Bukatun asali
 Bukatun asali | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
need (en)  |
Tsarin bukatu na yau da kullun na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin auna cikakken talauci a ƙasashe masu tasowa a duniya. Yana aiki don ayyana mafi ƙarancin albarkatun da ake buƙata don jin daɗin jiki na dogon lokaci, yawanci dangane da kayan amfani. Sannan ana bayyana layin talauci a matsayin adadin kudin shiga da ake bukata don biyan bukatun jama'a. Babban taron samar da aikin yi na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya a 1976.[1] "Wataƙila babban batu na WEP shine taron Aiki na Duniya na 1976, wanda ya ba da shawarar gamsuwa da bukatun ɗan adam na yau da kullun a matsayin babban maƙasudin manufofin ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa. Tsarin buƙatu na yau da kullun don ci gaba ya sami amincewa da gwamnatoci da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata da ma'aikata daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Ya rinjayi shirye-shirye da manufofin manyan cibiyoyin ci gaban jama'a da na ɗan adam kafin aiwatarwa.
Jerin al'ada na "bukatun asali" nan take shine abinci (ciki har da ruwa), tsari da sutura.[2] Yawancin lissafin zamani sun jaddada ƙaramin matakin amfani da "buƙatun asali" na ba kawai abinci, ruwa, tufafi da matsuguni ba, har ma da sufuri (kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Magana na Uku na Sashen Rayuwa na Ƙa'idodin Jama'a Uku), tsaftar muhalli, ilimi, da kiwon lafiya. Hukumomi daban-daban suna amfani da lissafin daban-daban.
An bayyana tsarin buƙatu na yau da kullun a matsayin mai cin abinci, yana ba da ra'ayi "cewa kawar da talauci duk abu ne mai sauƙi."
A cikin jawabin ci gaba, samfurin buƙatu na yau da kullun yana mai da hankali kan auna abin da aka yi imani zai zama matakin kawar da talauci. Shirye-shiryen ci gaban da ke bin tsarin bukatu na yau da kullun ba sa saka hannun jari a ayyukan tattalin arziki da za su taimaka wa al'umma ta dauki nauyinta a nan gaba, a'a, suna mai da hankali ne kan tabbatar da cewa kowane gida ya biya bukatunsa na yau da kullun ko da kuwa dole ne a sadaukar da ci gaban tattalin arziki a yau. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun fi mayar da hankali kan rayuwa fiye da adalci. Duk da haka, dangane da “aunawa”, ainihin buƙatu ko cikakkiyar hanya tana da mahimmanci. Taron kolin duniya na 1995 kan ci gaban zamantakewa a Copenhagen ya kasance, a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan furucinsa cewa ya kamata dukkan al'ummomin duniya su samar da matakan talauci da dangi kuma ya kamata su tsara manufofin kasa don "kawar da cikakkiyar talauci ta ranar da aka ƙayyade ta kowace ƙasa a cikin yanayin kasa."[3]
Kanada
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farfesa Chris Sarlo, masanin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Nipissing da ke North Bay, Ontario, Canada, kuma babban jami'in Cibiyar Fraser, yana amfani da bayanan kididdiga na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Kanada, musamman Binciken Kuɗi na Gida don ƙayyade farashin jerin abubuwan bukatun gida. Jerin ya haɗa da abinci, matsuguni, tufafi, kula da lafiya, kulawar mutum, kayan masarufi, sufuri da sadarwa, wanki, inshorar gida, da iri-iri; yana ɗauka cewa ana ba da ilimi kyauta ga duk mazaunan Kanada. Ana ƙididdige wannan don al'ummomi daban-daban a duk faɗin Kanada kuma an daidaita su don girman iyali. Da wannan bayanin, ya ƙayyade adadin gidajen Kanada waɗanda ba su da isasshen kudin shiga don biyan waɗannan buƙatun. Dangane da ainihin buƙatunsa na talauci, ƙimar talauci a Kanada, yawan talauci ya ragu daga kusan kashi 12% na gidajen Kanada zuwa kusan 5% tun daga shekarun 1970.[4] Wannan ya bambanta sosai da sakamakon Kididdiga na Kanada, Kwamitin Taro na Kanada, Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba (OECD) da UNESCO ta yin amfani da ma'aunin talauci da aka yi la'akari da shi mafi amfani ga ƙasashen masana'antu na ci gaba kamar Kanada, wanda Sarlo ya ƙi.
OECD da UNICEF sun ƙididdige adadin talaucin Kanada fiye da yadda ta yi amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan talauci. Kididdigar Kanada ta LICO, wanda Sarlo kuma ya ƙi, yana haifar da hauhawar talauci. Dangane da rahoton 2008 na kungiyar Hadin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba (OECD), yawan talauci a Kanada, yana daga cikin mafi girman kasashe mambobin kungiyar OECD, kasashe masu arzikin masana'antu a duniya. Babu wata ma'anar gwamnati ta hukuma don haka, auna, don talauci a Kanada. Koyaya, Dennis Raphael, marubucin Talauci a Kanada: Abubuwan Lafiya da Ingantacciyar Rayuwa sun ruwaito cewa Shirin Raya Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), Asusun Tallafawa Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF), Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba (OECD) da masu binciken talauci na Kanada gano cewa dangi dangi shine "mafi yawan ma'auni masu fa'ida don wadatar talauci a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kamar talauci. Kanada." A cikin rahotonta ya fitar da Kwamitin Taro.[5]
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bisa ga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Sabis na Jama'a, mutumin da ke samun dala 12,760 a shekara ana ɗaukarsa ƙasa da layin talauci.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ The World Employment Programme at ILO" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-19. Retrieved 2013-06-19
- ↑ Richard Jolly (October 1976). "The World Employment Conference: The Enthronement of Basic Needs". Development Policy Review. A9 (2): 31–44. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7679.1976.tb00338.x.
- ↑ United Nations Division for Sustainable Development-Sustainable Development Issues - Poverty". United Nations. Archived from the original on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
- ↑ Poverty in Canada: 2006 Update Archived May 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Canada falling behind on poverty, inequality, says report of Canada ranked 7th out of 17 developed countries". CBC. February 2013
- ↑ Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-17.