29 (12): 1529–1533. Bibcode:2010CrPro..29.1529M. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.08.015.
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