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Caracara mai laushi

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Caracara mai laushi
Conservation status

LC (mul) Fassara  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
ClassAves
OrderFalconiformes (mul) Falconiformes
DangiFalconidae (mul) Falconidae
GenusCaracara (mul) Caracara
jinsi Caracara plancus
J. F. Miller, 1777
Geographic distribution
General information
Faɗi 126.5 cm


Caracara mai laushi (Caracara plancus) tsuntsu ne mai cin nama (raptor) a cikin dangin falcon, Falconidae . An sanya shi a cikin jinsin Polyborus kafin a ba shi a cikin nasa jinsin, Caracara . Yana da iyali kuma ana samunsa a kudanci da kudu maso gabashin Amurka, Mexico (inda yake a kowace jihar) da kuma mafi yawan ƙasar Latin Amurka, da kuma wasu tsibirai na Caribbean. Caracara mai tsayi yana da sauƙin daidaitawa kuma yana da ƙarfi, ga nau'in da aka samo mafi yawa a cikin neotropics; ana iya samun shi a cikin mahalli da yanayin halittu, gami da yanayin hamada da hamada, yankunan teku ko na bakin teku, gandun daji na subtropical da na wurare masu zafi, yankuna masu matsakaici, filayen, maras kyau, har ma a cikin birane. Rubuce-rubuce, ko da yake da wuya, abubuwan da aka gani sun faru har zuwa arewacin Minnesota da lardunan Kanada na Alberta, Ontario, da Prince Edward Island . [1] Yankin kudancin rarrabawar caracara na iya kaiwa har zuwa Tierra del Fuego da Magallanes Region, Chile.

Magana

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Kalmar "caracara" ta samo asali ne daga Tsohon Tupi karakará . Ƙarin asalin ba shi da tabbas, amma ana zaton yana da onomatopoeic, yana kwaikwayon kiran tsuntsu.

An kuma san Caracara mai ƙwanƙwasawa da gaggafa ta Mexico, [2] kodayake ba gaggafa ce ta gaskiya ba. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga wani tsari na 1960 na Rafael Martín del Campo [es] [es], wanda ake zaton ya dogara ne akan nazarin hotunan kafin Conquest, cewa "tsuntsu a saman pear mai tsayi" wanda ke da alaƙa da kafa Tenochtitlan mai ban mamaki ne, kuma ba gaggafa mai zinariya ba (wanda ba abu ne mai ban mamaki a Mexico, musamman har zuwa kudu kamar Tenochtitalan) kamar yadda aka nuna a al'ada. Duk da haka, tun aƙalla nasarar Mutanen Espanya, gaggafa ta zinariya ta kasance tsuntsu da ba za a iya canzawa ba tare da labarin kafawa ba, wanda ke nunawa a cikin Alamar ƙasa mai zaman kanta ta Mexico da kuma kasancewa dabba ta ƙasa.

"Texan eagle"

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9Balduin Möllhausen, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus wanda ke tare da binciken jirgin ƙasa na 1853 (wanda Lt. Amiel Weeks Whipple ya jagoranta) daga Kogin Kanada zuwa California tare da layi na 35, ya ba da labarin lura da abin da ya kira "Texan Eagle", wanda, a cikin asusunsa, ya bayyana shi a matsayin Polyborus vulgaris na Audubon. Wannan gani ya faru ne a cikin Sans Bois Mountains a kudu maso gabashin Oklahoma .

Tarihin lissafi

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A cikin shekara ta 1777, mai zane-zane na Ingilishi John Frederick Miller ya haɗa da farantin launi na hannu na Caracara a cikin Icones animalium et plantarum ("hotuna na duniya da dabba"). Ya kirkiro Sunan binomial Falco plancus kuma ya ƙayyade nau'irin yankin a matsayin Tierra del Fuego . [3] Takamaiman ma'anar plancus shinge Latin don "gwargwadon". Ana sanya caracara mai laushi a cikin jinsin Caracara (wanda masanin halitta na Jamus Blasius Merrem ya gabatar a 1826. [4]

An san nau'o'i biyu: [4]

An riga an rarraba nau'in C. p. cheriway a matsayin nau'in daban, tare da sunan Ingilishi na yau da kullun na arewacin caracara.[4][10]

Rarraba da mazaunin

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Samfuri:Easy CSS image cropSamfuri:Easy CSS image crop

Nuni na soyayya, a Texas. Maza, wanda ya ɗan karami, yana gefen hagu.

Caracara mai siffar crested tana faruwa ne daga Tierra del Fuego a kudancin Amurka ta Kudu zuwa kudancin Amurka, Mexico, da Tsakiyar Amurka. Mutane da ke zaune a tsibirin Falkland suna rayuwa ne a tsaunukan Andean da kuma dazuzzukan da ke da danshi mai yawa, kamar dazuzzukan Amazon, inda aka takaita shi ga sassan da ba a buɗe ba a gefen manyan koguna. In ba haka ba, yana faruwa ne a kusan kowace mazaunin da aka buɗe ko kuma wanda ba a buɗe ba kuma galibi ana samunsa kusa da mutane.

An yi rahotanni game da caracara mai ƙwanƙwasawa har zuwa arewacin San Francisco, California.[11] kuma, a cikin 2012, kusa da Crescent City, California.[12] Wasu an yi imanin cewa suna zaune a Nova Scotia, tare da ganin abubuwa da yawa a cikin shekarun 2010.

Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a tsakiyar da arewacin Texas kwanan nan kuma galibi yana da yawa a kudancin Texas da kuma kudancin iyakar Amurka. Ana iya samunsa (gida) a Kudancin Caribbean (misali Aruba, Curaçao da Bonaire), Mexico, da Tsakiyar Amurka.

A Florida

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Samfuri:Easy CSS image cropFlorida gida ce ga yawan mutanen da ke arewacin arewacin da ke cikin lokacin ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙare a kusa da 12,500 BP. A wannan lokacin, Florida da sauran Gulf Coast an rufe su da itacen oak. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu, savanna tsakanin Florida da Texas ya ɓace.[13] Caracaras sun sami damar rayuwa a cikin Filayen tsakiyar Florida da marshes tare da Kogin St. Johns. Cabbage palmettos wuri ne da aka fi so, kodayake suna kuma zama a kudancin bishiyoyin oak.[14] Tarihin su a kan tsibirin Florida na zamani ya haɗa da yankunan Okeechobee, Osceola, Highlands, Glades, Polk, Indian River, St. Lucie, Hardee, DeSoto, Brevard, Collier, da Martin. A halin yanzu sun fi yawa a cikin DeSoto, Glades, Hendry, Highlands, Okeechobee, da Osceola Counties.[15] An gan shi a Gilashin Gabas har zuwa gabashin Brevard County, Florida (Viera, Florida), inda yanzu ake la'akari da shi a matsayin mazaunin, amma an jera shi a matsayin barazanar. A watan Fabrairun 2023 an gano wani karamar karamar kararrawa a St, Johns County, Florida kuma The St. Johns County Audubon Society ta rubuta shi a shafin sada zumunta.

Gudanarwa

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A watan Yulin 2016, mutane da yawa sun ba da rahoton wani caracara na arewacin yankin Michigan, kusa da Munising, kuma sun ɗauki hotonsa. A watan Yunin 2017, an ga wani caracara na arewacin arewa a St. George, New Brunswick, Kanada. An ɗauki wani samfurin a Woodstock, Vermont a watan Maris na 2020.

Bayyanawa

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Caracara mai tsayi yana da jimlar tsawon 50-65 in) da fuka-fuki na 120-132 in). Nauyinsa shine 0.9-1.6 , matsakaicin 1,348 grams (2.972 lb) tsuntsaye bakwai daga Tierra del Fuego . Mutanen da suka fito daga yankin kudancin da ke cikin su sun fi girma fiye da waɗanda suka fito daga yankuna masu zafi (kamar yadda mulkin Bergmann ya annabta) kuma sune mafi girman nau'in caracara. A zahiri, su ne nau'in falcon na biyu mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar matsakaicin nauyin jiki, na biyu kawai ga Gyrfalcon.[16]

Kwayar, ciki, cinya, mafi yawan fuka-fuki, da ƙarshen wutsiya suna da launin murfin kasa, auriculars (fuka-fukan da ke kewaye da kunne), makogwaro, da wuyan suna da fari-buff, kuma kirji, wuyan, mantle, baya, saman wutsiya, crissum (ƙashin wutsiya da ke ke kewaye le cloaca), da ɓangaren wutsiyar suna da fari mai duhu-buff. A cikin jirgin, Firamare na waje yana nuna babban fararen fararen fata ('window'), kamar yadda yake a wasu nau'ikan Caracaras da yawa. Ƙafafun suna da rawaya kuma fatar fuska da cere suna da launin rawaya zuwa ja-orange. (Launi na fuska na iya canzawa dangane da yanayin tsuntsu.) [17] Yara suna kama da manya, amma sun fi launin shuɗi, tare da layi a kirji, wuyansa, da baya, ƙafafu masu launin toka, da fari, daga baya launin ruwan kasa-purple, fatar fuska da cere.

Halin

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Samfuri:Easy CSS image cropbaki mai ƙarfin zuciya, mai cin zarafi, ana ganin caracara mai tsayi sau da yawa yana tafiya a ƙasa yana neman abinci. Yawanci yana cin gawawwakin dabbobi da suka mutu, amma kuma yana satar abinci daga wasu raptors, yana kai hari kan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe [18] gidajen, kuma yana ɗaukar ganima mai rai idan yiwuwar ta taso; galibi wannan kwari ne ko wasu ƙananan ganima, kamar ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, ƙananan tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu ruwa da ruwa, kifi, crabs, sauran shellfish, maggots, da tsutsotsi, [17] amma yana iya haɗawa da halittu har zuwa girman ƙwaro mai dusar ƙanƙara. Hakanan yana iya cin 'ya'yan itace. Yana da rinjaye a kan baƙar fata da turkey gaggafa a gawawwakin.

Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma satar abinci daga gare su da buteos, da kuma daga pelicans masu launin ruwan kasa, ibises, da spoonbills, yana bi da kuma tayar da hankali har sai sun sake farfaɗowa ko kuma sun sauke abinci. Caracara mai siffar crested tana ɗaukar abincin da aka kashe da wuta, shanu, da kayan aikin noma. A yankin, har ma ta koyi bin jiragen ƙasa ko motoci don neman abinci da aka jefar. Yanayin wannan nau'in na dammar yana nufin cewa caracara mai siffar crested yana neman abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da abincinsa, misali gobarar daji da kuma zagayawa da ungulu. Yawanci yana kaɗaici ne, amma mutane da yawa na iya taruwa a babban tushen abinci (misali tarkace). Ana kiwo a Kudancin Hemisphere bazara/bazara a kudancin yankinsa, amma lokaci ba shi da tsauri a yankuna masu zafi. Gidan gida babban gini ne, wanda yawanci ake sanyawa a saman itace ko dabino, amma wani lokacin a ƙasa. Girman kama shine ƙwai biyu.

Black vulture preining a crested caracara, a Texas

Akwai lokuta da yawa da aka rubuta na baƙar fata da ke kusantar da kuma rufe caracaras. A kowane hali, halin da ba a saba gani ba ya fara ne da caracara yana sunkuyar da kansa, a cikin gayyatar da ta bayyana don yin amfani da shi.[19]Samfuri:Easy CSS image cropA ko'ina cikin mafi yawan kewayonsa, faruwarsa ta zama ruwan dare gama gari. Wataƙila zai amfana daga yaduwar gandun daji a wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, don haka BirdLife International ta ɗauka ba ta da damuwa.

Yin farauta

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A Florida, wasu matakan girma na macizai masu mamayewa na iya cinye caracaras masu tsayi kamar su Burmese pythons, reticulated pythons، Kudancin Afirka dutse pythons.

A cikin al'adu

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  masanin ilimin tsuntsaye na Mexico Rafael Martín del Campo ya ba da shawarar cewa arewacin caracara mai yiwuwa shine "gwargwadon" mai tsarki wanda aka nuna a cikin codices na Aztec da yawa kafin Columbus, da kuma Codex na Florentine. An karɓi wannan hoton a matsayin Alamar ƙasa ta Mexico, amma ba tsuntsu ne da aka nuna a kan tutar ba, wanda shine gaggafa ta zinariya (Aquila chrysaetos), tsuntsu na ƙasa.[20]

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ Crested caracara (Caracara plancus), Ontario sightings (2016). "Observations • iNaturalist".
  2. ↑ "Crested Caracara Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  3. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  4. 1 2 3 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Seriemas, falcons". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  5. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  6. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  7. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Observations • iNaturalist". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  9. ↑ "Observations • iNaturalist". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  10. ↑ Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Hernández-Baños, B.E.; Kratter, A.W.; Lovette, I.J.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Stotz, D.F.; Winker, K. (2021). "Sixty-second Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds". Ornithology. 138 (ukab037). doi:10.1093/ornithology/ukab037.
  11. ↑ "Rare Raptors". Golden Gate Raptor Observatory. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  12. ↑ "caracara sighting record". Project Noah. 13 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Chapter VIII. Florida Relict Species". Resource Guide. Indian River Lagoon Envirothon. Retrieved 23 January 2009.[permanent dead link]
  14. ↑ "Audubon's Crested Caracara" (PDF). South Florida Ecological Services Office. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
  15. ↑ "Species Profile: Crested Caracara". Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "CRC".
  17. 1 2 "Crested Caracara | the Peregrine Fund".
  18. ↑ "Caracara cheriway (Crested caracara)". Animal Diversity Web.
  19. ↑ Boies, Lori; Tinacba, Franchesca; Shackleford, Terry J. (2026-01-12). "Urban Green Spaces Set the Stage for Rare Interspecific Allopreening Between Crested Caracara ( Caracara plancus ) and Black Vultures ( Coragyps atratus )". Ecology and Evolution (in Turanci). 16 (1). doi:10.1002/ece3.72669. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 12794025 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 41531915 Check |pmid= value (help).
  20. ↑ González Block, Miguel A. (2004). "El Iztaccuahtli y el Águila Mexicana: ¿Cuauhtli o Águila Real?". Arqueología Mexicana (in Sifaniyanci). XII (70): 60–65. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16.
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