Canjin yanayi a Turai

Canjin yanayi a Turai
climate change by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Yanayin yanayi na Turai
Fuskar	canjin yanayi da Turai
Nahiya	Turai
Has cause (en)	Gurɓacewa, Gandun daji da wildfire (en)
Yana haddasa	zafi
Wuri
48°41′27″N 9°08′26″E

Haɓaka matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara (2000-2017) sama da matsakaicin karni na 20 a cikin biranen da aka zaɓa a Turai

Canjin yanayi ya haifar da karuwar zafin jiki na 2.3 ° C (4.14 ° F) (2022) a Turai idan aka kwatanta da matakan masana'antu. Turai ita ce nahiyar da ta fi saurin dumama a duniya. Yanayin Turai yana karuwa saboda aikin ɗan adam. A cewar masana kan yanayi na kasa da kasa, hauhawar zafin jiki na duniya bai kamata ya wuce 2 ° C ba don hana mafi haɗari Sakamakon Canjin yanayi; ba tare da rage fitar da iskar gas ba, wannan na iya faruwa kafin 2050 . Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri ga dukkan yankuna na Turai, tare da girman da yanayin tasirin da ya bambanta a duk faɗin nahiyar.  

Tasirin a kan kasashen Turai sun hada da yanayin zafi da karuwar mitar da tsananin yanayi mai tsanani kamar raƙuman zafi, suna kawo haɗarin kiwon lafiya da tasirin yanayin halittu. Kasashen Turai sune manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga hayakin gas na duniya, kodayake Tarayyar Turai da gwamnatocin kasashe da yawa sun tsara shirye-shiryen aiwatar da sauye-sauyen sauyin yanayi da sauyin makamashi a karni na 21, European Green Deal yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan.

Ra'ayin jama'a a Turai ya nuna damuwa game da canjin yanayi; a cikin Binciken Yanayi na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na 2020, 90% na Turawa sun yi imanin cewa yaransu za su fuskanci tasirin canjin yanayi a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun. Yunkurin canjin yanayi da kasuwancin da ke canza ayyukansu sun faru a Turai.

Rashin iskar gas

Ci gaban hayaki na CO₂ a cikin Tarayyar Turai.

CO₂ fitarwa ga kowane mutum a cikin Tarayyar Turai.

  Rahoton Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai (EEA) ta ₂ ya rubuta hayakin gas mai guba (GHG) tsakanin 1990 da 2014 ga kasashe membobin EU-28 ta bangaren IPCC. Jimlar hayakin gas din ya ragu da kashi 24% tsakanin 1990 da 2014, amma hayakin sufuri na hanya ya karu da kashi 17%. Motoci, vans, da manyan motoci sun sami karuwar karuwar CO2 na kowane bangare a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata, yana ƙaruwa da 124 Mt. Jirgin sama kuma ya karu da 93 Mt a wannan lokacin, karuwar 82% mai yawa.  

A cikin 2019 hayakin Tarayyar Turai ya kai 3.3 Gt (3.3 biliyan ton), 80% daga cikinsu daga burbushin burbushin halittu ne.

A cikin ₂, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da wata doka mai mahimmanci da ta kafa manufofin GHG don 2050. Dokar tana da niyyar cimma tsaka-tsaki na carbon kuma, bayan 2050, mummunan hayaki kuma yana shirya hanyar sake fasalin manufofi a Tarayyar Turai. A karkashin doka, Tarayyar Turai dole ne ta yi aiki don rage fitar da GHG da akalla 55% nan da 2030 (idan aka kwatanta da 1990). Dokar ta kafa iyaka na 225 Mt na CO2 daidai da gudummawar cirewa ga manufa. A cewar dan majalisa na Sweden Jytte Guteland, dokar za ta ba da damar Turai ta zama nahiyar farko mai tsaka-tsaki da carbon a shekara ta 2050.

A cikin 2023, fitar da iskar gas ta EU ta fadi da kashi 8.3% - mafi girma tun lokacin da cutar ta haifar da raguwar kashi 9.8% ta 2020. Kashi yanzu yana da kashi 37% a ƙasa da matakan 1990, yayin da GDP ya karu da kashi 68%, yana nuna raguwar hayaki daga ci gaban tattalin arziki. A cewar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Tarayyar Tarayyar ta kasance a kan hanya don cimma burinta na 2030 na rage hayaki da kashi 55%.

Amfani da makamashi

Karfe

The coal consumption in Europe was 7,239 terawatt-hours (26,060 PJ) in 1985 and has fallen to 2,611 TWh (9,400 PJ) in 2020. The coal consumption in the EU was 5,126 TWh (18,450 PJ) in 1985 and has fallen to 1,624 TWh (5,850 PJ) in 2020. The height of CO₂ emissions from coal in Europe were in 1987 with 3.31 billion tonnes, and in 2019 with 1.36 billion tonnes.

Russia had the most CO₂ emissions from coal in Europe in 2019 (395.03 Mt), Germany had the second most CO₂ emissions from coal in Europe (235.7 Mt). Iceland's CO₂ emissions from coal grew 151%, Turkey's CO₂ emissions from coal grew 131% between and Montenegro CO₂ emissions from coal grew 13% between 1990 and 2019, the rest of the European countries had a decrease in coal consumption in that period of time.

Daga 2012 zuwa 2018 a cikin kwal na EU ya fadi da kusan 50 TWh (180 PJ) , idan aka kwatanta da hauhawar 30 TWh (110 PJ) a cikin wutar lantarki da samar da 30 TWh (110 PJ) da hauhawa na 110 PJ-30 TWh a cikin samar da gas. Sauran 10 TWh (36 PJ) sun rufe karamin karuwar tsarin amfani da wutar lantarki. A cikin 2019 ƙarni na kwal zai kasance kusan 12% na fitar da iskar gas mai guba ta EU ta 2019.