Canjin yanayi a Wyoming

 

Wutar Cliff Creek, 2016

A ga kowane mutum, Wyoming yana fitar da carbon dioxide fiye da kowane jiha ko kowace ƙasa: fam 276,000 (125,000 na kowane mutum a shekara, saboda ƙone kwal, wanda ke samar da kusan dukkanin wutar lantarki na jihar.

A cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe, matsakaicin zafin jiki a Laramie, Wyoming, ya karu da 1.5 ° F (0.8 ° C).   

Over the course of the 21st century, climate in Wyoming may change even more. For example, based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and results from the United Kingdom Hadley Centre’s climate model (HadCM2), a model that accounts for both greenhouse gases and aerosols, by 2100 temperatures in Wyoming could increase by 4 °F (2 °C) in spring and fall (with a range of 2-7 °F), 5 °F (2.5 °C) in summer (with a range of 2-8 °F), and 6 °F (3 °C) in winter (with a range of 3-11 °F) . Precipitation is estimated to decrease slightly in summer (with a range of 0-10%), increase by 10% in spring and fall (with a range of 5-20%), and increase by 30% in winter (with a range of 10-50%). Other climate models may show different results, especially regarding estimated changes in precipitation. The amount of precipitation on extreme wet or snowy days in winter is likely to increase. The frequency of extreme hot days in summer would increase because of the general warming trend. It is not clear how the severity of storms might be affected, although an increase in the frequency and intensity of winter storms is possible.

Tasirin

Lafiyar ɗan adam

Rashin gurɓataccen hayaki daga gobarar Cliff Creek, Bondurant

Ginin iska

Warmer temperatures could increase the incidence of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases in Wyoming, because populations of ticks, and their rodent hosts, could increase under warmer temperatures and increased vegetation. Increased runoff from heavy rainfall could increase water-borne diseases such as giardia, cryptosporidia, and viral and bacterial gastroenteritis.

Ma'adanai na ruwa

Ruwan koguna da yawa sun samo asali ne a Wyoming kuma suna gudana a kowane bangare zuwa cikin kogin Missouri, Snake, da Colorado. A cikin jihar, ruwa yana da yawa a wasu sassan kuma yana da ƙarancin a wasu.

Tattara dusar ƙanƙara ta hunturu da narkewar dusar ƙara ta bazara suna shafar koguna da yawa na Wyoming. Yanayin zafi na iya haifar da karancin dusar ƙanƙara ta hunturu, ruwan sama na hunturu, da sauri, dusar ƙara ta farko. A lokacin rani, ba tare da karuwar ruwan sama na akalla 15-20%, yanayin zafi mafi girma da karuwar evaporation na iya rage raƙuman ruwa da matakan tafkin ba. Rashin ruwa zai kasance don tallafawa ban ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, samar da ruwa na jama'a, kifi da mazaunin namun daji, nishaɗi, da hakar ma'adinai.

Gasar don ruwa na iya ƙaruwa a filayen, inda masu amfani da aikin gona da masana'antu ke gasa don ruwan da ke akwai. Hakazalika, a arewa maso gabashin Wyoming, wanda ke da manyan ajiyar ma'adanai, kwal, da man fetur, gasa tsakanin hakar ma'adinai, makamashi, da sauran masu amfani na iya ƙaruwa don ƙananan ruwan bazara.

Matakan ruwa na kasa a yankuna da yawa na jihar suna raguwa saboda karuwar famfo don ban ruwa da ci gaban birane. Rashin caji na bazara da na rani na iya rage matakan ruwa na ƙasa.

Yawon shakatawa da nishaɗi, muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tattalin arzikin Wyoming, suma sun dogara da isasshen ruwa mai tsabta.

Higher temperatures and lower flows could impair water quality by concentrating pollutants and reducing assimilative capacity.

Aikin noma

Yanayin zafi da karancin danshi na ƙasa saboda karuwar evaporation na iya kara bukatar ban ruwa. Koyaya, waɗannan yanayi iri ɗaya na iya rage samar da ruwa, wanda kuma yanayin halittu na halitta, yawan birane, masana'antu, da sauran masu amfani zasu iya buƙata.

Under these conditions, livestock tend to gain less weight and pasture yields decline, limiting forage.

Dazuzzuka

  Tare da canje-canjen yanayi, girman wuraren dazuzzuka a Wyoming na iya canzawa kaɗan ko raguwa da kusan 15-30%. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Tsananin zafi, bushewar yanayi na iya ƙara mita da ƙarfin wutar daji, yana barazana ga dukiyoyi da dazuzzuka. Yanayin bushewa zai rage kewayon da lafiyar ponderosa da gandun daji na lodgepole, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin wuta. Ƙasar ciyawa da kiwo na iya faɗaɗa zuwa yankunan dazuzzuka a baya a yammacin jihar. Lokacin sanyi na iya ƙara yuwuwar barkewar kwari da kuma gobarar daji a cikin matattun man da aka bari bayan irin wannan barkewar. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Tsarin halittu

  Tun bayan babbar gobarar da ta faru a shekarar 1988, lokacin da kusan rabin filin shakatawa na Yellowstone ya ƙone, masana kimiyya suna mai da hankali sosai ga yiwuwar barazanar canjin yanayi. Masana sun yarda cewa gobarar ta 1988 ta zo ne sakamakon fari na hunturu, lokacin rani mai zafi, da iska mai karfi. Har ila yau, muhimmancin su ne manyan wuraren da ke cin wuta sosai, tsohuwar gandun daji na lodgepole pine.

A karGashi yanayi na al'ada, manyan gobara kamar na 1988 suna faruwa sau ɗaya kawai a cikin 'yan ƙarni. Amma, tare da kusan kashi 40% na Yellowstone har yanzu suna da rauni ga ƙonewa mai yawa, duk wani karuwar haɗarin wuta saboda canjin yanayi zai haifar da babbar matsala. Canjin tsohuwar gandun daji da ƙananan ƙananan na iya yin barazana ga arewacin twinflower, Fairy Slipper, Pine marten, da goshawk. Yaduwar hare-haren defoliating daga budworms na yammacin spruce na iya faruwa akai-akai kuma ya zama mafi lalacewa ga gandun daji na conifer.

Canjin yanayi kuma yana haifar da barazana ga manyan tsaunukan tsaunuka, kuma wannan yanki na iya ɓacewa a wurare da yawa. Ana iya sa ran bacewar gida na nau'in tsaunuka irin su Arctic gentian, alpine chaenactis, rosy finch, da pipit ruwa sakamakon asarar wurin zama da rarrabuwa. Ko da dumamar yanayi da bushewa na iya rage mazaunin farin pine da kashi 90% cikin shekaru 50. Whitebark Pine goro da rundunonin katar asu na sojoji, waɗanda ake samu a cikin waɗannan dazuzzukan, suna ba da abinci mai mahimmanci ga yawan grizzly bear na Wyoming. Za a iya maye gurbin gandun daji na Whitebark tare da Douglas fir, kuma a kan ƙananan gangara, gandun daji zai ba da damar zuwa shimfidar wurare marasa bishiyoyi wanda babban sagebrush, Idaho fescue, da bluebunch alkama ya mamaye. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Ayyuka game da canjin yanayi

Kogin Arewacin Platte, 2002

Makamashi mai sabuntawa

Ginin iska

Hukumar Kula da Infrastructure ta Wyoming (WIA) tana da haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da takardar bashi na haraji don gina ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa. WIA ta yarda da shawarwari don ayyukan ta amfani da albarkatu daga iska, biomass, geothermal, hasken rana, ƙaramin wutar lantarki, ƙone shara, wasu ingantaccen samar da kwal, da wasu ayyukan wutar lantarki.

Dokar Manufofin Makamashi ta 2005 ta ba da izini ga Bondoshin Makamashi mai sabuntawa na dala miliyan 500 (CREBS) ga Hukumomin gwamnati. Takaddun suna aiki ne a matsayin haraji ga abokan hulɗa masu zaman kansu kuma suna ba da kuɗi ba tare da haraji ba don ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa.

WIA kungiya ce da Majalisar Dokokin Wyoming ta kafa a 2004 don karfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki a Wyoming ta hanyar fadada karfin watsa wutar lantarki a jihar. Tun da ayyukan wutar lantarki da za a sabunta za su yi amfani da damar watsawa da WIA ke gudanarwa, hukumar za ta tantance shawarwarin da suka cika ka'idojinta. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Ikon zafi

Tare da hadin gwiwar Majalisar Kasuwancin Wyoming, Ƙungiyar Sabon Ci Gaban Yankin Converse ta tsara wani shiri don ci gaba da ci gaban makamashi na geothermal a Wyoming. Jihar ita ce babban dan takara don aikace-aikacen amfani da kai tsaye na geothermal kamar dumama da sanyaya gida, spas, noma, aquaculture, greenhouses, da dumama sararin samaniya.

Shirin Yaduwar Geothermal na Wyoming yana da niyyar kara wayar da kan jama'a game da damar da za a iya samu a cikin makamashi na geothermal, yayin da yake aiki tare da gwamnati da masana'antu don inganta tsarin mulki da yanayin tattalin arziki na jihar. Zai inganta yanayin zafi da iko, ci gaban masana'antu, da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Shirin zai kirkiro kayan aikin raba bayanai na geothermal, gami da bita, shafin yanar gizo, da fakitin bayanai. Wakilan za su shiga cikin ayyukan kasuwanci zuwa wasu jihohi don bincika mafi kyawun ayyuka a ci gaban geothermal.

Rana

Tsarin bangon hasken rana, Lamar Buffalo Ranch

Majalisar Kasuwancin Wyoming tana ba da tallafi ga masu gida waɗanda ke son shigar da tsarin photovoltaic (PV). Shirin Gudanar da Photovoltaic na Wyoming yana inganta amfani da PV ta hanyar ba da rabin farashin shigar da tsarin PV har zuwa $ 3,000. Shirin tallafin ya samar da tallafin da ya dace don shigarwar PV na zama 139, wanda ke da ƙarfin haɗin kilowatts 80.

Za a ba da tallafi ashirin da biyar a wannan shekara. Saboda bukatar wadannan tallafi, shirin zai yi amfani da tsarin caca don zabar masu karɓa.

Kayan shafawa

Wyoming mai yuwuwar samar da man fetur

• A da man fetur: galan miliyan na Amurka (1,160^3 m3)
• A da Diesel: miliyan US gallons (1,300^3 m3)
• Jimlar Cellulosic Biomass: 0.5 miliyan bushe T
• Jimlar Biomass na Shuka: T miliyan 0.1 bushe
• Tashoshin E85: 5
• Tashoshin Biodiesel: 14
• Tsire-tsire na Ethanol: 1
• Ethanol Production Capacity: " data-ve-ignore="1">3" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"12"},"2":{"wt":"e6USgal"},"3":{"wt":"e3m3"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwxA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">12 miliyan US gallons (45^3 m3).
• Shuke-shuke na Biodiesel: 0
• Biodiesel Production Capacity: 0 miliyan gal

Kudin harajin samar da man fetur na Ethanol

Masu samar da Man fetur na ethanol na iya fansar Kudin haraji na $ 0.40 a kowace galan tare da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Wyoming. An bayyana man fetur mai haɗuwa da ethanol a matsayin cakuda 10% ethanol da 90% gasoline wanda ake amfani dashi don sarrafa motocin mota. Don samun cancanta don karɓar wannan bashi, aƙalla kashi 25% na sayen kayan masarufi na mai samar da ethanol dole ne samfuran da suka samo asali a Wyoming, ban da ruwa, a cikin shekarar da aka sami kuɗin haraji. Jimlar kudaden da duk masu samar da ethanol suka fanshe bazai wuce dala miliyan 4 a kowace shekara ba, kuma jimlar kudadenaden da kowane mai samar da ethanoli ya fanshe bazain wuce dala miliyan 2 a kowace shekara.

Bugu da ƙari, mai samar da ethanol wanda ke gina sabon wurin samar da ethanol na iya karɓar kuɗin haraji na tsawon lokaci ba zai wuce shekaru 15 ba bayan ranar da aka kammala ginin. Duk wani mai samar da ethanol wanda ke fadada samar da shi da akalla kashi 25% ya cancanci biyan haraji tare da karuwar adadi. Masu samar da ethanol masu cancanta na iya karɓar kuɗin haraji ne kawai har zuwa 30 ga Yuni, 2009.

Tsaro na makamashi

Shirin Inganta Kula da Makamashi na Wyoming (WYECIP) shiri ne na kwangila don kiyaye makamashi a wuraren da ba na riba ba na jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Wadannan wuraren sun hada da hukumomin jihohi, kananan hukumomi, makarantu, kwalejoji, asibitoci, gidajen tsofaffi, da sauran hukumomin da ba na riba ba.

Majalisar Kasuwancin Wyoming, wacce kuma ke kula da Shirin Makamashi na Jiha a Wyoming, ta riga ta cancanta kamfanonin sabis na makamashi 10 a karkashin shirin kuma tana sarrafa tsarin aiwatar da kwangilar aiki ga masu mallakar kayan aiki.

Ta hanyar kwangilar aiki, hukumomin jihohi da masu zaman kansu na iya hayar masu kwangila da suka riga sun cancanta don ingantaccen makamashi da biyan shi tare da tanadin makamashi.

Dubi kuma

• Almy, Wyoming
• Ma'adinai na kwal
• Wutar lantarki ta kwal
• Yanayin kwal
• Ƙarya
• Motocin lantarki a cikin Wyoming

Ƙarin karantawa

• - wannan babi na Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa ya rufe Montana, Wyoming, Dakota ta Kudu, Dakota ta Arewa, da Nebraska 

Haɗin waje

• Hukumar Kula da Infrastructure ta Wyoming
• Ingancin Makamashi da Makamashi mai sabuntawa a Wyoming (Ofishin Ingancin Makamai da Makamasha mai sabuntawar DOE)
• Ƙarfafawa na Wyoming don Sabuntawa da Inganci
• Ƙananan turbine na iska a Wyoming