Canjin yanayi a Burtaniya
 Canjin yanayi a Burtaniya | |
|---|---|
climate change by country or territory (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | canjin yanayi |
| Ƙasa | Birtaniya |
Canjin yanayi yana shafar muhalli da yawan ɗan adam na Burtaniya (Birtaniya). Yanayin ƙasar yana ƙara ɗumama, tare da bushewar lokacin rani da damina. Yawaitu da tsananin guguwa, ambaliya, fari da zafi suna karuwa, kuma hawan teku yana shafar yankunan bakin teku. Ita ma Birtaniyya mai bayar da gudunmuwa ce ga sauyin yanayi, bayan da ta fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli ga kowane mutum fiye da matsakaicin duniya. Canjin yanayi yana da tasirin tattalin arziki akan Burtaniya kuma yana gabatar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da yanayin muhalli.[1]
Gwamnati ta himmatu wajen rage fitar da hayaki da kashi 50% na matakan 1990 nan da shekarar 2025 da kuma samar da sifili nan da 2050. A cikin 2020, Burtaniya ta tsara manufar rage 68% na hayaki nan da 2030 a cikin alkawurran da ta yi a cikin yarjejeniyar Paris. Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Burtaniya ta yi nasarar cimma burinta na rage fitar da iskar Carbon da kashi 50% na matakan 1990 kafin shekarar 2025, tare da sabbin abubuwa da ke samar da sama da kashi 40% na wutar lantarki a kasar. Kasar ta kawar da makamashin kwal a shekarar 2024. Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta shafi sauyin yanayi a shekara ta 2006 da 2008, wanda shi ne karo na farko da gwamnati ta ba da umarnin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. An kafa Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Burtaniya a cikin 2000 kuma Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi yana ba da shawarar manufofi game da abubuwan da za a rage. A cikin 2019, Majalisar ta ayyana 'taɓawar canjin yanayi'.[2] Birtaniya ta yi fice a hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa kan sauyin yanayi, ciki har da tarukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma lokacin kungiyar Tarayyar Turai.
'Yan siyasar Burtaniya sun tattauna batun sauyin yanayi tun daga karshen karni na 20, amma ya ja hankalin siyasa, jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai a Burtaniya tun daga shekarun 2000. Kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a na nuna damuwa a tsakanin yawancin 'yan Birtaniyya. Iyalan gidan sarautar Birtaniyya su ma sun ba da fifiko kan batun, inda Sarki Charles III ya yi furuci da “game da sauyin yanayi, gurbatar yanayi da sare itatuwa” a cikin “shekaru 50 da suka gabata”[3]. An gudanar da shirye-shiryen fafutukar sauyin yanayi daban-daban a Burtaniya.
Tushen gas na Greenhouse
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zazzabi da canjin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jerin zafin jiki na Tsakiyar Ingila, da aka yi rikodin tun 1659 a cikin Midlands, yana nuna haɓakar yanayin zafi da aka gani, daidai da canjin yanayi na ɗan adam maimakon canjin yanayi na yanayi da canji. A cewar ofishin na Met, sauyin yanayi zai shafi yanayin Burtaniya tare da zafi da damina da lokacin zafi da bushewa. Plumes Mutanen Espanya za su ci gaba amma suna kawo ƙarin yanayi mai tsanani kamar yanayin zafi mai zafi da kuma tsawa lokacin rani.
A shekara ta 2014, Burtaniya bakwai mafi zafi da 4 cikin shekaru 5 mafi ruwan sanyi sun faru tsakanin shekarun 2000-2014. Maɗaukakin yanayin zafi yana ƙara ƙazanta da sakamakon haka ruwan sama. A cikin 2014, Ingila ta rubuta lokacin sanyi mafi sanyi a cikin shekaru sama da 250 tare da ambaliyar ruwa.[4]
A wasu sassan kudu maso gabashin Burtaniya, zafin rana a cikin mafi zafi na shekara ya karu da 1 ° C a kowace shekaru goma a cikin shekarun 1960-2019. An yi rikodin yanayin zafi mafi girma da aka taɓa yin rikodin a cikin United Kingdom a cikin 2022 a Coningsby a 40.3 ° C (104.5 ° F).[31] A cikin 2020, yuwuwar kaiwa ga zafin jiki sama da 40 ° C (104 °F) yayi ƙasa, amma sun ninka sau 10 fiye da yanayin da ba tare da kasancewar ɗan adam ba. A cikin yanayin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin fitar da hayaki, a ƙarshen ƙarni, zai faru a kowace shekara 15 kuma a cikin yanayin hayaƙi mai yawa a kowace shekara 3-4. Lokacin zafi mai zafi sama da 35 ° C (95 ° F) yana faruwa a Burtaniya a kowace shekara 5, amma zai faru kusan kowace shekara a yanayin fitar da hayaki nan da 2100.
Matsalolin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ofishin Met ya bayyana cewa mafi yawan lokuta da matsanancin matsanancin yanayi zai shafi Burtaniya saboda sauyin yanayi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2022". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ↑ UK Parliament declares climate emergency". 1 May 2019. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2019
- ↑ Osaka, Shannon (13 September 2022). "The many paradoxes of Charles III as 'climate king'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ↑ "2014 on track to be England's hottest year in over three centuries". The Guardian. 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.