Carl David Anderson

Carl David Anderson
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	New York, 3 Satumba 1905
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mazauni	New York
Mutuwa	San Marino (en) , 11 ga Janairu, 1991
Makwanci	Forest Lawn Memorial Park (mul)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Elvira Lorena Bergman (mul)
Karatu
Makaranta	California Institute of Technology (en) John H. Francis Polytechnic High School (en)
Thesis director	William Ralph Smythe (en) Robert A. Millikan (en)
Dalibin daktanci	Donald Arthur Glaser (mul) Seth Neddermeyer (mul) Carl A. Rouse (en) George H. Trilling (en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Ɗalibai	view Donald Arthur Glaser (mul)
Sana'a
Sana'a	physicist (en) da university teacher (en)
Employers	California Institute of Technology (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Nobel Prize in Physics  (1936) Elliott Cresson Medal  (1937) Fellow of the American Physical Society Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Mamba	American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) National Academy of Sciences (en) American Philosophical Society (mul) American Association for the Advancement of Science (en) American Physical Society (en)

Carl David Anderson (Satumba 3, 1905 - Janairu 11, 1991) wani masanin kimiyyar gwaji ne na Amurka wanda ya raba kyautar Nobel ta 1936 a fannin kimiyyar lissafi tare da Victor Hess saboda gano positron, wanda ya tabbatar da wanzuwar antitmer .

Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Carl David Anderson a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1905, a birnin New York, ga baƙi 'yan Sweden, Carl David Anderson Sr. da Emma Adofina Ajaxson.

Anderson ya yi karatun kimiyyar lissafi da injiniyanci a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech), inda ya sami digirinsa na farko a shekarar 1927 da kuma digirinsa na uku a shekarar 1930.

Anderson ya shafe dukkan aikinsa a Caltech; ya kasance Research Fellow (1930–1933) kuma Mataimakin Farfesa ga Mataimakin Farfesa na Physics (1933–1939), kafin daga bisani ya zama Farfesa na Physics a 1939—wani matsayi da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1976.

A shekarar 1946, Anderson ya auri Lorraine Bergman, wacce ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu.

Anderson ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 1991, a San Marino, California, yana da shekaru 85. An binne gawarsa a wurin shakatawa na Forest Lawn Memorial Park da ke Los Angeles, California . Kirista ne.

Bincike

Gano positron

Hoto daga Anderson na positron na farko da aka taɓa gani, 15 Maris 1933

A ƙarƙashin kulawar Robert Millikan, Anderson ya fara bincike kan haskoki na sararin samaniya a lokacin da ya ci karo da alamun barbashi da ba a zata ba a cikin hotunan ɗakin girgije nasa (wanda yanzu aka fi sani da Anderson) waɗanda ya fassara daidai a matsayin an ƙirƙira su ta hanyar barbashi mai nauyin daidai da na'urar lantarki, amma tare da cajin lantarki akasin haka.

Wannan gano, wanda aka sanar a shekarar 1932 kuma daga baya wasu suka tabbatar, ya tabbatar da hasashen ka'idar Paul Dirac game da wanzuwar positron . Anderson ya fara gano ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin haskoki na sararin samaniya. Sannan ya samar da ƙarin hujja ta hanyar harba haskoki na gamma da aka samar ta hanyar nuclide na rediyoaktif na halitta ThC '' ( <sup id="mwXg">208</sup> Tl ) zuwa wasu kayan, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar nau'ikan positron-electron.

Don wannan aikin, Anderson ya raba kyautar Nobel ta 1936 a fannin kimiyyar lissafi tare da Victor Hess . Shekaru hamsin bayan haka, Anderson ya yarda cewa bincikensa ya samo asali ne daga aikin abokin karatunsa na Caltech, Chung-Yao Chao, wanda bincikensa ya samar da tushe wanda yawancin ayyukan Anderson suka samo asali amma ba a yaba masa a lokacin ba.

Gano muon

A shekarar 1936, Anderson da ɗalibinsa na farko da ya kammala karatun digiri, Seth Neddermeyer, sun gano muon (ko 'mu-meson', kamar yadda aka san shi tsawon shekaru da yawa), wani ƙwayar subatomic da ta fi electron girma sau 207, amma tare da irin wannan cajin lantarki mara kyau da juyawa 1/2 kamar electron, kuma a cikin haskoki na sararin samaniya.

Da farko Anderson da Neddermeyer sun yi imani cewa sun ga wani abu mai kama da pion, wani abu da Hideki Yukawa ya yi hasashensa a cikin ka'idarsa ta hulɗa mai ƙarfi . Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa abin da Anderson ya gani ba shine pion ba, masanin kimiyyar lissafi II Rabi, ya rikice game da yadda abin da ba a zata ba zai iya shiga cikin kowane tsarin ilimin kimiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta, cikin mamaki ya tambaya "Wa ya ba da umarnin hakan ?" (wani lokacin labarin yana cewa yana cin abinci tare da abokan aikinsa a wani gidan cin abinci na kasar Sin a lokacin).

Muon shine na farko daga cikin jerin ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda bincikensu ya fara rikitar da masana ka'idoji waɗanda ba za su iya sanya "namun daji" mai rikitarwa ya shiga cikin wani tsari mai kyau na tunani ba. Willis Lamb, a cikin laccarsa ta Kyautar Nobel ta 1955, ya yi barkwanci cewa ya ji ana cewa "wanda ya gano sabon ƙwayar halitta a da ana ba shi lada ta Kyautar Nobel, amma irin wannan gano yanzu ya kamata a hukunta shi da tarar dala 10,000."

Ganewa

Kyaututtuka

Ƙasa	Shekara	Cibiyar	Kyauta	Ambato	Ref.
Sweden	1936	Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal Swedish	Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi	"Saboda gano positron ɗinsa"
United States	1937	Cibiyar Franklin	Lambar yabo ta Elliott Cresson	"Don gano positron"

Membobi

Ƙasa	Shekara	Cibiyar	Nau'i	Sashe	Ref.
United States	1938	Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka	Memba	Kimiyyar Lissafi da Jiki
United States	1938	Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa	Emeritus	Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi
United States	1950	Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka	Memba	Kimiyyar Lissafi da Jiki

Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe

• Anderson, C. D. (1933). "The Positive Electron". Physical Review. 43 (6): 491–494. Bibcode:1933PhRv...43..491A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.43.491.
• Anderson, C. D. (1932). "The Apparent Existence of Easily Deflectable Positives". Science. 76 (1967): 238–9. Bibcode:1932Sci....76..238A. doi:10.1126/science.76.1967.238. PMID 17731542.
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