Carl Jung
[ˈkarl ˈjʊŋ]; 26 ga Yulin 1875 - 6 ga Yuni 1961) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne na Switzerland, masanin ilimin kwakwalwa, kuma masanin halayyar mutum wanda ya kafa makarantar ilimin halayya. [3] Ya kasance marubuci mai yawa na littattafai sama da ashirin, mai zane-zane, mai ba da labari, da kuma masanin kimiyya, wanda aka fi sani da ra'ayinsa na archetypes. An dauke shi daya daga cikin masu ilimin halayyar dan adam masu tasiri a kowane lokaci, aikin Jung ya inganta ba kawai ilimi ba, har ma da sha'awar sha'awa.[4] Ayyukansa sun kasance masu tasiri a fannonin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin ɗan adam, ilimin kimiyyar archaeology, adabi, falsafar, ilimin halayya, da Nazarin addini
Jung ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya a asibitin Burghölzli a Zurich, a karkashin Eugen Bleuler . [5] Ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai tasiri, yana haɓaka abota da Freud, wanda ya kafa psychoanalysis, kuma yana gudanar da dogon rubutu game da hangen nesa na haɗin gwiwar halayyar ɗan adam. Freud ya ga ƙaramin Jung ba kawai a matsayin magaji da yake nema don ci gaba da "sabon kimiyya" na psychoanalysis ba, amma a matsayin hanyar halatta aikinsa: Freud da sauran masu nazarin kwakwalwa na zamani Yahudawa ne da ke fuskantar karuwar adawa da Yahudawa a Turai, yayin da Jung ya girma a matsayin Kirista, kodayake bai bi koyarwar Kirista ta gargajiya ba, yana ganin addini, gami da Kristanci, a matsayin furcin mai karfi na tunanin ɗan adam da neman ma'anarsa.[6] Freud ya tabbatar da nadin Jung a matsayin shugaban sabuwar kungiyar Freud ta International Psychoanalytical Association. Binciken Jung da hangen nesa na kansa, duk da haka, sun sa ya zama da wahala a bi koyarwar tsohuwar abokin aikinsa, kuma sun rabu. Wannan rarrabuwar ta kasance mai raɗaɗi ga Jung kuma ta haifar da kafa ilimin halayyar Jung a matsayin cikakken tsarin da ya bambanta da psychoanalysis.
Daga cikin mahimman ra'ayoyin ilimin halayyar mutum shine mutum - tsarin halayyar rayuwa na bambancin kai daga abubuwan da ke cikin mutum da ba a sani ba. Jung ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban aikin ci gaban ɗan adam. Ya kirkiro wasu sanannun ra'ayoyin ilimin halayyar dan adam, gami da daidaituwa, Abubuwan da suka faru, rashin sani, rikitarwa na halayyar mutum, da kuma fitarwa da introversion. Halin da ya yi wa dan kasuwa da ɗan siyasa na Amurka Rowland Hazard a 1926 tare da tabbacinsa cewa masu shaye-shaye na iya murmurewa idan suna da "ƙwarewar ruhaniya (ko addini) mai mahimmanci" sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka haifar da kafa Alcoholics Anonymous . Jung ya kasance mai zane-zane, mai sana'a, mai ginawa, kuma marubuci mai yawa. Yawancin ayyukansa ba a buga su ba har sai bayan mutuwarsa, kuma wasu sun kasance ba a buga ba.
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An haifi Carl Gustav Jung a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1875 a Kesswil, a cikin canton na Switzerland na Thurgau, a matsayin ɗan farko da ya tsira na Paul Achilles Jung (1842-1896) da Emilie Jung (née Preiswerk; 1848-1923). [7][8] An haife shi da haihuwa biyu da kuma na ɗa mai suna Paul, wanda aka haifa a 1873, wanda ya tsira ne kawai 'yan kwanaki. : 9
Paul Jung, mahaifin Carl, shi ne ɗan ƙarami na sanannen likitan Jamus-Switzerland kuma farfesa a fannin kiwon lafiya a Basel, Karl Gustav Jung (1794-1864). : 8-13 [9]: 2 Karl Jung ya zama Rector na Jami'ar Basel da Master na Swiss Lodge of Freemasons . An yi jita-jita cewa shi ɗan Goethe ne, amma wannan mai yiwuwa labari ne. Paul Jung fasto ne na karkara a cikin Ikilisiyar Swiss Reformed . : 7 Jung ya dauki mahaifinsa amintacce, amma mai rauni kuma mara iko.[10] : 7
Ya bambanta da mahaifinsa, Carl ya ga mahaifiyarsa ba abin dogaro ba ne kuma ba ta dace ba, : 8 wanda ya sa ya haɗa mata da yawa kamar yadda yake da "rashin dogaro" (Daga baya, an sake fasalin waɗannan ra'ayoyin farko: "Na amince da maza abokai kuma sun yi takaici da su, kuma ban amince da mata ba kuma ban yi takaici. : 8). Emilie mace ce mai ban sha'awa kuma mai baƙin ciki; ta shafe lokaci mai yawa a cikin ɗakinta, inda ta ce ruhohi sun ziyarce ta da dare.[11] : 18 Ko da yake ta kasance al'ada a rana, Jung ta tuna cewa da dare, mahaifiyarsa ta zama mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Ya ce wata dare, ya ga wani adadi mai haske da ba a tantance shi ba yana fitowa daga ɗakinta, tare da kai da aka cire daga wuyansa kuma yana iyo a cikin iska a gaban jikin. Jung yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da mahaifinsa.[11] : 18 : 18
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- ↑ Jung, C. G. (1 September 1973). "Editorial Note (Vol. IV)". Collected Works of C.G. Jung: The First Complete English Edition of the Works of C.G. Jung (in Turanci). Routledge. p. lxxxix. ISBN 978-1-317-53016-9.
- ↑ Eisold, Kenneth (2002). "Jung, Jungians, and psychoanalysis". Psychoanalytic Psychology (in Turanci). 19 (3): 502–503. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.19.3.501. ISSN 1939-1331.
- ↑ Jung's identification as a "psychoanalyst" was temporary (Quote: "Between the years 1907 and 1912, when Jung was a psycho-analyst").[1] Following Freud's exclusive definition of the term, Jung stopped referring to his practice as "psycho-analysis". He resigned as president of the International Psychoanalytical Association and later was characterized as an "analytical psychologist".[2]
- ↑ "Carl Jung – One of the Most Influential Psychiatrists of All Time". 26 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.
- ↑ Möller, A.; Scharfetter, C.; Hell, D. (October 2002). "Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler, 1900-1909". History of Psychiatry (in Turanci). 13 (52): 445–453. doi:10.1177/0957154X0201305206. ISSN 0957-154X.
- ↑ Empty citation (help) Freud wrote, "[I]t was only by his appearance on the scene that psycho-analysis escaped the danger of becoming a Jewish national affair."
- ↑ Schellinski, Kristina (2014). "Who am I?". Journal of Analytical Psychology. 59 (2): 189–210. doi:10.1111/1468-5922.12069. ISSN 0021-8774. PMID 24673274.
- ↑ As a university student, Jung changed the modernized spelling of Karl to the original family form of Carl. Bair, Deirdre (2003). Jung: A Biography. New York: Back Bay Books. pp. 7, 53. ISBN 978-0-316-15938-8.
- ↑ Stevens, Anthony (1994): Jung: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford & N.Y. ISBN 978-0-19-285458-2.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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