Canjin yanayi a cikin Netherlands
 Canjin yanayi a cikin Netherlands | |
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climate change by country or territory (en)  | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Holand |
Netherlands ta riga ta shafi Canjin yanayi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin Netherlands ya tashi da fiye da 2 ° C daga shekara ta 1901 zuwa shekarar 2020. Canjin yanayi ya haifar da karuwar yawan fari da raƙuman zafi. Saboda an dawo da wasu sassan Netherlands daga teku ko kuma suna kusa da matakin teku, Netherlands tana da matukar damuwa ga hauhawar matakin teku.
Netherlands tana da iskar gas ta huɗu mafi girma ga kowane mutum na Tarayyar Turai, a wani bangare saboda yawan shanu. Gwamnatin Holland ta kafa manufofi don rage hayaki a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Amsawar Dutch ga canjin yanayi ta haifar da dalilai da yawa na musamman, gami da manyan shirye-shiryen farfadowa na kore ta Tarayyar Turai a fuskar COVID-19 da Shari'ar canjin yanayi, Jihar Netherlands v. Gidauniyar Urgenda, wanda ya haifar da Rage canjin yanayi na tilas ta hanyar rage fitarwa 25% a ƙasa da matakan 1990.[1][2] A cikin shekara ta 2021 hayakin CO2 ya ragu da 14% idan aka kwatanta da matakan shekarar 1990.[3] Manufar gwamnatin Holland ita ce rage hayaki a cikin shekara ta 2030 da kashi 49%.[4]
Rashin iskar gas
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Netherlands, masana kimiyya suna la'akari da ci gaba da karuwa na iskar gas a cikin yanayi a matsayin babban dalilin canjin yanayi. Ta hanyar tsarin dumama duniya, zafin jiki yana tashi, kuma a sakamakon haka, matakin teku yana tashi. A kokarin rage hayakin gas, gwamnatin Holland tana daukar matakan ragewa kuma tana ba da hadin kai tare da wadanda ba na jihar ba. Har ila yau, gwamnatin Holland tana ɗaukar matakan daidaitawa don kare ƙasar daga sakamakon canjin yanayi.[5]
Manufofin Netherlands na rage yawan iskar gas sun kasance a cikin Dokar Yanayi a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu,shekara ta 2019. [6] Tsarin yanayi, Tsarin Makamashi na Kasa da Tsarin Yanayi ( NECP ) da Yarjejeniyar Yanayi na Kasa sun ƙunshi manufofi da matakan cimma waɗannan manufofin yanayi. [5] [7] Yarjejeniyar yanayi ta ƙasa, wacce aka kammala a watan yunin shekarar 2019, ta ƙunshi yarjejeniyoyin da sassan kan abin da za su yi don taimakawa cimma burin yanayi. [8] Sassan da suka shiga sune: wutar lantarki, masana'antu, gina gine-gine, zirga-zirga da sufuri, da noma . A cikin wannan aiki Gwamnatin Holland ta bayyana cewa tana son rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a Netherlands da kashi 49 cikin 100 nan da shekarar 2030, idan aka kwatanta da matakan 1990, da kuma rage kashi 95% nan da shekara ta 2050. [7]
Yarjejeniyar Green ta Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Ursula von der Leyen, ya gabatar da Green Deal">Yarjejeniyar Green ta Turai.[9][10] Wannan Green Deal dabarar ci gaba ce don canza EU a cikin tsaka-tsaki da tattalin arziki na zagaye, yayin da yake adana gasa ta Turai.
A ranar 14 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 2021, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta gabatar da shawarwari na farko na kunshin "Fit-for-55" [11] Kunshin shawarwari yana da niyyar samar da tsari mai jituwa da daidaituwa don cimma burin raguwar kashi 55 cikin dari a cikin shekara ta 2030, yayin da:
- tabbatar da sauye-sauye mai adalci da adalci
- kiyayewa da ƙarfafa kirkire-kirkire da gasa na masana'antar EU yayin tabbatar da filin wasa na matakin da ya shafi masu gudanar da tattalin arziki na kasa ta uku
- kafa matsayin EU a matsayin jagora a cikin yaki na duniya da canjin yanayi
Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Majalisar Tarayyar Tarayyar da Kasashen membobin a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan shawarwari a cikin wannan kunshin. Netherlands ta tura don kammala waɗannan tattaunawar cikin sauri, yayin da take riƙe da burin gaba ɗaya na shawarwarin don tabbatar da cewa tana ci gaba da ƙarawa har zuwa raguwar kashi 55.[9]
Rashin fitarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna jimlar fitar da iskar gas a cikin Netherlands a cikin miliyoyin ton na carbon dioxide daidai (Mt CO2-daidai), da kuma dabi'u ga EU27 da duniya don kwatanta.[12]
| Shekara | Netherlands | EU27[lower-alpha 1] | Jimillar duniya | Netherlands a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na duniya |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 228.34 | 4915.14 | 33268.12 | 0.69% |
| 2000 | 229.77 | 4513.34 | 36991.71 | 0.62% |
| 2005 | 226.13 | 4597.10 | 42318.43 | 0.53% |
| 2015 | 208.38 | 3922.02 | 50134.38 | 0.41% |
| 2020 | 176.88 | 3427.44 | 50632.31 | 0.35% |
| 2021 | 178.70 | 3617.74 | 53056.61 | 0.34% |
| 2022 | 167.85 | 3587.80 | 53786.04 | 0.31% |
Ga jimlar hayakin gas a cikin shekara ta 2022, wato, gami da sauran iskar gas da amfani da ƙasa, a cikin tan miliyan 167.85, Netherlands ta kasance 43 daga cikin kasashe 208, ƙasa da Kuwait tan miliyan 167,86 kuma sama da Sudan (ciki har da Sudan ta Kudu) tan miliyan 146.96, yayin da Kuwait ke da ƙarami sosai kuma Sudan tana da yawan jama'a fiye da Netherlands.[12] Daga waɗannan adadi don fitar da hayaki na shekara-shekara ga Netherlands, da kuma fitar da hayakin duniya na shekara- shekara-sheko, ana iya ganin cewa Netherlands tana da asusun 0.31% na hayaki na duniya. Kamar yadda aka kwatanta da ke sama, an gano Kuwait ta kai 0.31% kuma Sudan ta kai 0.27% na hayaki na duniya na shekara-shekara.
Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna jimlar fitar da iskar gas a cikin Netherlands a cikin ton na carbon dioxide ga kowane mutum, da kuma dabi'u ga EU27 da duniya don kwatanta.
| Shekara | Netherlands | EU27[lower-alpha 2] | Duniya |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 15.26 | 11.70 | 6.24 |
| 2000 | 14.43 | 10.54 | 6.02 |
| 2005 | 13.82 | 10.56 | 6.47 |
| 2010 | 13.45 | 9.71 | 6.75 |
| 2015 | 12.30 | 8.87 | 6.79 |
| 2020 | 10.30 | 7.73 | 6.50 |
| 2021 | 10.37 | 8.15 | 6.74 |
| 2022 | 9.72 | 8.09 | 6.76 |
Ga fitar da iskar gas mai guba ta a shekarar 2022 a cikin Netherlands, a 9.72 ton ga kowane mutum, Netherlands ta kasance 42 daga cikin kasashe 208. Wannan yana ƙasa da Belgium 9.74 ton ga kowane mutum amma sama da Jamus 9.49 ton ga kowane kowane mutum.[12]
Manyan masu watsawa a cikin Netherlands
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana'antar ƙarfe ta IJmuiden ta kasance a cikin shekara ta 2021 babbar mai gurɓata a cikin Netherlands, tana fitar da kusan tan miliyan shida na CO2. Wannan ya biyo bayan Tashar wutar lantarki ta Eemshaven, a tan miliyan 5.31 na carbon dioxide. A halin yanzu, Shell ta mallaki biyu daga cikin manyan masu fitarwa goma a cikin Netherlands. A wannan shekarar, hayakin carbon dioxide na duniya daga Shell ya tsaya a kusan tan miliyan 58 gabaɗaya.[13]
Rashin iskar gas yana da yawa a cikin Netherlands, yana ba da gudummawa kashi 4.5 cikin dari ga jimlar EU.[14] Yaren mutanen Holland suna fitar da kashi 34 cikin dari na iskar gas ga kowane mutum fiye da matsakaicin Turai. fitarwa tana da alaƙa da girman tattalin arziki, wanda a cikin Netherlands yana da girma ga kowane mutum. Ƙarfin fitarwa shine ma'auni na yawan iskar gas da ake fitarwa a kowace Yuro na GDP)" id="mwAR4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gross domestic product (GDP)">Babban samfurin cikin gida (GDP) . Ƙarfin fitarwa na tattalin arzikin Dutch ya yi daidai da matsakaicin EU. Kasashe goma sha bakwai na EU, galibi a Gabashin Turai, suna da ƙarfin fitarwa fiye da Netherlands.[14] Gaskiyar cewa Netherlands tana da ƙananan hayaki dangane da GDP ta wani bangare yana da alaƙa da shigo da wutar lantarki da kuma girman girman ɓangaren sabis.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Netherlands climate change: Court orders bigger cuts in emissions" (in English). 20 December 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case" (in English). 20 December 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Statistiek, Centraal Bureau voor de. "Hoe groot is onze broeikasgasuitstoot?". Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (in Holanci). Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ↑ "Long-term strategy on climate mitigation - The Netherlands" (PDF). unfccc. 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie (2019-02-01). "Climate policy - Climate change - Government.nl". www.government.nl (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (2014-11-05). "Dutch vision on global climate action - Climate change - Government.nl". www.government.nl (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 ""Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy" Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan - 2021-2030 The Netherlands" (PDF).
- ↑ Ruyssenaars, PG; Coenen, PWHG; Rienstra, JD; Zijlema, PJ; Arets, EJMM; Baas, K; Dröge, R; Geilenkirchen, G; 't Hoen, M; Honig, E; van Huet, B; van Huis, EP; Koch, WWR; te Molder, RM; Montfoort, JA (2021). "Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990–2019". Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu. doi:10.21945/rivm-2021-0007. Archived from the original on 2025-01-22. Retrieved 2025-08-06. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (2014-11-05). "Dutch goals within the EU - Climate change - Government.nl". www.government.nl (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ "European Climate Law". climate.ec.europa.eu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ "Fit for 55 - The EU's plan for a green transition - Consilium".
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "EDGAR - The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research". edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-12-15. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ↑ "Biggest carbon polluters in the Netherlands 2021". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-19.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max; Rosado, Pablo (2020-05-11). "CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data.
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