Burbushin wuta na harabar gidan
 Burbushin wuta na harabar gidan | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
pressure group (en)  |
| Subdivisions | |
Gidan burbushin mai ya haɗa da wakilan kamfanoni masu biyan kuɗi da ke da hannu a masana'antar mai (man, iskar gas, kwal), da kuma masana'antu masu alaƙa kamar sinadarai, robobi, jirgin sama da sauran abubuwan sufuri.[1] Saboda arzikinsu da mahimmancin makamashi, sufuri da masana'antun sinadarai ga tattalin arzikin cikin gida, na ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna da ƙarfi da kuɗi don ƙoƙarin yin tasiri sosai kan manufofin gwamnati. Musamman ma, lobbies suna inganta kin canjin yanayi da hana manufofin da suka shafi kare muhalli, lafiyar muhalli da aikin sauyin yanayi.
Misali, bayan sauyin yanayi ya zama batu na jama'a, gidan man burbushin mai ya fara wani kamfen na hulda da jama'a don dakile fahimtar jama'a game da sauyin yanayi da kuma toshe ayyuka masu ma'ana. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masana'antar burbushin mai ta yi inkarin musantawa tare da sanya shakku kan kimiyyar yanayi, ta rikitar da jama'a da 'yan siyasa, da kuma hana yanayi da tsare-tsaren makamashi mai tsafta ta hanyar gurbatattun bayanai, da neman ra'ayi, da farfaganda kuma ta ci gaba da yin haka, misali ta hanyar karyar da'awar cewa babu yarjejeniya yanayi tsakanin masana kimiyya.[2]
Lobbies suna aiki a mafi yawan tattalin arzikin burbushin mai tare da gudanar da mulkin demokraɗiyya, tare da bayar da rahoto kan wuraren da suka fi fice a Kanada, Ostiraliya, Amurka da Turai; duk da haka, lobbies suna nan a yawancin sassan duniya. Kamfanonin Big Oil irin su ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, TotalEnergies, Chevron Corporation, da ConocoPhillips suna daga cikin manyan kamfanoni masu alaƙa da harabar mai. Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka ƙwararren mai ba da shawara ce ta masana'antu don Big Oil tare da babban tasiri a cikin Washington, DC A Ostiraliya, Masu Samar da Makamashi na Australiya, waɗanda aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Haɓaka Man Fetur da Haɓaka Man Fetur ta Australiya (APPEA), yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a Canberra kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye saitunan manufofin mai da iskar gas.[3]
Kasancewar manyan kamfanonin mai da kamfanonin mai na kasa a tarukan duniya don yanke shawara, kamar kwamitin gwamnatocin kasa da kasa kan sauyin yanayi,[10] shawarwarin yarjejeniyar yanayi na Paris,[10] da kuma taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an soki su. An san zauren gidan don yin amfani da rikice-rikice na kasa da kasa, kamar cutar ta COVID-19, ko mamayewar 2022 na Rasha na Ukraine, don ƙoƙarin dawo da ƙa'idodin da ke akwai ko tabbatar da sabon haɓakar mai. Lobbyists suna ƙoƙarin riƙe tallafin mai.[4]
Tasiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dandalin makamashi yana da tarihin rikici tare da muradun kasa da kasa da mulkin dimokradiyya na duniya. A cewar Kungiyar Kula da Makamashi Mai Dorewa ta Duniya don Sabunta Makamashi da Ingantaccen Makamashi, taron yanayi na duniya na biyu "Amurka da masu fafutukar mai ne suka yi zagon kasa" inda UNISEO ta ci gaba da kafa Yarjejeniya ta Makamashi ta Duniya "wanda ke kare rayuwa, lafiya, yanayi da yanayin halittu daga hayaki." A cewar kungiyar, wadannan guda "reactionary makamashi lobby kungiyoyin kokarin kauracewa wannan Yarjejeniya da taimakon man fetur- da al'ummomi masu samar da kwal kuma sun yi nasarar ci gaba da samar da makamashi daga Rio Conference on Environment & Development (Earth Summit) a 1992, don ci gaba da wannan wasa a duk Climate Taro a Berlin, Kyoto, The Hague da kuma Amurka probakar da kauracewa da kauracewa da Amurka. Yarjejeniya." An kiyasta cewa a cikin shekarun 2010s manyan kamfanonin mai da iskar gas biyar, da kungiyoyin masana'antu, sun kashe akalla Yuro miliyan 251 wajen yi wa Tarayyar Turai zagon kasa kan manufofin yanayi.[20] Lobbying kuma yana da tasiri a cikin Kanada da Ostiraliya a cikin 2010s.
A yayin zaman taro na 14 na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan ci gaba mai dorewa, a cewar cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta kasa da kasa, “An ce minista daya ya kalubalanci harabar makamashin da ake sabuntawa a Arewa da kalaman: me zai hana ‘haske’ wurare masu duhu na duniya ta hanyar ‘kashe wasu kyandirori’ a cikin naku?.
A cewar hukumar ta UNFCCC, 636 masu fafutukar neman man fetur sun halarci COP27.
A bainar jama'a, kamfanonin burbushin man fetur sun ce suna goyon bayan yarjejeniyar Paris da ke da nufin iyakance dumamar yanayi a kasa da digiri 2 a shekara ta 2100. Rahotanni na cikin gida na BP da Shell sun nuna cewa sun tsara tsarin kasuwanci na gaggawa don dumamar yanayi fiye da 3 ° C na 2050.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Why fossil fuel lobbyists are dominating climate policy during Covid-19". Greenhouse PR. 23 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
- ↑ Shaye Wolf et al.: Scientists’ warning on fossil fuels, in: Oxford Open Climate Change, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2025, doi:10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf011 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
- ↑ Gaslighting: How APPEA and its members continue to oppose genuine climate action". ACCR. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2024
- ↑ Hodgson, Camilla (17 February 2022). "Fossil fuel and agriculture handouts climb to $1.8tn a year, study says". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ↑ Ben Chapman (27 October 2017). "BP and Shell planning for catastrophic 5°C global warming despite publicly backing Paris climate agreement". The Independent. Retrieved 30 December 2018