British capture of Senegal

British capture of Senegal

16°02′N 16°30′W
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Seven Years' War (en)
Kwanan watan	1758
Wuri	Saint-Louis (en)
Participant (en)	Kingdom of Great Britain (en)

An kama ƙasar Senegal a shekarar 1758 a lokacin yakin shekaru bakwai da ƙasar Faransa ta yi, a wani ɓangare na haɗakar da Birtaniyya ta yi na raunana tattalin arzikin Faransa ta hanyar lalata kasuwancinta na ƙasa da ƙasa. A ƙarshen wannan, jerin ƙananan jiragen soja na Birtaniya sun sauka a Senegal kuma suka kama Gorée da Fort Saint Louis, sansanin bayi na Faransa da ke Saint-Louis, suna kwace jiragen ruwa da kayayyaki na Faransa. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1758 turawan mulkin mallaka na ƙasar Faransa sun kwace gaba ɗayanta a gabar tekun Senegal, tare da gudanar da al'amuran gudanarwa ta farko (kuma kawai) Gwamnan Burtaniya na Senegal, Laftanar Kanar Richard Worge.

Fage

Wani Ba’amurke ɗan kasuwa Thomas Cumming ne ya tsara shirin wanda a baya ya ziyarci Afirka ta Yamma, kuma ya yi la’akari da yuwuwar balaguron Biritaniya. An gina shirin ne a kusa da yadda Birtaniyya ke ci gaba da mamaye Tekun Tekun wanda ya rage karfin tekun Faransa sosai. Sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya ƙarƙashin Kyaftin Henry Marsh za su tashi daga Ingila su nufi gabar tekun Afirka ta Yamma, inda za su yi ƙasa a gwiwa a bakin kogin Senegal. Daga nan za su kama sansanin Faransa a Saint-Louis. Cumming ya yi shirin samar da goyon baya daga sojojin Afirka na gida, waɗanda za su yi fatali da Birtaniya su kai wa Faransa hari.

Mazaunan Faransa a Senegal ba su da ƙima mai mahimmanci, amma suna da mahimmanci ga cinikin bayi na Faransa a duniya. Har ila yau, sun kasance gida ga masana'antu mai mahimmanci a cikin danko na halitta. Babban abin balaguron shine don lalata tattalin arzikin Faransa ta hanyar yanke hanyoyin shiga waɗannan masana'antu. Irin wannan balaguro wani ɓangare ne na dabarun da Sakataren Kudu William Pitt ya yi na lalata karfin Faransa na ci gaba da yakin ta hanyar kwashe mata kuɗaɗe.

Balaguro

Mazaunan Saint-Louis a cikin 1780

Dakaru dari biyu da jiragen yakin yaki biyu ne zasu shiga cikin wannan balaguron. Sojojin sun tashi daga Plymouth a farkon 1758, kuma bayan takaitacciyar tasha don kawo kayayyaki a Tenerife, sun isa gaɓar yammacin Afirka a watan Afrilu. Cumming ya tafi bakin teku don samun tallafi a tsakanin mazauna yankin, kuma sun kaddamar da shingen shingen katanga na ƙasa. Marsh sai ya ajiye sojojinsa a bakin teku. Isowar sojojin Burtaniya ba zato ba tsammani ya mamaye sansanin kwata-kwata. A ranar 1 ga watan Mayu, Faransawa sun miƙa wuya ga sansanin, kuma 'yan kasuwa mazaunan sun yi mubaya'a ga Birtaniya. Babu ɗan Biritaniya ko dtaya da aka kashe a ɗaukar matsugunin.

Jiragen ruwan Cumming sun dawo gida cike da cunkoso da kayayyakin da aka kama masu kimarsu ya kai dubunnan fam. Pitt ya yi matukar farin ciki da sauƙi da sojojin Birtaniyya suka kama Saint-Louis. Ya kuma burge shi da yawan ƴan larabci da aka dawo da su Biritaniya, domin yana samar da tushe mai rahusa ga masu saƙar siliki. A sakamakon nasarar da aka samu, an aika da ƙarin balaguro biyu a waccan shekarar, waɗanda suka kama tsibirin Gorée da tashar kasuwancin Faransa a Gambiya. Pitt ya so ya ƙaddamar da ƙarin balaguro amma ba zai iya fuskantar adawa daga Duke na Newcastle ba wanda ke tsoron korar sojojin tsibiran Burtaniya zai bar su cikin haɗari ga mamayewa.

Bayan haka

Tare da balaguro da Kanada da Indiyawan yamma da Philippines, kama Senegal ya nuna sabon isar da sojojin ruwa na Royal Navy a duniya da kuma yanayin rikice-rikicen Turai da ke ƙaruwa a duniya - a sakamakon haka masana tarihi sun sanya mata lakabin 'yaƙin duniya' na farko. Mallakar kadarorin Afirka ta Yamma ya zama babban tushen cece-kuce tsakanin Burtaniya da Faransa yayin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da ta kai ga yarjejeniyar Paris ta 1763. Tattaunawar ta ta'allaka ne kan yiwuwar dawo da wasu daga cikin sansanonin da aka kama. Biritaniya ta yi sha'awar riƙe babban yankin Senegal, amma tana son dawo da Gorée. Daga ƙarshe, Biritaniya ta kiyaye Saint-Louis da babban yankin Senegal a matsayin wani yanki na Senegambia na Burtaniya.

Birtaniya ta yi niyyar karfafa kasancewarsu a yammacin Afirka, kuma sun yi niyyar amfani da Senegal a matsayin mafari kan hakan. Don kare sabon mallakarsu, sun tayar da rundunar sojojin Afirka, wani ruƙunin sojoji na musamman a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Charles O'Hara. Faransawa ba su ji daɗi ba game da asarar wannan yanki mai daraja, kuma sun shirya sake kwace shi. A cikin shekarar 1764, Faransa ta kaddamar da kutsawa a gabar tekun Senegal daga Gorée, wanda ya fusata majalisar ministocin Birtaniya. A cikin shekarar 1779, lokacin yakin juyin juya halin Amurka, sojojin Faransa sun sauka kuma suka kwace Saint-Louis, kuma Birtaniya ta ba da Senegal gare su a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar Paris da ta kawo karshen yakin a shekarar 1783. Ikon Faransanci ya kasance mai ɗan lokaci har zuwa tashinsa na ƙarshe a 1852.

Yan ƙasashen waje

Wannan taron ya yi tasiri mai nisa ga duk waɗanda ke da hannu a rikicin. Sojojin Burtaniya sun kama sansanin bayi na Faransa da yawa a bakin tekun, waɗanda suka bautar sun zama ganima na yakin da za a raba tsakanin Jami'an Sojan Burtaniya, waɗanda bayan sun dawo gida za su yi aiki da su a matsayin bayi, ba su kyauta, ko ba da su don siyarwa.

An yi imanin Pendar, 'yar kimanin shekaru 14, tana cikin 'yan gudun hijirar Senegal da suka zo Biritaniya kai tsaye daga Afirka sakamakon wannan matakin na soja. Sunanta Swahili, ma'ana soyayya, ya kasance gama gari a yankin Senegambia na yammacin Afirka.

Ta zauna tare da Kyaftin 'Broom', a London, aƙalla har zuwa watan Maris 1761. 'Broom' ya ba da Parade, St James Park a matsayin adireshin tuntuɓar sa, wanda yanzu ake kira Horse Guards Parade, hedkwatar Sojojin Burtaniya. Wannan hakika Kyaftin Joseph Brome ne wanda ya kasance Jagora Gunner na Sojojin Burtaniya daga shekarun 1760 kuma ya kafa a cikin sabon ginin da aka kammala (1756).

A cikin watan Maris 1761 Kyaftin 'Broom' ya sanya wani talla a cikin wata jarida ta London kamar yadda Pendar ya ɓace kwana biyu, bayan an aika shi don isar da sako. Ta kasance matashiya; amsa sunan Afirka; kuma ba ya magana da turanci, duk waɗannan alamu ne na zuwanta kwanan nan kuma sun bar ta cikin rauni a kan titunan London. Harshen 'Broom' yana amfani da shi a cikin tallan da ya sanya don gwadawa don nemo Pendar, yana bayyana matakin damuwa da tausayawa wanda ya bambanta sosai da sautin sauran tallace-tallacen gudu. Kalmar 'idan an so' ta bar Pendar tare da zaɓin da ba kasafai ba - ko komawa, ko a'a.

Duba kuma

• Faransa a yakin shekaru bakwai
• Tarihin Senegal