Canjin halayyar
 Canjin halayyar | |
|---|---|
psychology concept (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | behavior management (en) |
| Fuskar | behavioural change theories (en) |
Gyaran halayyar hanya ce ta magani wacce ke amfani da mai amsawa da yanayin aiki don canza halayyar. Dangane da halayyar halayyar hanya, halayyar bayyane tana canzawa tare da (mafi girma) ƙarfafawa da sakamakonsa, gami da abubuwan da suka dace da marasa kyau don kara halayyar da ake so, da kuma hukunci mai kyau da mara kyau, da kuma ƙare don rage halayyar matsala. [1][2][3]
Aikace-aikacen zamani na gyaran halayyar sun haɗa da nazarin halayyar da aka yi amfani da ita (ABA), maganin halayyar, maganin fallasawa, da kuma maganin halayya. Tun lokacin da aka fara gyaran halayyar, an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci don mayar da hankali kan aikin halayyar halayyar.[4] An yi sauye-sauye tun lokacin da aka fara gyaran halayyar, kuma waɗannan canje-canjen suna mai da hankali kan mutuncin mutum mai karɓar magani, kuma ana samun su a cikin shirye-shiryen horar da digiri na yau. [5]
Bayyanawa da tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani na farko da kalmar gyaran halayyar ya bayyana cewa Edward Thorndike ne a cikin 1911. Labarinsa na Provisional Laws of Acquired Behavior or Learning yana amfani da kalmar nan "canji halayyar".[6] Ta hanyar bincike na farko a cikin 1940s da 1950s ƙungiyar bincike ta Joseph Wolpe ta yi amfani da kalmar.[7] Hadisin gwaji a cikin ilimin halayyar asibiti ya yi amfani da shi don komawa ga dabarun psycho-therapeutic da aka samo daga bincike na kwarewa. A cikin shekaR 1960, gyaran halayyar ya yi aiki a kan tsarin motsawa-amsa-karfafawa (S-R-SR), yana jaddada manufar 'ma'anar ma'amala' game da halayyar.[8] Tun daga wannan lokacin ya zo ne don komawa ga dabarun don kara halayyar daidaitawa ta hanyar ƙarfafawa da rage halayyar rashin dacewa ta hanyar halaka ko azabtarwa (tare da jaddadawa akan tsohon). Bugu da ƙari, B. F. Skinner ya ba da shawarar manufar ƙarfafawa da azabtarwa ta hanyar ka'idar halayensa, wanda ya ba da shawara cewa mutane suna iya fuskantar canje-canje bisa ga ƙarfafawa ko motsawa na azabtarwa wanda zai iya canza halayensu.[9] Binciken kowane ɗayan waɗannan masu sharhi ya taimaka wajen tsara tushe na gyaran halayyar da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da shi don canza wasu halayen.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Mace, F. C. (1994). "The significance and future of functional analysis methodologies". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 27 (2): 385–92. doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-385. PMC 1297814. PMID 16795830.
- ↑ Pelios, L.; Morren, J.; Tesch, D.; Axelrod, S. (1999). "The impact of functional analysis methodology on treatment choice for self-injurious and aggressive behavior". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 32 (2): 185–95. doi:10.1901/jaba.1999.32-185. PMC 1284177. PMID 10396771.
- ↑ Mace, F. C.; Critchfield, T. S. (2010). "Translational research in behavior analysis: Historical traditions and imperative for the future". J Exp Anal Behav. 93 (3): 293–312. doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.93-293. PMC 2861871. PMID 21119847.
- ↑ Tincani, Matt; Brodhead, Matthew T.; Dowdy, Art (2024-02-27). "ABA Promotes Autonomy and Choice of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities". Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities (in Turanci). doi:10.1007/s10882-024-09949-5. ISSN 1573-3580.
- ↑ Parry-Cruwys, Diana E.; MacDonald, Jacquelyn M.; Slaton, Jessica D.; Karsina, Allen; MacManus, Cormac (2024-04-10). "Strategies for Incorporating Compassionate Care in a Behavior Analysis Graduate Program". Behavior Analysis in Practice (in Turanci). doi:10.1007/s40617-024-00934-0. ISSN 2196-8934.
- ↑ Thorndike, E.L. (1911). "Provisional Laws of Acquired Behavior or Learning". Animal Intelligence. New York: The Macmillan Company.
- ↑ Wolpe, J. (1968). "Psychotheraphy by Reciprocal Inhibition". Conditional Reflex. 3 (4): 234–240. doi:10.1007/BF03000093. PMID 5712667. S2CID 46015274.
- ↑ Keehn, J.D; Webster, C.D (February 1969). "Behavior Therapy and Behavior Modification". The Canadian Psychologist. 10 (1): 68-73. doi:10.1037/h0082506.
- ↑ Leeder, Thomas M. (2022-05-04). "Behaviorism, Skinner, and Operant Conditioning: Considerations for Sport Coaching Practice". Strategies. 35 (3): 27–32. doi:10.1080/08924562.2022.2052776. ISSN 0892-4562.