Canjin yanayi a Bosnia da Herzegovina
 Canjin yanayi a Bosnia da Herzegovina | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | yanayi na halitta |
| Ƙasa | Herzegovina |
Yanayin Bosnia da Herzegovina ya ƙunshi yanayi daban-daban, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, alamun halitta da shimfidar wurare. Yanayin yanayi ya fito ne daga nahiyar,na teku, subtropical da Bahar Rum ta hanyar kasar. Yawancin Dinaric Alps suna cikin Bosnia da Herzegovina, mafi girman tsawo shine dutsen Maglic a mita 2,386 (7,828 ft), yayin da mafi ƙasƙanci shine Tekun Adriatic a kudancin ƙasar.[1] 42.8% na ƙasar an rufe shi da gandun daji masu yawa. Kasar tana da wadataccen albarkatun ruwa, kuma a wasu wurare, ana iya amfani da koguna da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ba tare da tacewa ba. Manyan koguna sune Drina, Neretva, Sava, Bosna da Una.[2] Muhimman wuraren shakatawa na kasa sun hada da Kozara National Park, Sutjeska National Park, da Una National Park, duk wuraren da aka kiyaye a kasa.
Biodiversity
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yawancin halittu na Bosnia da Herzegovina saboda dalilai da yawa, kamar bambancin nau'ikan ƙasa, bambancin dutse, bambancin yanayin yanayi, bambancin sararin samaniya da muhalli, bambancin geomorphologic da hydrological. Bambancin furanni yana nunawa a cikin adadi mai yawa na cyanophytes, algae da tsire-tsire na vascular. An gano nau'o'i 1,859 daga nau'o-nau'i 217 a cikin kungiyoyin cyanophytes da algae. Fiye da nau'o'in 450 da ƙananan nau'o-nau'in tsire-tsire masu jijiyoyi suna da iyaka yayin da fiye da nau'ikan nau'o" 5,000 daban-daban da ƙananan nauʼo'in tsirrai masu jijiyoyi, fiye da nauʼin kifi 100, an gano nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 320 a yankin.[3]
dazuzzuka da duwatsu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]dazuzzuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
dazuzzuka na Bosnia da Herzegovina sun bambanta a cikin nau'i: daga bakin tekun Bahar Rum zuwa gandun daji na tsaunuka a tsakiyar ƙasar. Ana samun gandun daji na Coniferous a cikin tsaunuka, gandun daji masu gauraye a cikin tsakiya da gandun daji mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa da filayen ambaliyar ruwa. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bambancin halittu da kariya ga mazauni da kuma samar da kayan gandun daji. Bambancin a cikin nau'ikan gandun daji yana nunawa a cikin kasancewar 9 daga cikin 13 na rukunin Hukumar Muhalli ta Turai. Wadanda suka hada da:
- Sashe na 4 - dazuzzukan itacen oak mai ƙwayoyin cuta
- Sashe na 5 - Dajin da ke cike da ganyayyaki
- Sashe na 6 - Dajin Beech
- Sashe na 7 - Dajin birki mai tsaunuka
- Sashe na 8 - Dajin da ke cike da zafi
- Sashe na 9 - Kudancin da ke da tsayi
- Sashe na 10 - dazuzzuka masu laushi na Bahar Rum, Anatolian da Macaronesian
- Sashe na 11 - Mire da gandun daji
- Sashe na 12 - Dajin Ambaliyar
Lalacewar da mutum ya haifar sakamakon rashin kulawa, yawan amfani, katako ba bisa ka'ida ba da gurɓata iska, da kuma gobarar daji sune manyan haɗari ga waɗannan gandun daji. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin girbi da sayar da katako, mai yiwuwa saboda amfani da masu zaman kansu da rashin tsarin da aka tsara don bin diddigin da bayar da rahoto na katako. Ana ɗaukar gandun daji a ƙarƙashin amfani idan aka yi la'akari da yankewa na shekara-shekara. Rashin ingancin amfani da ƙasa ya haifar da yakin 1990s; an kori jama'a kuma sun watsar da mazauninsu a cikin duwatsu, kuma manyan yankuna na ƙasashe har yanzu suna gurɓata da ma'adanai, wanda zai iya ɗaukar aƙalla shekaru 30 don tsaftacewa.[4]
Bosnia da Herzegovina suna da 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index na 5.99/10, suna sanya shi a matsayi na 89 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172.[5]
Duwatsu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daga cikin dukkan kasashe a Turai, Bosnia da Herzegovina suna da kashi na goma mafi yawan yankunan tsaunuka, bayan kasashe kamar Switzerland, Armenia da Georgia.[6] Trebević (1629 m, 5344 ft) yana sama da babban birnin Sarajevo . A lokacin rani, yana da sanyi sosai fiye da birni, yayin da a cikin hunturu, yana da sanyaya da dusar ƙanƙara. Shahararren wuri ne na tseren kankara. Yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai yawa wanda ke ba da birni. Sauran maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna ciyar da kogin Miljacka wanda ke gudana ta Sarajevo. Yankin kudancin dutsen yana fuskantar iska mai ƙarfi daga tsaunukan makwabta Treskavica da Bjelasnica. Rayuwar shuke-shuke galibi tana nan a ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka, waɗanda suka fi danshi da ni'ima fiye da saman. Dutsen ya rufe da gandun daji da kuma gandun daji masu zaman kansu. [7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Bosnia and Herzegovina - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ↑ "Briefing Paper: A Look at Water Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina" (PDF). OSCE Economic and Environmental Forum. 2007. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016 – via Wikiwaters.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ "European Environment Agency".
- ↑ "The Forest Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Preparation of IPARD Forests and Fisheries Sector Reviews in Bosnia and Herzegovina" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2015 – via European Union.
- ↑ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
- ↑ "Mountain Areas in Europe". European Environmental Agency.
- ↑ "Europe's Biodiversity - biological regions and seas". EEA Europe's Biodiversity, Alpine.