Can-can

Can-can
type of dance (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	quadrille (en) da ballroom dance (en)
Farawa	1820
Ƙasa da aka fara	Faransa

Zane na gwangwanin gwangwani ta Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1895

  Can-can (wanda kuma aka rubuta cancan kamar yadda yake a cikin Faransanci na asali fr ) rawa ce mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi wadda ta zama sanannen rawa a zauren kiɗa a shekarun 1840, wadda ta ci gaba da shahara a gidajen rawa na Faransa har zuwa yau. Asalin rawan ma'aurata ne, yanzu ana danganta ta da layin mawaƙa na mata. Babban fasalulluka na rawan sune sarrafa siket da riguna masu laushi, tare da bugun ƙafa, rabe-raben ƙafa, da kuma keken hannu .

Tarihi

Georges Seurat, 1889–90, Le Chahut, mai a kan zane, 170 cm × 141 cm (67 in × 56 in), Gidan Tarihi na Kröller-Müller

Toulouse-Lautrec, Jane Avril Dancing

Ana kyautata zaton cewa gwangwanin gwangwani ya samo asali ne daga mutum na ƙarshe a cikin quadrille, wani rawa ta zamantakewa ga ma'aurata huɗu ko fiye. Asalin rawar ba a san ta ba, amma matakan wataƙila sun samo asali ne daga wani shahararren mai nishadantarwa na shekarun 1820, Charles-François Mazurier (1798–1828), wanda aka san shi da rawar kwaikwayo da acrobatic, gami da babban wasan kwaikwayo ko tsalle-tsalle - duka fasalulluka masu shahara na gwangwanin gwangwani; babban nasararsa ita ce a Jocko, ko kuma Birin Brazilian (1825).

An ɗauki wannan rawa a matsayin abin kunya, kuma na ɗan lokaci an yi ƙoƙarin danne ta. Wannan wataƙila ya faru ne saboda a ƙarni na 19, mata suna sanya wando mai launin pantalette, wanda ke da ƙugu a buɗe, kuma bugun da aka yi yana bayyana da gangan. Babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa masu rawa suna sanya wando na musamman a rufe, kodayake an ce shugabannin Moulin Rouge ba su ba wa masu rawa damar yin "bayyana tufafin ciki" ba. A wasu lokutan, ana kama mutanen da ke rawa da gwangwani, amma babu wani bayani da ke nuna cewa an haramta shi, kamar yadda wasu bayanai suka yi iƙirari. A cikin shekarun 1830, sau da yawa ƙungiyoyin maza ne, musamman ɗalibai, waɗanda ke rawa a gidajen rawa na jama'a.

Yayin da rawa ta fara shahara, ƙwararrun masu wasan kwaikwayo sun fito, kodayake har yanzu mutane ne ke rawa, ba ta hanyar waƙoƙin mawaƙa ba. Wasu maza kaɗan sun zama taurari masu iya rawa a shekarun 1840 zuwa 1861 da kuma ƙungiyar maza duka da aka sani da Quadrille des Clodoches An yi wasan kwaikwayo a Landan a shekarar 1870. Duk da haka, mata masu wasan kwaikwayo sun fi shahara.

A shekarun 1890, an sami damar samun abin rayuwa a matsayin cikakken ɗan rawa kuma taurari kamar La Goulue da Jane Avril sun fito, waɗanda aka biya su kuɗi mai yawa saboda bayyanarsu a Moulin Rouge da sauran wurare. Fitaccen ɗan rawa na lokacin shine Valentin le Désossé (Valentin the Boneless), abokin tarayya na La Goulue akai-akai. Ƙwararrun masu rawa na Daular Biyu da kuma fin de siècle sun haɓaka motsin can-can wanda daga baya mai horar da mawaka Pierre Sandrini ya haɗa a cikin "Cacan na Faransa", wanda ya ƙirƙira a Moulin Rouge a shekarun 1920 kuma ya gabatar a Bal Tabarin nasa daga 1928. Wannan haɗin salon ɗaiɗaikun gidajen rawa na Paris ne da salon mawaƙa na gidajen kiɗa na Burtaniya da Amurka.

A wajen Faransa

A wajen Faransa, gwangwanin gwangwani ya shahara a ɗakunan kiɗa, inda ƙungiyoyin mata ke rawa a cikin ayyukan kida. An dawo da wannan salon zuwa Faransa a shekarun 1920 don amfanin masu yawon buɗe ido. kuma an haifi "French Cancan" - wani tsari mai cike da tsari wanda ke ɗaukar mintuna goma ko fiye, tare da damar da mutane za su nuna "ƙwararrunsu". Babban motsi shine babban kick ko battement, rond de jambe (motsi mai sauri na ƙananan ƙafa tare da ɗaga gwiwa da siket a sama), port d'armes (juya ƙafa ɗaya, yayin da ake riƙe da ƙafar ɗaya da idon sawu sannan a riƙe ta a tsaye), keken doki da kuma babban keken doki (wanda ke tashi ko tsalle-tsalle). Ya zama al'ada ga masu rawa su yi ihu da ihu yayin da suke yin gwangwanin gwangwani.

An gabatar da wannan rawa a Amurka a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1867 ta Giuseppina Morlacchi, tana rawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Gwanjon Shaidan a Theatre Comique da ke Boston. An yi wa wannan rawa lakabi da "Grand Gallop Can-Can, wanda Mlles, Morlacchi, Blasina, Diani, Ricci, Baretta... suka tsara kuma suka yi rawa da shi tare da kuge da triangles ta hanyar coryphees da kuma corps de ballet ." Sabuwar rawa ta sami karbuwa sosai. A shekarun 1890, an yi wa wannan rawa lakabi da "can-can" a gidajen rawa na New York, bayan an maye gurbinsu da " hoochie coochie" .

Gwangwanin gwangwan ya shahara a Alaska da Yukon, Kanada, inda wasannin kwaikwayo suka nuna masu rawa har zuwa yau.

A wasu fannoni na fasaha

Mawaka da yawa sun rubuta waƙa ga mawakan can-can. Wanda ya fi shahara shine mawaƙin Faransa Jacques Offenbach 's Galop Infernal a cikin operetta Orphée aux Enfers ( Orpheus in the Underworld ) (1858). Duk da haka, tseren wani nau'in rawa ne. Wasu misalai sun faru a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Franz Lehár mai suna The Merry Widow (1905) da wasan kwaikwayo na Cole Porter mai suna Can-Can (1954), wanda ya zama tushen fim ɗin kiɗa na 1960 mai suna Can-Can wanda Frank Sinatra da Shirley MacLaine suka fito a cikinsa. Wasu waƙoƙin da suka kasance suna da alaƙa da Can-can sun haɗa da " Sabre Dance " na Aram Khachaturian daga ballet ɗinsa na Gayane (1938) da kuma ma'aunin zauren kiɗa " Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay ". A shekarar 1955, an fitar da fim ɗin Jean Renoir mai suna French Cancan, wanda Jean Gabin ya fito a matsayin daraktan wani zauren kiɗa wanda ke ɗauke da Can-can.

Gwangwanin gwangwanin ya kan bayyana sau da yawa a cikin rawa, kamar yadda Léonide Massine's La Boutique fantasque (1919) da Gaîté Parisienne (1938), da kuma The Merry Widow . Wani misali kuma shi ne ƙarshen fim ɗin Jean Renoir mai suna French Cancan . Sanannen mai suna Can-can ya faru a ƙarshen fim ɗin " Dance of the Hours " daga opera La Gioconda ta Amilcare Ponchielli.

Mai zane-zane ɗan ƙasar Faransa Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ya samar da zane-zane da dama da kuma adadi mai yawa na masu rawa. Sauran masu zane-zanen gwangwanin sun haɗa da Georges Seurat, Georges Rouault, da Pablo Picasso .

An yi waƙar rawa a fina-finai da talabijin da dama, kamar rawar da aka nuna a fim ɗin Baz Luhrmann mai suna Moulin Rouge!. Shirin anime na shekarar 2009 mai suna Fairy Tail ya nuna waƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jigoginta, yayin da wani tallan talla na Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends ya nuna ɗaya daga cikin jaruman ta, Coco, tana yin rawar kafin ta lalata wurin da ke kewaye da ita. Wani sigar da aka sake haɗawa, mai suna "William Tell Overture", ta Kensuke Ushio kuma tana cikin jerin anime na Dandadan .

A cikin dukkan nau'ikan jirgin ruwa na Disney Parks , It's a Small World, akwai wasu 'yan tsana da ke rawa kusa da Hasumiyar Eiffel don wakiltar ƙasar da Can-can ta samo asali, Faransa .

• 
  An nuna hoton Moulin Rouge a cikin wani zane na Toulouse-Lautrec
• 
  'Yar tsana ta Can-can a cikin sigar Disneyland ta It's a Small World