Canjin yanayi a Illinois
Canjin yanayi a Illinois ya ƙunshi tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda aka danganta da karuwar mutum a cikin carbon dioxide na yanayi, a cikin jihar Illinois ta Amurka.
Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton [1] cewa yanayin Illinois yana canzawa. A cewar wani rahoto na 2016, Illinois ta riga ta fuskanci tasirin canjin yanayi, gami da dumama kusan digiri daya na Fahrenheit (kimanin digiri 0.6 na Celsius), ambaliyar ruwa da yawa da kuma samar da kankara daga baya a kan Great Lakes, da kuma narkewa a baya. Wannan labarin ya lura cewa a nan gaba, Illinois na iya fuskantar haɗari mafi girma daga Canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar, gami da hazo mai yawa da ambaliyar ruwa mafi girma, manyan furanni a Tafkin Michigan, lokacin girma mai tsawo, amma yanayin zafi mafi girma, wanda zai rage fa'idodin lokacin da ya fi tsayi, matakan ozone na ƙasa, da ƙarin kwanaki tare da yanayin zafi sama da 95 °F (35 °C) ° F (35 ° C).
A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2019, Gwamna J.B. Pritzker ya yi alkawarin Illinois ta shiga kungiyar Climate Alliance ta Amurka.[2] A cikin 2021, Majalisar Dokokin Illinois ta zartar da Dokar Yanayi da Ayyuka na Daidaitawa, wanda Pritzker ya sanya hannu a cikin doka a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2021. [3][4]
Canje-canje a cikin yanayin Illinois
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Yanayin zafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dangane da rahoton 2021 daga The Nature Conservancy, matsakaicin zafin rana a Illinois ya karu da 1 zuwa 2 ° C) akan matsakaicin tarihi a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Bugu da ƙari, mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi na dare yana tashi da sauri fiye da yanayin zafi na rana.[5]
Ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Illinois ta ga karuwar 10-20% a cikin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara akan matsakaicin tarihi a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Wannan karuwar hazo yana faruwa mafi yawa a cikin Fall.[5] Bugu da ƙari, an sami karuwar kashi 40% a cikin yawan kwanaki tare da hazo na inci 2 (5.1 ko fiye. Abubuwan da suka fi faruwa akai-akai na ruwan sama sune sakamakon canjin yanayi.[6]
A tarihi, matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara ya kasance daga kimanin inci 10 (25 a kudancin Illinois zuwa inci 40 (100 a arewacin Illinois. Canjin yawan dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara bai nuna wani abu ba, tare da shekaru suna da girma ko ƙasa da matsakaici. Koyaya, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara za ta iya faɗuwa ya ragu da kusan makonni biyu tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1970.[5]
Abubuwan ambaliyar ruwa sun karu da yawa a duk hanyoyin ruwa na Illinois, saboda matakan sama na hazo. Wannan matsala ta kara tsanantawa ta hanyar ci gaban birane da tsufa.[5]
Illinois ta ga raguwar fari a kan matsakaicin tarihi, saboda matakan hazo mafi girma.[5]
Tsinkaya don canjin yanayi a Illinois
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yanayin zafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana sa ran zafin jiki a Illinois zai tashi a cikin karni na 2. Adadin karuwa ya dogara da yawan mutanen da ke rage hayakin CO2. Idan mutane suka ci gaba da fitarwa a matakan yanzu, karuwar za ta kasance tsakanin 8 da 14 ° F (4.4 da 7.8 ° C). Idan aka rage hayaki, hauhawar za ta kasance tsakanin 4 da 9 ° F (2.2 da 5.0 ° C). [7]
Ƙarin matakan carbon dioxide na yanayi da kuma lokacin girma mai tsawo na iya amfana da amfanin gona a nan gaba, amma waɗannan fa'idodi na iya zama masu sauƙi ta hanyar raguwar amfanin gona. Masara da yiwuwar wake na soya, waɗanda sune amfanin gona guda biyu a Illinois, suna iya fuskantar raguwar amfanin gona a nan gaba.[1]
A cikin tarihin 1910-1960, arewacin Illinois ya sami kwanaki 1-2 tare da yanayin zafi sama da 95 °F (35 °C) ° F (35 ° C). Abin sha'awa, wannan adadi zai kasance mai ɗorewa na shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, saboda karuwar tururin ruwa a cikin iska.[8] Ruwa yana da babban ƙarfin zafi, don haka zai shawo kan zafi mai yawa ba tare da ɗaga zafin iska ba. Koyaya, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 21, yawan kwanakin da ke ganin yanayin zafi sama da wannan ƙofar ana hasashen ya zama 25 zuwa 90 idan hayaki mafi girma ya ci gaba. Misalai tare da ƙananan hayaki suna nuna karuwa zuwa kwanaki 10 zuwa 60 ta hanyar 2090 . [8]
Ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa
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Tsakanin shekarun 1999 da 2019, arewacin Illinois ya sami matsakaicin inci 35 (89 na ruwan sama. A karkashin yanayin hayaki mai yawa, ana sa ran wannan matakin zai karu zuwa inci 42. Yanayin low fitarwa yana iyakance karuwar zuwa inci 40. A tsakiyar Illinois, ana sa ran ruwan sama zai karu daga inci 37 a shekara zuwa inci 42 ko 45 a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin ko ƙarancin hayaki, bi da bi. Kudancin Illinois ana sa ran ganin karuwa daga inci 43 a halin yanzu zuwa 48 ko 52 a ƙarƙashin yanayin fitarwa daban-daban. Ana sa ran ruwan sama zai fadi a lokacin rani a duk fadin jihar, yayin da zai karu a lokacin bazara. Ana sa ran raguwar ruwan sama na lokacin rani zai kara fari a cikin waɗannan watanni, yana tasiri ga amfanin gona.[7] Bugu da ƙari, fari na iya ƙuntata tashoshin kewayawa a kan Kogin Mississippi, Illinois da Ohio. Rundunar Injiniyoyi ta Sojoji ta kiyasta cewa fari a shekarar 2012 ya kashe yankin dala miliyan 275.[1]
Ruwan sama kuma zai karu da zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da karin fure na algae, wanda ke rage ingancin ruwa. Karin ambaliyar ruwa zai kara yawan fure na algae, tunda ruwan taki na birane da na karkara yana ciyar da algae.[7] Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin Great Lakes, saboda suna wakiltar mahimman ruwa mai kyau ga miliyoyin mutane a Amurka da Kanada.[5]
Ambaliyar ruwa za ta haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona da ababen more rayuwa a kusa da koguna a Illinois. Ambaliyar ruwa a Illinois a cikin 2011 ta rufe hanyoyin ruwa na Mississippi da Ohio. Ambaliyar ruwa daga wannan lamarin ta haifar da kimanin dala miliyan 360 ga lalacewa a cikin amfanin gona da ababen more rayuwa.[1]
Tasirin lafiyar ɗan adam
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Yanayin zafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yanayin zafi mafi girma zai samar da karin raƙuman zafi kamar raƙuman zafin Chicago na 1995.[9] A cewar Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa, zafi shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi.[10] Karin zafin jiki yana da haɗari musamman a biranen kamar Chicago, waɗanda ke fuskantar Tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane. Ruwa mai zafi na gaba zai samar da irin wannan sakamako ga raƙuman zafi na 1995, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa. Wadannan mutuwar za su faru akai-akai ga tsofaffi da waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kuɗi, saboda yawanci suna da ƙaranci damar samun iska mai sanyaya da kuma mafi girman matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar asma.[11]
Yanayin iska mafi girma kuma yana haifar da matakan ozone na ƙasa da ƙananan barbashi da aka dakatar a cikin iska. Wadannan nau'ikan barbashi suna haifar da hare-haren asma. Bugu da ƙari, canza yanayin a Illinois zai canza nau'ikan allergens da ke cikin iska. An kuma nuna cewa yana tsawaita lokacin ga wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyan, kamar ragweed.[12]
Ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da ke da tsarin tarkace na birni suna haifar da ruwa mai laushi don gudana cikin ruwa. Wannan na iya haifar da hauhawar zawo a cikin yara. Hakanan yana iya haifar da adadi mafi girma na sauro, wanda ke ɗauke da cututtuka kamar West Nile Virus . [7]
Kokarin Rage Canjin Yanayi a Illinois
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_Office_of_Surface_Mining,_Reclamation,_and_Enforcement_staff_(working_at_site_of_abandoned_coal_mine,_the_Horse_Creek_Mine,_near_Pinckneyville,_-_DPLA_-_801ab4a6fe156fe7c0b4de926dbfb3e1.JPG)
Dokar Yanayi da Ayyuka na Daidaitawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2021, Gwamna J.B. Pritzker ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Yanayi da Ayyuka na Daidaitawa, [3] wanda ke ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa don rage gudummawar Illinois ga canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar: [4]
- Canjin samar da wutar lantarki ta Illinois zuwa 100% mai tsabta ta hanyar buƙatar 40% na duk wutar lantarki don zuwa daga albarkatun sabuntawa kuma duk sauran masana'antun samar da man fetur sun zama tsaka-tsaki na carbon nan da 2050
- Yana ƙarfafa ci gaban bangaren aikin makamashi na Illinois kuma yana saka hannun jari a shirye-shiryen sake horar da ma'aikatan da sauyawa daga man fetur
- Ya kafa sabbin dokokin kariya ga masu amfani game da kayan aiki
- Yana ƙarfafa sauyawa zuwa yaduwar amfani da motocin lantarki
- Yana fadada dokokin ɗabi'a ga masu amfani da kayan aiki da 'yan siyasa
- Canje-canje yadda kayan aiki zasu iya caji don wutar lantarki
Rage tsibirin zafi na birane na Chicago
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shirin Itacen Yankin Chicago [13] ya yi aiki don rage tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane a Birnin Chicago da kewayen kewayen. Wannan ƙoƙari ya haɗa da taswirar tsibirin zafi na birane da kuma gano waɗanne yankuna suke buƙatar ƙara yawan bishiyoyi na gida.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin jihohin Amurka da yankuna ta hanyar hayakin carbon dioxide
- Motocin lantarki a cikin Illinois
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 "What Climate Change Means for Illinois" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016.
- ↑ Igusky, Kristin (January 23, 2019). "Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker Joins U.S. Climate Alliance".
- 1 2 "Climate and Equitable Jobs Act" (PDF). September 9, 2021.
- 1 2 "Gov. Pritzker Signs Transformative Legislation Establishing Illinois as a National Leader on Climate Action". September 15, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wuebbles, Donald; Angel, James; Petersen, Karen; Lemke, Maria (2021). "An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change in Illinois" (PDF).
- ↑ "Climate Change Indicators: Heavy Precipitation". August 1, 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 Ford, Trent (2021). "Climate Change: Impacts and Costs to Illinois Communities".
- 1 2 Wuebbles, Donald; Angel, James; Petersen, Karen; Lemke, Maria (2021). "An Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change in Illinois" (PDF).
- ↑ "1995 Heat Wave". Retrieved March 30, 2023.
- ↑ National Weather Service. "Heat Safety Tips and Resources". Retrieved March 30, 2023.
- ↑ "What Climate Change Means for Illinois" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016.
- ↑ "Climate Impacts on Human Health". City of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2025-06-13. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "Chicago Region Trees Initiative". Chicago Region Trees Initiative. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
Ƙarin karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- - wannan babi na Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa ya rufe jihohin Midwest (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, da Wisconsin).