Buckra

Buckra
kalma
Bayanai
Bisa	Mbakara (en)
Harshen aiki ko suna	Turanci na Afirka da Amurka

An samo "Buckra" a cikin bambance-bambance da yawa, bacceroe, bochara, backra, baccra, bakra, buckera, buckra, bockra, da sauransu.[1] Wataƙila ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ibibio da Efik Annang, ma'ana (farin) Turai ko maigida.[2] An yi tunanin cewa ya fito ne a lokacin mulkin mallaka na karni na 17 ko 18, lokacin da aka kai bayi daga Afirka ta Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya zuwa gonaki a cikin Caribbean mallakar masu mulkin mallaka ta Turai.

Da farko, bayi sun yi amfani da shi don yin magana da masu mallakar su da masu kula da su. Daga baya, an fadada ma'anar don bayyana fararen mutane gabaɗaya. Bayan kawar da bautar, kalmar ta tsira don komawa ga fararen mutane, yawanci baƙar fata a Amurka suna amfani da ita a ma'anar wulakanci.

A cikin Caribbean

Daga kimanin karni na 16, an tura bayi na Yammacin Afirka, musamman Jamaica" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Igbo people in Jamaica">Ibo da Ibibio, zuwa Jamaica don yin aiki a gonaki. Wani littafi na Eric Allen game da Jamaica, wanda aka buga a 1896, mai taken "Buckra" Land - Two Weeks in Jamaica . Ya ambaci kalmar buckra, "ma'anar mutum", wanda baƙar fata na Jamaica ke amfani da shi don gaishe da baƙi. A cikin Jamaican Patois, duka Bakra da Backra ana fassara su a matsayin (farin) bawa. A Jamaica, rubuce-rubucen rubuce-daban da furcin ilimi shine "buckra"; a cikin furcin jama'a, "backra" mai kama da tushen "mbakara".

A cikin Sranan Tongo, yaren creole a tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Dutch Suriname, kalmar tana faruwa ne a matsayin bakra, da farko tana nufin mai bautar fari a kan shuka, ko kuma fararen maigidan gabaɗaya. A zamanin yau, da farko yana nufin fararen mutumin Holland amma kuma yana iya nufin fararen mutum.

Har ila yau a cikin Guyana, ma'anar asali ita ce mai mallakar fararen shuka, daga baya fari, ko ma wani muhimmin wanda ba fari ba.

Mutanen da ba su da kyau

Barbados tana da tarihin mulkin mallaka da bautar, ma. Daga shekarun 1630, lokacin da Barbados ta zama Mulkin mallaka na Ingila, an kawo adadi mai yawa na matalauta Irish zuwa Barbados don yin aiki a gonakin sukari. Sauran fararen fata, kamar fursunonin soja, gwauraye, da marayu, waɗanda aka kawo wa masu gonar suyi aiki a cikin filayen an tura su zuwa Caribbean, yadda ya kamata a matsayin ma'aikata da ma'aikata marasa albashi da kulawa. A Barbados, ana kiran waɗannan matalauta, mutanen da ke da fata "matalauta" ko "buckras".

Amfani a Amurka

A rabi na biyu na karni na 17, dubban dubban mazauna Barbados sun yi ƙaura zuwa sauran yankuna lokacin da ba su sami dukiyar da aka ba su don samun su ba. Mutane da yawa sun koma yankin Arewacin Amurka. Kudancin Carolina, musamman, mazauna daga Barbados ne suka kafa ta wadanda suka kawo bayi da yawa na Afirka tare da su. Wadannan bayi suna magana da harshen Creole na Turanci wanda daga baya ya zama sananne da Gullah . Wannan Creole ya samo asali ne saboda 'yan Afirka da ke bakin tekun Kudancin Carolina suna da iyakantaccen hulɗa tare da Fararen fata ko Baƙi daga wasu yankuna na Kudancin. Har yanzu ana magana da wannan Creole a yau ta zuriyar mutanen Gullah a yankin Kudancin Carolina da Georgia.