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Brunei Malay

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Brunei Malay
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 kxd
Glottolog brun1242[1]

Brunei Malay, kuma ana kiranta Bruneian Malay ( Malay  ; Jawa :

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An nuna jerin sunayen Brunei Malay a ƙasa:

Biyuwa Alveolar Palatal Velar Gishiri
Hanci m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive / Africate
Rashin lafiya 		voiceless p t tʃ k (ʔ)
voiced b d dʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless (f) s ʃ (x) h
voiced (v) (z)
Trill r
Hanyar gefen l
Kusanci w j

Bayani:

  1. Samfuri:Note/t/ is dental in many varieties of Malay, but it is alveolar in Brunei.
  2. Samfuri:Note/k/ is velar in initial position, but it is realised as uvular [q] in coda.[2]
  3. Samfuri:NoteParenthesised sounds occur only in loanwords.
  4. All consonants can occur in word-initial position, except /h/. Therefore, Standard Malay hutan 'forest' became utan in Brunei Malay, and Standard Malay hitam 'black' became itam.
  5. All consonants can occur in word-final position, except the palatals /tʃ, dʒ, ɲ/ and voiced plosives /b, d, ɡ/. Exceptions can be found in a few borrowed words such as mac 'March' and kabab 'kebab'.
  6. Samfuri:NoteSome analysts exclude /w/ and /j/ from this table because they are 'margin high vowels', while others include /w/ but exclude /j/.[3]
Binciken sauti na wasula uku na Brunei Malay

Brunei Malay yana da tsarin sautuna uku: /i/, /a/, /u/ . Bambancin sauti a cikin fahimtar waɗannan wasula an nuna shi a cikin makircin da ke dama, bisa ga karatun ɗan gajeren rubutu ta mace ɗaya mai magana.

Amfani da harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  Brunei Malay, Kedayan, da Kampong Ayer ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin yarukan Malay. Brunei Malay ana amfani da shi ta hanyar yawan jama'ar Brunei da ke da rinjaye a siyasa, waɗanda a al'adance suke zaune a kan ruwa, yayin da Kedayan ke amfani da manoma masu zama a ƙasa, kuma mazaunan kogin arewacin babban birnin suna amfani da yaren Kampong Ayer. An kiyasta cewa kashi 94% na kalmomin Brunei Malay da Kedayan suna da alaƙa.

Coluzzi ya yi nazarin alamun titi a Bandar Seri Begawan, babban birnin Brunei Darussalam . Mai binciken ya kammala cewa ban da Sinanci, "ƙananan harsuna a Brunei ba su da ganuwa kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa fiye da iyali da ƙananan al'umma".

Kalmomin ƙamus

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Brunei Malay Malaysian Malay Ma'anar
Aku/ku Mutum na farko
Saya
Peramba Patik Mutum na farko da yake tattaunawa da memba na Royal Family
Awak Mutum na biyu
Kau
Ko
Awda Anda Daga (si) awang da (si) dayang. Ana amfani dashi kamar kalmar Malay anda .
Kamu Mutum na biyu da yawa
Ia Dia Mutum na uku
Kitani Kita Mutum na farko da yawa (ciki har da)
Kita Don a yi amfani da shi kamar kitani ko biskita
Si awang Beliau Mutum na uku na namiji
Si dayang Mace mutum na uku
Biskita Kita Don yin magana da mai sauraro mai tsufa. Hakanan mutum na farko jam'i
Cinta Tercinta Don yin magana da ƙaunatacce
Ani Ini Wannan
Atu Itu Wannan
(Di) mana? A ina (a)?
Ke mana? A ina zuwa?
Lelaki Maza (mutum)
Laki-laki
Perempuan Mata (mutum)
Bini-bini[lower-alpha 1]
Budiman Tuan/Encik Wani mutum ne
Kebawah Duli Baginda Mai Girma
Awu Haka ne,
Ya
Inda A'a
Tidak
kabat Tutup Don rufewa (ƙofa, da dai sauransu)
Makan Don cin abinci
Suka Don jin daɗi
Cali Lawak Funny (adj.), wanda aka samo daga Charlie Chaplin
Siuk Syok duba. syok na Malaysia, shiok na Singapore
Lakas Lekas Don zama mai sauri, (a cikin a) hanzari (ing) (kuma interjection)
Karang Nanti Daga baya, nan ba da daɗewa ba
Tarus Terus Kai tsaye a gaba; nan da nan
Manada Mana ada An yi amfani da shi azaman kalma lokacin da yake cikin musantawa (kamar a cikin 'Babu hanya!' ko 'Ba za a iya kasancewa ba')
Baiktah Lebih baik 'Yana iya kuma ... '
Orang putih Orang putih; Mat salleh Gabaɗaya yana nufin fararen Yamma.
Kaling Yana nufin Bruneian na asalin Indiya. (Wannan galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin kunya.)

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Nazarin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masu binciken yamma da yawa a Borneo sun tattara kalmomin Brunei Malay kuma sun buga su ciki har da Pigafetta a 1521, De Crespigny a 1872, Charles Hose a 1893, AS Haynes a 1900, Sidney H. Ray a 1913, H. B. Marshall a 1921, da G. T. MacBryan a 1922, kuma wasu kalmomin Brunei Malaysia an haɗa su a cikin A Malay-English Dictionary na R. J. Wilkinson .

Wasu malamai sun yi nazarin tsarin harshe na Brunei.

Bayanan Kula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ In Malay, Bini-bini is exclusively used in Brunei to refer to a woman. In Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, it is an informal way to refer to one's wives or a group of married women.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Brunei Malay". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Clynes2011
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Clynes2014
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