Canjin yanayi a Louisiana
Canjin yanayi a Louisiana ya ƙunshi tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda aka danganta da karuwar mutum a cikin carbon dioxide na yanayi, a cikin jihar Louisiana ta Amurka.
Bincike ya nuna cewa Louisiana tana daga cikin jerin jihohin "Deep South" waɗanda za su fuskanci mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi. A cewar Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA), "[I]n cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Louisiana za ta zama mai dumi, kuma ambaliyar ruwa da fari na iya zama mafi tsanani. Ba kamar yawancin al'ummar ba, Louisiana ba ta zama mai zafi a cikin ƙarni da ya gabata. Amma ƙasa ta zama mai bushe, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya karu, ruwan sama da yawa yana zuwa cikin ruwan sama mai tsanani, kuma matakin teku yana ƙaruwa. " Canjin yanayi yana iya ƙara lalacewa daga ambaliyar ambaliyar ƙasa, rage ambaliyar gona da cutarwa, kuma cutar zafi, ƙara yawan cututtukan zafi-ƙumi da ke da ke da cutar zafi. "[i][1]
Ana sa ran Louisiana za ta zama shafin da ke fuskantar ƙalubalen 'yan gudun hijira na yanayi, saboda asarar bakin teku, sauya yanayin muhalli wanda ke sa yanayin halittu na bakin teku ba sauƙin zama ba, da kuma raguwar tattalin arzikin masana'antu a wannan yanayin.[2]
A cikin 2021, Louisiana ta sami tasiri mai yawa daga Guguwar Ida, wanda aka lura da cewa yana da halaye waɗanda tabbas sun fi dacewa a cikin Yanayi mai zafi: tsananin, saurin karuwa, da yawan ruwan sama a ƙasa.[3]
Tekuna masu tasowa da bakin teku masu janyewa
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A cewar EPA: "Hawan matakin teku na iya hanzarta lalacewar bakin teku da aka haifar a yau ta hanyar nutsewar ƙasa da ayyukan ɗan adam. Rashin da ke wankewa a cikin Kogin Mississippi ya haifar da kogin delta wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan kogin Louisiana a hankali, don haka ƙasar tana nutsewa kusan inci ɗaya a kowace shekara uku. [1] A tarihi, kogin zai cika bankunan kuma ya ba da damar ƙasa don ci gaba da tafiya tare da hauhawar matakin teku da yanayin delta ya nutse.
EPA ta ci gaba da bayar da rahoto: "Idan yanayin zafi ya ci gaba da dumi, matakin teku zai iya tashi daga ƙafa ɗaya zuwa uku a cikin ƙarni na gaba. Hawan matakin teku yana da tasiri iri ɗaya da nutsewar ƙasa, don haka sauyin yanayi na iya hanzarta lalacewar bakin teku da asarar ƙasa. Gwamnatocin Tarayya, jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi suna da ayyukan ci gaba don jinkirta asarar ƙasa a Louisiana, amma idan teku ta tashi da sauri a nan gaba, waɗannan ƙoƙarin za su zama da wuya".[1]
Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi
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A cewar EPA, "guguwa na wurare masu zafi da guguwa sun zama mafi tsanani a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Kodayake teku mai zafi yana ba da waɗannan guguwa ƙarin makamashi, masana kimiyya ba su da tabbacin ko karuwar da ta gabata tana nuna yanayin dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, saurin iska na guguwa da yawan ruwan sama na iya ƙaruwa yayin da yanayin ke ci gaba da dumi. " [1] Dangane da Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa na Biyar da aka buga a 2023, jihohin bakin teku ciki har da California, Florida, Louisiana, da Texas suna fuskantar "mafi mahimman guguwa da matsanancin sauyawa a cikin hazo".
Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan guguwa na wurare masu zafi, sun riga sun kara lalacewa ga biranen kamar New Orleans, wanda ke haifar da ƙaurawar yanayi. Misali, New Orleans tana da mutane 60,000 da suka ragu fiye da yadda ta yi kafin Guguwar Katrina.[2]
Karin ambaliyar ruwa
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"Ko guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta zama mafi yawa, hauhawar matakin teku yana sa yankunan da ke ƙasa su fi fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa. Yawancin hanyoyin bakin teku, layin dogo, filayen jirgin sama, da wuraren mai da iskar gas suna da rauni ga tasirin guguwa da hauhawar matakin teku. Louisiana tana da matukar damuwa, saboda yawancin New Orleans da sauran yankunan da ke da mazauna suna ƙasa da matakin teku, ana kiyaye su da magudanar ruwa da tsarin famfo wanda ke cire ruwan sama, wanda ba zai iya zubar da ruwa ba. Tare da matakin teku mafi girma, ana iya mamaye waɗannan madatsun ruwa cikin sauƙi a lokacin guguwa.
Ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani na iya rushe tattalin arzikin birni ta hanyar sa mutane su tafi, wanda ya faru bayan Guguwar Katrina a New Orleans. Babban haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa yana iya ƙara yawan inshorar ambaliyar. " [1]
EPA ta lura cewa "canjin yanayi na iya kara haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa. Tun daga shekara ta 1958, yawan ruwan sama da ke fadowa a lokacin ruwan sama mai tsanani ya karu da kashi 27 cikin dari a kudu maso gabas, kuma yanayin da ke zuwa ga ruwan sama mai ƙarfi zai iya ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari, yawan ruwan sama a Midwest yana iya ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya kara ambaliyar a Louisiana, saboda yawancin Midwest yana cikin Kogin Mississippi. " [1]
EPA ta ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa "Port of New Orleans yana da rauni ga ambaliyar kogi wanda ya rufe zirga-zirga a kan Kogin Mississippi, da kuma guguwar bakin teku da za ta iya ambaliya tashar jiragen ruwa. A cikin 2011, matakan ruwa masu yawa a kan Kogun Mississippi sun jagoranci Sojojin Amurka don karkatar da ruwa ta hanyar Morganza Spillway zuwa Kogin Atchafalaya don hana ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a kan Atcha Rouge da New Orleans.[1]
Aikin noma, gandun daji, da kamun kifi
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A cewar EPA, "canjin yanayi zai haifar da sakamako mai cutarwa da fa'ida ga noma. Shekaru saba'in daga yanzu, Louisiana na iya samun kwanaki 35 zuwa 70 tare da yanayin zafi sama da 95 ° F, idan aka kwatanta da kimanin kwanaki 15 a yau. Ko da a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, lokacin rani mai zafi zai iya rage amfanin masara da shinkafa. Amma mafi girman maida hankali na carbon dioxide na yanayi yana ƙara amfanin gona, kuma wannan tasirin taki na iya rage tasirin zafi a kan soya da auduga - idan akwai isasshen ruwa. A gonaki ba tare da ban ruwa ba, duk da haka, ƙarancin fari mai tsanani na iya haifar da ƙarin gazawar amfanin gona.
Yawan zafin jiki mai girma zai iya rage yawan amfanin dabbobi, saboda damuwa ta zafi tana rushe metabolism na dabbobi. Yanayin zafi mafi girma da canje-canje a cikin ruwan sama ba zai iya rage yawan gandun daji a Louisiana ba, kodayake abun da ke cikin bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji na iya canzawa. Ƙarin fari zai rage yawan amfanin gandun daji, kuma canjin yanayi zai iya ƙara lalacewar kwari da cututtuka. Amma lokutan girma masu tsawo da karuwar maida hankali ga carbon dioxide na iya rage asarar daga waɗancan abubuwan. dazuzzuka sun rufe kusan rabin jihar, tare da gandun daji na loblolly-shortleaf pine mafi yawanci a waje da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Canjin yanayi na iya haifar da itatuwan loblolly da shortleaf pine don ba da damar gandun daji na oak-pine. " [4]
EPA ta ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa "hawan matakin teku da yanayin zafi mafi girma suna barazana ga kamun kifi na Louisiana. Yankunan bakin teku suna da mafi yawan ƙasar da jihar ke rasawa. Waɗannan wuraren da ke tallafawa shrimp, oyster, crab, crawfish, menhaden, da sauran kamun kiɗa-kimanin kashi 75 cikin dari na jimlar kamun kifin kasuwanci na jihar".[1]
Oysters da shrimp suna da hankali ga yanayin yanayi mai tsanani saboda bukatun su na zafin jiki na ruwa da salinity.[5] Canje-canje a cikin rarraba shrimp sun shafi kai tsaye al'ummar shrimping na Vietnamese.[6]
EPA ta kuma lura cewa "hawan yanayin zafi na iya cutar da kifi ta hanyar rage matakan iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, inganta cututtukan algae masu cutarwa, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauran abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga cututtuka a cikin ruwan bakin teku".[1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin jihohin Amurka da yankuna ta hanyar hayakin carbon dioxide
- Motocin lantarki a Louisiana
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙarin karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- - wannan babi na Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa ya rufe jihohin Kudu maso Gabas (Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana).
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "What Climate Change Means for Louisiana" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. August 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 McDonnell, Tim. "Louisiana's population is already moving to escape climate catastrophe". Quartz (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-09-18.
- ↑ Gibbens, Sarah (August 31, 2021). "How climate change is fueling hurricanes like Ida". National Geographic. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
- ↑ "What Climate Change Means for Louisiana" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. August 2016.
- ↑ Buchanan, Susan (18 February 2019). "Climate change hurts Louisiana's oysters and shrimp". Louisiana Weekly. Archived from the original on 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ↑ Wist, Allie (2019-11-13). "How Louisiana's Vietnamese Shrimpers Are Adapting to Climate Change". Saveur (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-11-13. Retrieved 2019-11-13.