Canjin makamashi
 Canjin makamashi | |
|---|---|
Manufar makamashi da social science concept (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | canji |
| Fuskar |
energy technology (en) |
| Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en) |
Sustainable Development Goal 7 (en) |
canjin makamashi (ko Canjin tsarin makamashi) babban canji ne na tsarin samar da makamashi da amfani a cikin tsarin makamasheya. A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da sauyawa zuwa Makamashi mai ɗorewa don iyakance canjin yanayi. Yawancin makamashi mai ɗorewa shine makamashi marar sabuntawa. Sabili da haka, wani lokaci don sauya makamashi shine sauya makamancin sabuntawa. Canjin na yanzu yana da niyyar rage hayakin iskar gas daga makamashi da sauri da kuma ci gaba, galibi ta hanyar saukar da man fetur da canza matakai da yawa yadda zai yiwu don aiki a kan karancin wutar lantarki.[1] Wataƙila sauyawar makamashi ta baya ta faru ne a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu daga shekara ta 1760 zuwa gaba, daga itace da sauran halittu zuwa kwal, sannan man fetur da iskar gas daga baya.[2][3]
Fiye da kashi uku na bukatun makamashi na ƙonawa da bukatun cigaban duniya, amma wannan amfani ya fitar da gas na gas. Abincin kuzari da Amfani suna da alhakin mafi yawan abubuwan da ɗan adam da ke haifar da iskar gas. [ Don haduwa da manufofin Paris a shekara ta 2015 akan canjin yanayi, dole ne a rage exerions da wuri-wuri da kuma isa ga yanar gizo-karni na tsakiyar karni. [3] Tun daga marigayi 2010s, canjin makamashi mai sabuntawa ya kuma faduwa da farashin rana da sauri da wutar lantarki. Bayan 2024, madaidaicin makamashi mai rahusa ne fiye da koyaushe. Farashin rana na duniya ya fadi kashi 35 da ƙasa da ƙasa da 100 cents / Kwh. Ev Batura ya ga mafi kyawun farashin su ragi a cikin shekaru bakwai. [4] Wata fa'idar canzawar makamashi ita ce yuwuwar rage yawan masana'antar makamashi. [5]
Ana amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin gine-gine, tare da famfo na zafi shine mafi kyawun fasaha.[4] Don inganta sassauci na grid na lantarki, shigar da ajiyar makamashi da manyan grid suna da mahimmanci don ba da damar amfani da fasahar canzawa, masu dogara da yanayi.[5] Koyaya tallafin burbushin burbushin halittu yana jinkirta canjin makamashi.[6][7]
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Canjin makamashi babban canji ne a cikin fasahohi da halayen da ake buƙata don maye gurbin tushen makamashi ɗaya da wani.[8]: 202-203 Babban misali shine canji daga tsarin masana'antu wanda ya dogara da kayan gargajiya, iska, ruwa da ƙarfin tsoka zuwa tsarin masana'antar da ke da alamun inji, ƙarfin tururi da amfani da kwal.
IPCC ba ta ayyana 'canji makamashi a cikin ƙamus na Rahoton Bincike na shida ba amma ta ayyana sauyawa kamar haka: "Tsarin canzawa daga wata jiha ko yanayi zuwa wani a cikin wani lokaci. Canjin zai iya faruwa a cikin mutane, kamfanoni, birane, yankuna da ƙasashe, kuma zai iya dogara da canji ko canji. "
Ci gaban kalmar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan rikicin man fetur a shekara ta 1973, 'yan siyasa da kafofin watsa labarai ne suka kirkiro kalmar canjin makamashi. Shugaban Amurka Jimmy Carter ne ya shahara a cikin jawabinsa na 1977 game da Kasa kan Makamashi, yana kira ga "duba baya cikin tarihi don fahimtar matsalar makamashi. Sau biyu a cikin daruruwan shekaru da suka gabata, an sami canji a hanyar da mutane ke amfani da makamashi ... Saboda yanzu muna gudu daga iskar gas da mai, dole ne mu shirya da sauri don canji na uku zuwa tsananin kiyayewa da sabuntawa na kwal da kuma tushen makamashi na dindindin kamar hasken rana. [9] Daga baya an sanya kalmar a duniya bayan girgi na biyu na 1979 a lokacin taron man fetur na Sabon makamashi da Sabon makamai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Sabon Makamashi na Sabon Sources na Sabon Hasken rana.i [10]
Daga shekarun 1990s, muhawara kan harkar makamashi sun ƙara ɗaukar musayar canjin canjin yanayi. Parties to the agreement committed "to limit global warming to "well below 2 °C, preferably 1.5 °C compared to pre-industrial levels".[15] This requires a rapid energy transition with a downshift of fossil fuel production to stay within the carbon emissions budget.[16]
A cikin wannan mahallin, kalmar canjin makamashi ta ƙunshi sake fasalin Manufofin makamashi. Wannan na iya nuna canji daga tsakiya zuwa rarraba ƙarni. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da ƙoƙari na maye gurbin yawan samarwa da amfani da makamashi mai gujewa tare da matakan adana makamashi da haɓaka inganci.[11]
Canjin tarihi daga itace da aka samar a cikin gida, ruwa da makamashi na iska zuwa burbushin halittu da makaman nukiliya da aka samar da su a duniya ya haifar da ci gaba a cikin buƙatun amfani ta hanyar fadada binciken injiniya, ilimi da daidaitawa. Hanyoyin canje-canjen tsarin duka sun haɗa da sabon horo a cikin Injiniyancin Canji tsakanin dukkan sana'o'in injiniya, 'yan kasuwa, masu bincike da malamai.
Koyaya an yi jayayya cewa kalmar kalma ce kawai kuma maimakon sauyawa, tun daga shekara ta 2024, amfani da dukkan nau'ikan makamashi na farko ya karu.
Misalan sauye-sauyen makamashi na baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hanyoyin tarihi game da sauye-sauyen makamashi na baya an tsara su ta manyan maganganu guda biyu. Ɗaya yana jayayya cewa bil'adama ya sami sauye-sauyen makamashi da yawa a baya, yayin da ɗayan ya ba da shawarar kalmar "ƙarin makamashi" kamar yadda ya fi nuna canje-canje a samar da makamashi na duniya a cikin ƙarni uku da suka gabata.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Tian, Jinfang; Yu, Longguang; Xue, Rui; Zhuang, Shan; Shan, Yuli (2022-02-01). "Global low-carbon energy transition in the post-COVID-19 era". Applied Energy (in Turanci). 307: 118205. Bibcode:2022ApEn..30718205T. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118205. ISSN 0306-2619. PMC 8610812 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34840400 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Davidsson, Simon (2015). "Global Energy Transitions" (PDF).
- ↑ Smil, Vaclav. "Energy Transitions" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
- ↑ "Are renewable heating options cost-competitive with fossil fuels in the residential sector?". IEA. 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ↑ Kök, A. Gürhan; Shang, Kevin; Yücel, Safak (23 January 2020). "Investments in Renewable and Conventional Energy: The Role of Operational Flexibility". Manufacturing & Service Operations Management. 22 (5): 925–941. doi:10.1287/msom.2019.0789. ISSN 1523-4614. S2CID 214122213.
- ↑ "Abolishing fossil fuel subsidies: a brain teaser rather than a no-brainer".
Reforming fossil fuel subsidies is a complex task for politicians. All in all, our study shows that abolishing fossil fuel subsidies is a no-brainer only for a limited number of subsidies. Abolishing inventoried fossil subsidies does not appear to help the energy transition in all cases. It is important to assess policies from the perspective of adequate pricing of climate damage and other externalities.
- ↑ Tripathi, Bhasker. "How fossil fuel subsidies are hurting the energy transition | Context". www.context.news (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Carter, Jimmy. "Address to the Nation on Energy". The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ↑ Basosi, Duccio (2020-03-20). "Lost in transition. The world's energy past, present and future at the 1981 United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy". Journal of Energy History. 4. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ↑ Louis Boisgibault, Fahad Al Kabbani (2020): Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts. Wiley - ISTE. (Energy series) ISBN 9781786304995.
- ↑ "Renewable energy explained". eia.gov. U.S. Energy Information Administration. April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023.
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, Appendix D.1, and Tables 1.3 an 10.1, April 2022, preliminary data for 2021. / Wood includes wood and wood waste; Renewables includes biofuels, geothermal, solar and wind.