Bukka/ruga

Bukka/ruga
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Wuri

Hotuna na petroglyphs daga al'adun Tagar, 1st millennium BC a Krasnoyarsk Krai, Rasha.

Gidan dutse a Enontekiö, Finland.

Chozo a cikin Extremadura, Spain.

Gidan gida ƙaramin gida ne, wanda za'a iya gina shi da kayan gida daban-daban. Huts wani nau'in gine-gine ne saboda an gina su da kayan da ke samuwa zama itace, dusar ƙanƙara, dutse, ciyawa, ganyen dabino, rassan, yumɓu, fata, masana'anta, ko laka ta amfani da dabarun da aka ba da su ta hanyar tsararraki.

Gina hutun gabaɗaya ba shi da rikitarwa fiye da na gida (mai ɗorewa, gida mai kyau) amma fiye da na mafaka (wurin mafaka ko aminci) kamar Alfarwa kuma ana amfani dashi azaman mafaka na wucin gadi ko na yanayi ko kuma a matsayin zama na dindindin a wasu al'ummomin asali.

Gidajen suna cikin kusan dukkanin al'adun makiyaya. Wasu gidaje suna iya ɗaukar kaya kuma suna iya jimrewa da yawancin yanayin yanayi.

Magana

Kalmar sau da yawa ana amfani da ita ga mutanen da ke la'akari da gida da ba na yamma ba a yankunan wurare masu zafi da na sub-tropical don zama marasa kyau ko na asali, amma sau da yawa ƙirar ta dogara ne akan al'adun ƙwarewar gida ta amfani da fasahar gine-gine. Zane-zane a cikin wurare masu zafi da yankuna masu zafi suna son saitin iska mai ƙarfi wanda aka gina daga kayan da ba na jagora ba, wanda ke ba da damar kawar da zafi. Kalmar gida ko gida wasu suna ganin sun fi dacewa.

Har ila yau, masu hawan dutse da masu ba da kaya sun karɓi kalmar don komawa ga tsarin da ya fi ƙarfi da na dindindin wanda ke ba da mafaka. Wadannan sun bambanta daga bothies masu sauƙi - waɗanda ba su da yawa fiye da mafaka na asali - zuwa Gidajen dutse waɗanda suka fi alatu kuma suna iya haɗawa da wurare kamar Gidajen cin abinci.

Kalmar "hut" (wato ƙaramin gida ko ruga) ta samo asali ne tun karni na 17 (1650s) daga kalmar Faransanci "hutte" (ma'ana: ƙaramar gida), wadda ita ma ta fito daga Tsohuwar Jamusanci (Middle High German) kalmar "hütte", ma'anarta ita ce "ƙaramar gida ko ruga".

Ana zaton tushen kalmar ya samo asali daga Proto-Germanic hudjon-, wadda kuma ta danganci kalmar Tsohuwar Turanci (Old English) "hydan" – wato "to hide" (ɓoye abu), wanda kuma tushensa daga asalin yaren Indo-European (PIE) kalmar keudh-, wadda ke da alaƙa da asalin kalmar "hide" (ɓoyewa ko rufe abu).

Ana zargin cewa kalmar "hut" ta fara bayyana a Turanci a matsayin kalmar soja (wato wajen zaman soja).

A wasu yarukan da suka danganci Jamusanci, akwai kalmomi makamanta da haka kamar:

• Old Saxon: hutta
• Danish: hytte
• Swedish: *hy

Amfani na zamani

Gidan nipa da aka yi amfani da shi don masaukin yawon bude ido a Marino del Norte Beach, Escalante, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Hut a cikin Kambalakonda eco park Visakhapatnam

Gidan da ke Tharparkar, Sindh

Tsohon hutun farauta a Utajärvi, Finland

makiyaya suna amfani da gidaje yayin motsa dabbobi tsakanin wuraren kiwo na yanayi kamar tsaunuka da filayen ƙasa (transhumance).

Har ila yau, masu amfani da kaya da sauran matafiya a yankunan karkara suna amfani da su.

Wasu mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu suna amfani da gidaje a duk faɗin duniya a lokacin da suke zaune a kasashen waje. Misali, masu tarawa na wucin gadi a cikin jeji ma'aikatan gona a gonaki a cikin gandun daji na Amazon.

An gina gidaje don wasu dalilai ban da zama kamar ajiya, bita, da koyarwa.

Nau'o'in

Al'ada

• Bahay kubo (Nipa hut) - gidan gargajiya na Filipino da aka yi da bamboo da itatuwan dabino a matsayin rufin. An tsara su don su kasance masu sauƙi don haka za a iya motsa su daga wuri zuwa wani ta hanyar ɗaukar su ta ƙungiyar maza, aikin da ake kira bayanihan.
• Balok - hutun hamada na Siberiya da aka yi da katako, yawanci na jama'a, wanda mafarauta, masunta da matafiya ke amfani da shi a sassa masu nisa na Siberia. Wasu baloks suna motsawa kuma ana ɗora su a kan sleds.
• Barabara - gidan hunturu na duniya na Mutanen Aleut
• Bariki - tsohuwar kalma ce don hutun wucin gadi, yanzu ana amfani da ita azaman kalma don gidajen soja da kuma tsarin ajiyar hay na musamman da ake kira bariki.
• Bothy - asali hutun ɗaki ɗaya ne ga ma'aikatan gona maza a Ƙasar Ingila, yanzu hutun dutse ne ga masu tafiya da dare.
• Burdei ko bordei - wani dugout ko rami-house tare da rufin sod a Romania, Ukraine da Kanada.
• Cabana - wani bude mafaka
• Chozo - Mutanen Espanya don hutun
• Clochán - hutun dutse mai bushe na Irish
• Gidan dutse mai bushe
• Gidan zama na duniya - Gidan 'yan asalin Amurka
• Heartebeest Hut - hutun da Trekboer na Afirka ta Kudu ya yi amfani da shi wanda aka gina da kara, wani lokacin an rufe shi da laka.
• Hytte - Gidan ko hutun Norwegian
• Igloo - wani hutun da aka yi da dusar ƙanƙara ko kankara
• Kolba - hutun Afghanistan
• Khata - hutun gargajiya na Ukrainian mai fararen wanke-daub, yawanci tare da ɗakuna biyu, ɗaki, da rufin ciyawar
• Lodge kalma ce ta gaba ɗaya don hutun ko ɗaki kamar ɗaki na katako ko ɗaki. Ana amfani da Lodge don komawa ga tipi, Gida gumi, da farauta, kamun kifi, tseren kankara, da gidan safari.
• Mitato - ƙaramin hutun dutse mai bushe a Girka
• Orri - dutse mai bushe na Faransa da hutun sod
• Rondavel - Tsakiyar Afirka da Afirka ta Kudu
• Roundhouse (gida) - wani zagaye hutun ko gida yawanci tare da rufin conical
• Sheiling - asali mafaka ce ta wucin gadi ko hutun makiyaya, yanzu yana iya zama ginin dutse. Ya zama ruwan dare a Scotland.
• Gidan Sod - nau'in gidan majagaba a kan Filayen Amurka inda itace yake da ƙarancin gaske.
• Sukkah - Isra'ila da Yahudawa a kasashen waje
• Trullo - wani hutun dutse mai bushe a Apulia, Italiya
• Tule hut - bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka, Yammacin Yamma, Arewacin California
• Oca - hutun Brazil
• Quinzhee - mafaka a kan dusar ƙanƙara a Kanada
• Yurt - Tsakiyar da Arewacin Asiya

Zamani na zamani

• HORSA hutun - ginin makarantar da aka riga aka gina don magance ƙarin buƙatu daga Dokar Ilimi ta 1944.
• Laing hutun - sassan bangon katako masu sauƙi da aka riga aka yi da su tare, a waje an rufe su da allon plaster da felt. An tsara shi a cikin 1940 don masaukin bariki.
• Nissen hut - tsarin ƙarfe da aka riga aka yi da shi wanda aka yi da ƙarfe mai laushi wanda aka kirkira a farkon kwata na karni na 20. Gidan Jamesway - bambancin Gidan Nissen Gidan Romney - bambancin hutun Nissen Ginin Quonset - wani nau'in hutun Nissan mai sauƙi na ƙarfe mai laushi
  • Gidan Jamesway - bambancin gidan Nissen
  • Romney hutun - bambancin hutun Nissen
  • Quonset hutun - wani nau'in hutun Nissen na ƙarfe mai sauƙi wanda aka riga aka yi da ƙarfe
• Gidan Pratten - gini ne da aka riga aka gina wanda aka saba amfani dashi a makarantu don ɗakunan ajiya a Burtaniya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na 2.
• Gidan Scout - kalmar da aka ba da gine-ginen da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin wurin taro na membobin Ƙungiyar Scout a duk duniya.

Gine-gine

Ragowar hutun laka, tare da yadudduka na ciki da aka fallasa. Wannan hutun ya lalace a lokacin babban girgizar kasa.

An tsara gidaje da yawa don su kasance masu sauri da arha don ginawa. Gine-gine sau da yawa ba ya buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman ko ilimi.

Amfani da talla

Ana amfani da kalmar Hut don kiran shagunan kasuwanci da yawa, kamfanoni, da ra'ayoyi. Sunan yana nuna karamin wuri, mai sauƙi, sau da yawa tare da yanayi mai ban sha'awa da abokantaka. Misalan sun hada da Pizza Hut da Sunglass Hut . Ana iya gina kiosks don su yi kama da shaguna kuma galibi ana samun su a wuraren shakatawa, malls, rairayin bakin teku, ko wasu wuraren jama'a, suna sayar da abinci ko kayayyaki masu arha. Otal-otal masu tsada a yankunan wurare masu zafi inda aka sanya baƙi su zauna a tsarin su mai zaman kansa wani lokacin suna kiran tsarin "hut", kodayake irin waɗannan gidaje yawanci suna da kamanceceniya da al'adun gargajiya na hutun.

Dubi kuma

Iyalin Sami a gaban goahti. An dauki hoton a kusa da 1900 a arewacin Scandinavia.

• Gine-gine na Afirka
• Gidan da aka yi da dutse mai bushe - Gidan da ya bushe na Faransa
• Lean-to - wani nau'in mafaka
• Gidan dutse - gini wanda ke ba da abinci da mafaka ga masu hawan dutse da masu hawan duwatsu
• Palloza - nau'in gidan zagaye na Mutanen Espanya
• The Primitive Hut - ra'ayi a cikin ka'idar gine-gine
• Tipi - Tenta ta Arewacin Amurka ta Tsakiya