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Bus Block

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Bus Block
concession (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙasa Belgian Congo
SAB Bus Bloc yana aikawa a cikin taswirar 1894. Kogin Ruki na sama da ke saman kogin Momboyo kuma ana kiransa kogin Busira

Bus Bloc, ko Bloc de la Busira-Momboyo, ya kasance babban rangwame a cikin Kongo Free State, daga baya Belgian Kongo, sarrafa ta Société anonyme belge pour le commerce du Haut-Congo (SAB). Ya rufe ƙasa tare da tsakanin kogin Busira da kogin Momboyo . Tun da farko hukumar SAB ta yi amfani da mutanen yankin cikin rashin tausayi wajen neman robar, kuma da yawa sun mutu.

Farashin SAB

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Tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairun 1894 Société anonyme belge pour le commerce du Haut-Congo (SAB) tana da masana'antu da mukamai 83, ciki har da wasu a cikin yankin Faransa zuwa yammacin Kongo da kogin Ubangi . Taswirar ta nuna kamfanin yana da matsayi a saman kogin Ruki (watau Busira) a Bilakamba, Bombimba, Bussira Manene, Moniaca, Bocoté da Yolongo . Hakanan yana da matsayi a Bomputu akan Kogin Lengué (Salonga), da mukamai a Balalondzy, Ivulu da Ivuku akan kogin Momboyo . [1] The post a Monieka bisa hukuma kafa a 1901. [2]

Rangwame

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Kamfanin Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie (CCCI) an bai wa haƙƙin 50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) na fili don dawo da ayyukanta na nazarin aikin layin dogo na Matadi-Léopoldville . [3] 138,000 hectares (340,000 acres) na yarjejeniyar CCCI ya kasance a cikin babban yankin Bus Bloc, amma daga cikin wannan 123,000 hectares (300,000 acres) sun kasance a waje da iyakokinta na gaba. [4] SAB tana da 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) a cikin Bus Bloc na gaba. [4]

Kamfanin Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo (CFC) an ba shi 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) na fili a kowane 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) na layin da aka sanya cikin aiki, da kuma tsiri mai tsayin 200 metres (660 ft) fadi tare da layin dogo. [3] CFC ta zaɓi 11,500 hectares (28,000 acres) a cikin Bus Bloc na gaba, kuma har zuwa 1901 har yanzu tana da 539,326 hectares (1,332,700 acres) ba a ware ba. A cikin yarjejeniyar da aka yi a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1901, kasar Kongo Free State ta amince da ware ragowar hekta 539,326 na CFC a wani yanki tsakanin kogin Salonga da Busira, da kuma kara wani 500,000 hectares (1,200,000 acres), muddin wannan ya hada da 168,512 hectares (416,400 acres) An ware shi a cikin kwarin Busira-Momboyo, wanda ya zama yanki guda. [4]

1906 Punch cartoon da ke nuna Leopold II na Belgium a matsayin maciji yana kai hari ga mutanen Kongo

An ɗauki ɗan lokaci kafin a daidaita kan iyakokin ƙungiyar, waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarshe a cikin wata yarjejeniya a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1904. An rage fadada da hekta 500,000 zuwa 333,535 hectares (824,180 acres), wanda ya ba da jimillar 1,041,373 hectares (2,573,290 acres) . Jihar ta kwace wasu filaye a wajen kungiyar, amma ta bar gonakin Busira-Manene. [4] Hukumar ta CFC ce ta rike mafi yawan filayen, yayin da CCCI ke da kashi biyu na 123,000 hectares (300,000 acres) da 15,000 hectares (37,000 acres) kuma SAB tana da karamin yanki na 12 hectares (30 acres) . An keɓe wasu filaye don ƴan ƙasa ko don amfanin jama'a. [4]

Tarihi

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A karkashin yarjejeniyar 27 Disamba 1901 SAB ne ke da alhakin cin gajiyar masana'antu, noma da kasuwanci na Bloc kuma ta sami wani kaso na abin da aka samu na diyya. An raba haƙƙin mallaka, tare da CFC ta sami rabi kuma CCCI da SAB kowanne ya sami kwata. [4] Tsakanin 1902 da 1910 SAB ta ƙaddamar da mafi yawan ayyukanta ga kamfanonin Compagnie du Kasaï da Société du Busira . Bayan wannan, SAB ya sake haɓakawa yayin da tsarin rangwamen ya ƙare a hankali. [5] A cikin 1911 Charles Batjoens ya jagoranci manufa don iyakance Bus Bloc a Bussanga (Equateur). [6]

‘Yan kasar Beljiyam sun yi wa al’ummar yankin mugun hali tare da tilasta musu fitar da roba a cikin wani yanayi mai ban tsoro. An kiyasta cewa dubban daruruwan mutane sun mutu a matsayin wadanda aka kashe ga wakilan Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company (ABIR) ko na SAB a cikin Bus-Bloc. [1] Likitan Ba'amurke Louis Jaggard (1877-1951) a aikin Monieka yayi magana a cikin 1917 tare da ba'a ga 'yan kasuwa 30 ko makamancin haka a Bussira, 4 miles (6.4 km) nesa, wanda ya zo masa magani. Ya kira su "low down farar shara". Tawayen da ya fara a Sankuru a cikin 1920 ya bazu zuwa ga SAB's Bus Bloc a kan Upper Busira. 'Yan tawayen sun kai hari kan ofisoshin gwamnati, wuraren kasuwanci, masana'antu, gidaje da kuma wani cocin Katolika. Sojojin sun isa a watan Maris na 1921 kuma a cikin watanni biyar masu zuwa sun kashe akalla 'yan tawaye 115.

A ranar 21 ga Maris 1927 SAB ta sami duk haƙƙoƙin ƙasa a cikin ƙungiyar. Babban jari da adadin hannun jari a cikin SAB ya ƙaru, kuma an biya CCCI da CFC tare da hannun jari a SAB. [4] A ranar 26 ga Yuni 1937 an mayar da Bus Bloc zuwa jihar, babban yanki mai girman 1,041,773 hectares (2,574,280 acres) . An biya SAB ta kuɗi da kuma a cikin ƙasa. [7] A ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1937 an buɗe duk yankin don ciniki cikin 'yanci. [4]

Bayanan kula

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  1. ↑ Map: Société anonyme belge ...
  2. ↑ Boelaert, Vinck & Lonkama 1996.
  3. 1 2 Heyse 1940.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Heyse 1938.
  5. ↑ De Roo.
  6. ↑ Batjoens, Charles ... Africa Museum.
  7. ↑ Hayes 1940.

Majiya

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  • Batjoens, Charles, Africa Museum, retrieved 2021-03-26
  • Boelaert, E.; Vinck, H.; Lonkama, Ch. (1996), "Arrivée des blancs sur les bords des riviéres equatoriales (Partie II et fin)", Annales Aequatoria (in Faransanci), Honoré Vinck, 17: 7–416, JSTOR 25837249, retrieved 2021-03-24
  • De Roo, Bas, Negotiating colonial tariff policies. Customs and commerce in the Congo (1886–1914) (PDF) (thesis), archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-12-25, retrieved 2021-03-20
  • Hayes, Th. (Jan–May 1940), "La politique des concessions foncieres au congo belge" (PDF), Revue d'histoire moderne, Nouv. Ser. Tome 9: Etudes sur l'histoire de Belgique, Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 15e (41/42): 88–104, JSTOR 20525978, retrieved 2021-03-19
  • Heyse, T. (1938), "Section des sciences morales et politiques" (PDF), Bulletin des séances (in Faransanci), Institut Royal Colonial Beige, IX, retrieved 2021-03-26
  • Heyse, Th. (January–May 1940), "La politique des concessions foncieres au congo belge", Revue d'histoire moderne, Nouv. Ser. Tome 9: Etudes sur l'histoire de Belgique (in Faransanci), Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 15e (41/42): 88–104, JSTOR 20525978, retrieved 2021-03-23
  • Hunt, Nancy Rose (2015), A Nervous State: Violence, Remedies, and Reverie in Colonial Congo, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-7524-1
  • Kanyarwunga, Jean I.N., République Démocratique du Congo. Les générations condamnées., Jean I. N. KANYARWUNGA, GGKEY:XXKYNRXTHAH, retrieved 2021-03-26
  • "Map: Société anonyme belge pour le commerce du Haut-Congo : emplacement des 83 factoreries et postes au 1er janvier 1894", Mouvement géographique, Brussels: Institut national de géographie, 28 October 1894, retrieved 2021-03-19
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