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Canjin yanayi a cikin Arctic

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Canjin yanayi a cikin Arctic
climate change by country or territory (en) Fassara
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Ƙaramin ɓangare na climate change by country or territory (en) Fassara
Nahiya Asiya
Ƙasa Arctic
Ta biyo baya New Arctic (en) Fassara
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Yana haddasa zafi
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 90°N 0°E / 90°N 0°E / 90; 0

Saboda Canjin yanayi a cikin Arctic, ana sa ran wannan yankin polar zai zama "mai zurfi" nan da shekara ta 2050. [1] ::2321 Saurin canji yana "tsakanin mafi girma a duniya", [1]::2321 tare da dumama da ke faruwa a sau 3-4 da sauri fiye da matsakaicin duniya [2] [3][4][5] Wannan dumama ya riga ya haifar da raguwar kankara na teku na Arctic, hanzarin narkewar kankara ta Greenland da narkewar yanayin permafrost.[1] ::2321 [1] Ana sa ran waɗannan canje-canjen da ke gudana ba za a iya juyawa ba har tsawon ƙarni ko ma dubban shekaru.[6] : 2321 :2321

Rayuwar halitta a cikin Arctic tana da tasiri sosai. Yayin da tundra ke dumama, ƙasarsa ta zama mai karɓuwa ga tsutsotsin ƙasa da manyan shuke-shuke, [7] da gandun daji na boreal sun bazu zuwa arewa - duk da haka wannan kuma ya sa yanayin ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da gobarar daji, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don murmurewa daga sauran yankuna. Har ila yau, Beavers na amfani da wannan dumamar yanayi wajen mamaye kogunan Arctic, kuma madatsun ruwansu na taimakawa wajen fitar da hayakin methane saboda karuwar da ake samu a ruwa. [8] Tekun Arctic ya sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin samar da farko na ruwa kamar yadda ruwan zafi da ƙarancin inuwa daga kankarar teku ke amfana da phytoplankton . [1] :2326[9] A lokaci guda kuma, ya riga ya kasance ƙasa da alkaline fiye da sauran tekun duniya, don haka acidification na teku da ke haifar da karuwar CO ya fi tsanani, yana barazanar wasu nau'i na zooplankton irin su pteropods . [1] :2328

Ana sa ran Tekun Arctic zai ga abubuwan da suka faru na farko da ba su da kankara a nan gaba - mai yiwuwa kafin 2050, kuma mai yiwuwa a ƙarshen 2020s ko farkon 2030s.[10] Wannan ba zai kasance ba a cikin shekaru 700,000 da suka gabata.[11][12] Wasu kankara na teku suna sake dawowa a kowane hunturu na Arctic, amma ana sa ran irin waɗannan abubuwan za su faru akai-akai yayin da zafi ke ƙaruwa. Wannan yana da babban tasiri ga nau'in fauna waɗanda suka dogara da kankara na teku, kamar bears. Ga mutane, hanyoyin kasuwanci a fadin teku za su zama mafi dacewa. Duk da haka, kasashe da yawa suna da ababen more rayuwa a cikin Arctic wanda ya kai biliyoyin daloli, kuma yana fuskantar barazanar rushewa yayin da ƙarancin ƙanƙara ke narkewa. 'Yan asalin Arctic suna da dangantaka mai tsawo tare da yanayin sanyi, kuma suna fuskantar asarar al'adunsu.

Bugu da ari, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka wuce yankin Arctic. Rashin kankara na Teku ba wai yana haɓaka ɗumamar dumamar yanayi ba a cikin Arctic amma kuma yana ƙara haɓaka yanayin zafi a duniya ta hanyar ra'ayoyin kankara-albedo . Permafrost narke yana haifar da hayaƙin CO da methane waɗanda suke kwatankwacin na manyan ƙasashe. Narkewar Greenland yana ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci don haɓaka matakin teku a duniya. Idan dumamar yanayi ta zarce - ko kuma a can, akwai babban haɗari na gaba ɗaya dusar ƙanƙara ta yi hasarar a cikin shekaru 10,000 da aka ƙiyasta, wanda ya kai matakin tekun duniya. Dumama a cikin Arctic na iya shafar kwanciyar hankali na jet rafi, kuma ta haka ne maɗaukakiyar yanayin yanayi a yankuna na tsakiya, amma akwai "ƙananan amincewa" kawai a cikin wannan hasashe.

Tasirin da ke faruwa a cikin muhalli

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Warming

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Hoton da ke sama ya nuna inda matsakaicin yanayin iska (Oktoba 2010 - Satumba 2011) ya kai digiri 2 na Celsius sama (ja) ko ƙasa (blue) matsakaicin lokaci mai tsawo (1981-2010).

Lokacin 1 °C (1.8 °F)-2 °C (3.6 °F) shine shekaru goma mafi zafi a cikin Arctic tun aƙalla karni na 17, tare da yanayin zafi 2 ° C (3.6 ° F) sama da matsakaicin 1951-1990.[13] Alaska da yammacin Kanada zafin jiki ya tashi da 3 zuwa 4 ° C (5.40 zuwa 7.20 ° F) a wannan lokacin. Binciken 2013 ya nuna cewa yanayin zafi a yankin bai kasance kamar yadda yake a halin yanzu ba tun aƙalla shekaru 44,000 da suka gabata kuma watakila tsawon shekaru 120,000 da suka gabata.[14] Tun daga shekara ta 2013, matsakaicin yanayin zafi na iska na shekara-shekara (SAT) ya kasance aƙalla 1 ° C (1.8 ° F) mai dumi fiye da 1981-2010 matsakaici.

A cikin 2016, akwai matsanancin anomalies daga Janairu zuwa Fabrairu tare da zafin jiki a cikin Arctic ana kiyasta tsakanin 4-5.8 ° C (7.2-10 °C (18.0 °F).4 ° F) fiye da yadda yake tsakanin 1981 da 2010. [15] A cikin 2020, matsakaicin SAT ya kasance 1.9 °C (3.4 °F) ° C (3.4 ° F) mai dumi fiye da matsakaicin 1981-2010.[16] A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2020, a karo na farko, an yi ma'aunin zafin jiki a cikin Arctic Circle na 38 ° C, fiye da 100 ° F. Ana sa ran irin wannan yanayi a yankin ne kawai a shekara ta 2100. A watan Maris, Afrilu da Mayu matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin Arctic ya kasance 10 ° C (18.0 ° F) sama da na al'ada. Wannan guguwar zafi, ba tare da mutum ba - mai haifar da zafi, zai iya faruwa sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekaru 80,000, bisa ga binciken da aka buga a watan Yulin 2020. Ita ce hanyar da ta fi karfi ta hanyar yanayin yanayi zuwa canjin yanayi na mutum wanda aka taɓa samu, har yanzu.

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Constable, A.J.; Harper, S.; Dawson, J.; Holsman, K.; Mustonen, T.; Piepenburg, D.; Rost, B. (2022). "Cross-Chapter Paper 6: Polar Regions". Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. 2021: 2319–2367. Bibcode:2021AGUFM.U13B..05K. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.023. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "IPCC_AR6_WGII_Polar" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns". Phys.org (in Turanci). 2021-05-20. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  3. ↑ "The Arctic is warming four times faster than the rest of the world" (in Turanci). 2021-12-14. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  4. ↑ Rantanen, Mika; Karpechko, Alexey Yu; Lipponen, Antti; Nordling, Kalle; Hyvärinen, Otto; Ruosteenoja, Kimmo; Vihma, Timo; Laaksonen, Ari (11 August 2022). "The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979". Communications Earth & Environment (in Turanci). 3 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..168R. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3. ISSN 2662-4435. S2CID 251498876 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  5. ↑ Chylek, Petr; Folland, Chris; Klett, James D.; Wang, Muyin; Hengartner, Nick; Lesins, Glen; Dubey, Manvendra K. (25 June 2022). "Annual Mean Arctic Amplification 1970–2020: Observed and Simulated by CMIP6 Climate Models". Geophysical Research Letters (in Turanci). 49 (13). Bibcode:2022GeoRL..4999371C. doi:10.1029/2022GL099371. S2CID 250097858 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  6. ↑ Shepherd, Andrew; Ivins, Erik; Rignot, Eric; Smith, Ben; van den Broeke, Michiel; Velicogna, Isabella; Whitehouse, Pippa; Briggs, Kate; Joughin, Ian; Krinner, Gerhard; Nowicki, Sophie (12 March 2020). "Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018". Nature (in Turanci). 579 (7798): 233–239. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31822019. S2CID 219146922. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  7. ↑ Lindsey, Rebecca (18 January 2012). "Shrub Takeover One Sign of Arctic Change". ClimateWatch Magazine. NOAA. Archived from the original on 2013-02-17. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  8. ↑ Clark, Jason A; Tape, Ken D; Baskaran, Latha; Elder, Clayton; Miller, Charles; Miner, Kimberley; O'Donnell, Jonathan A; Jones, Benjamin M (3 July 2023). "Do beaver ponds increase methane emissions along Arctic tundra streams?". Environmental Research Letters (in Turanci). 18 (7). Bibcode:2023ERL....18g5004C. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acde8e.
  9. ↑ Hansen, Kathryn (26 July 2020). "Phytoplankton Surge in Arctic Waters". NASA Earth Observatory (in Turanci). Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  10. ↑ Jahn, Alexandra; Holland, Marika M.; Kay, Jennifer E. (5 March 2024). "Projections of an ice-free Arctic Ocean". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 5 (3): 164–176. Bibcode:2024NRvEE...5..164J. doi:10.1038/s43017-023-00515-9.
  11. ↑ Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Sturm, Matthew; Francis, Jennifer A.; et al. (23 August 2005). "Arctic System on Trajectory to New, Seasonally Ice-Free State". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 86 (34): 309–316. Bibcode:2005EOSTr..86..309O. doi:10.1029/2005EO340001.
  12. ↑ Butt, F. A.; H. Drange; A. Elverhoi; O. H. Ottera; A. Solheim (2002). "The Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Arctic Climate System to Isostatic Elevation Changes, Freshwater and Solar Forcings" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 21 (14–15): 1643–1660. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00018-5. OCLC 108566094. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008.
  13. ↑ Przybylak, Rajmund (2007). "Recent air-temperature changes in the Arctic". Annals of Glaciology. 46 (1): 316–324. Bibcode:2007AnGla..46..316P. doi:10.3189/172756407782871666. S2CID 129155170.
  14. ↑ Miller, G. H.; Lehman, S. J.; Refsnider, K. A.; Southon, J. R.; Zhong, Y. (2013). "Unprecedented recent summer warmth in Arctic Canada". Geophysical Research Letters. 40 (21): 5745–5751. Bibcode:2013GeoRL..40.5745M. doi:10.1002/2013GL057188. S2CID 128849141.
  15. ↑ Yu, Yining; Xiao, Wanxin; Zhang, Zhilun; Cheng, Xiao; Hui, Fengming; Zhao, Jiechen (17 July 2021). "Evaluation of 2-m Air Temperature and Surface Temperature from ERA5 and ERA-I Using Buoy Observations in the Arctic during 2010–2020". Remote Sensing. 13 (Polar Sea Ice: Detection, Monitoring and Modeling): 2813. Bibcode:2021RemS...13.2813Y. doi:10.3390/rs13142813.
  16. ↑ "Surface Air Temperature". Arctic Program (in Turanci). October 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
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