Carole King
Carole King Klein[1] (an haife ta a matsayin Carol Joan Klein; Fabrairu 9, 1942) mawaƙiya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mawaƙiya da aka san ta da gudummawarta ga waƙoƙin da aka shahara. Ta rubuta ko kuma ta rubuta waƙoƙi 118 waɗanda aka yi wa jadawalin Billboard Hot 100 a rabin ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 da waƙoƙi 61 da suka kai jadawalin Burtaniya, wanda ya tabbatar da ita a matsayin mace mafi nasara a jadawalin waƙoƙin Burtaniya daga 1962 zuwa 2005.[2][3][[4]
A shekarun 1960, King da mijinta na farko, Gerry Goffin, sun rubuta waƙoƙi sama da goma sha biyu masu kayatarwa ga mawaka daban-daban, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance mizanin da aka saba da su. Ta koma aikinta na yin waƙa kaɗai a shekarun 1970, bayan kundin wakokinta na farko Writer (1970) tare da Tapestry (1971) mai suna Tapestry, wanda ya hau kan jadawalin kundin wakokin Amurka na tsawon makonni 15 kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a jadawalin sama da shekaru shida.[5]
King ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda 25, inda Tapestry ta fi samun nasara, kuma ta sayar da fiye da rikodin waƙoƙi miliyan 75 a duk duniya.[6][7] Girmamawar da ta samu sun haɗa da kyaututtukan Grammy guda huɗu, shiga cikin zauren marubutan waƙoƙi da kuma sau biyu a cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa), lambar yabo ta 2013 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song (a matsayin mace ta farko da ta karɓi kyautar), da kuma lambar yabo ta Kennedy Center Honors ta 2015.[8][9]
Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi King Carol Joan Klein a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1942, a Manhattan, birnin New York, ga iyayen Yahudawa Eugenia (née Cammer), malami, da Sidney N. Klein, mai aikin kashe gobara.[10][11][12][13]
Iyayen King sun haɗu a cikin wani lif a shekarar 1936 a Kwalejin Brooklyn, inda mahaifinta yake karatun sinadarai kuma mahaifiyarta tana karatun Turanci da wasan kwaikwayo.[14]: 10 Sun yi aure a shekarar 1937 a lokacin shekarun ƙarshe na Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci[14]: 10 Mahaifiyar King ta daina karatun jami'a don kula da gida; Mahaifinta shi ma ya bar jami'a kuma ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai sanar da rediyo na ɗan lokaci.: 10 Da yake tattalin arziki yana fama da matsala, sai ya ɗauki aiki mafi aminci a matsayin mai kashe gobara.: 10 Bayan an haifi King, iyayenta sun zauna a Brooklyn kuma daga ƙarshe sun sami damar siyan ƙaramin gida mai hawa biyu inda za su iya hayar sama don samun kuɗi.[15][16]
Mahaifiyar King ta koyi buga piano tun tana ƙarama kuma wani lokacin tana yin atisaye bayan ta sayi piano. Lokacin da King ya fara son kiɗa sosai lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, mahaifiyarta ta fara koya mata dabarun piano na asali ba tare da ta ba ta ainihin darussan ba.[16]: 14 Lokacin da King ke da shekara huɗu, iyayenta sun gano cewa tana da cikakkiyar magana,[17] wanda ya ba ta damar faɗin sunan rubutu daidai ta hanyar jin sa.[14]: 14 Mahaifin King ya ji daɗin nuna ƙwarewar 'yarsa ga abokan da suka ziyarce shi: "Murmushin mahaifina ya yi faɗi sosai har ya mamaye rabin fuskarsa. Na ji daɗin faranta wa mahaifina rai da kuma daidaita rubutun."[14]: 15
Mahaifiyar King ta fara ba ta darussan kiɗa na gaske tun tana ɗan shekara huɗu: 16 tare da King yana hawa kujera, an ƙara masa ƙarfi ta hanyar littafin waya.[20] Tare da mahaifiyarta zaune kusa da ita, King ya koyi ka'idar kiɗa da dabarun piano na farko, gami da yadda ake karanta rubutu da aiwatar da lokacin rubutu daidai. King yana son ya koyi gwargwadon iyawarsa: "Mahaifiyata ba ta taɓa tilasta mini yin atisaye ba. Ba dole ba ne ta yi. Ina son in ƙware waƙoƙin da suka shahara da ake fitarwa daga rediyo."[14]: 16
King ya fara makarantar yara tun tana ɗan shekara huɗu, kuma bayan shekararta ta farko, an ƙara mata matsayi kai tsaye zuwa aji na biyu, yana nuna wani yanayi na musamman tare da kalmomi da lambobi.[16]: 16 A cikin shekarun 1950, ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta James Madison a sashin Midwood na Brooklyn. Ta kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna Co-Sines, ta canza sunanta daga Carol Klein zuwa Carole King, kuma ta yi rikodin demo tare da abokinta Paul Simon akan $25 a kowane zaman.[21][22] Rikodin farko da ta yi a hukumance shine waƙar tallata fim ɗin "The Right Girl", wanda ABC-Paramount ta fitar a shekarar 1958, wanda ta rubuta kuma ta rera waka ga wani shiri na Don Costa.[23]
King ya halarci Kwalejin Queens, inda ta haɗu da Gerry Goffin, wanda zai zama abokin aikinta na rubuta waƙa. Lokacin da take da shekaru 17, sun yi aure a wani bikin Yahudawa a Long Island a watan Agusta na 1959 bayan da King ya ɗauki cikin 'yarta ta fari, Louise.[24][25] Sun bar kwaleji suka ɗauki aikin yini, Goffin yana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar masanin sinadarai da kuma King a matsayin sakatare.[26] Sun rubuta waƙoƙi tare da yamma.[27]
Neil Sedaka, wanda ya yi soyayya da King lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare,[28] ya sami shahara a shekarar 1959 da "Oh! Carol". Goffin ya ɗauki waƙar ya rubuta martanin wasa, "Oh! Neil", wanda King ya yi rikodi kuma ya fitar a matsayin guda ɗaya a shekara guda. Bangaren B ya ƙunshi waƙar Goffin-King "A Very Special Boy".[29][30] Waƙar ba ta yi nasara ba.[31] Bayan rubuta waƙar Shirelles mai lamba 1 ta shekarar 1960 mai suna "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" - wacce ta kasance lamba 1 ta farko da wata ƙungiyar 'yan mata baƙar fata ta rubuta[32] - Goffin da King sun bar ayyukansu na rana don mayar da hankali kan rubutu.[33][34] "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.[35][36]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (November 4, 2014). "Our People Our Traditions". Finding Your Roots. Season 2. Episode 7. PBS. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019. Actually I am still 'Klein', I've incorporated that my legal name now is 'Carole King Klein'. You know, I went through four marriages and changed my name every single time, and then I finally came back to 'no, I'm Klein!
- ↑ Hujja
- ↑ "Official Website of Carole King – Songwriter, Performer, Author". Carole King. January 24, 2014. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016
- ↑ David Roberts, Guinness Book of British Hit Singles, 2005. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ↑ "'Tapestry' Jumps from number 15 to number 7 on Billboard's Top Pop Catalog Chart". Carole King. October 12, 2001. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
- ↑ King Bio at Allmusic.com
- ↑ "Carole King and James Taylor Troubadour Reunion Comes to an End" Archived September 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine July 20, 2010, Anit Music.com
- ↑ Vivinetto, Gina (May 12, 2021). "Jay-Z, Carole King, Tina Turner among Rock & Roll Hall of Fame 2021 inductees". TODAY.com. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
- ↑ "Librarian of Congress Names Carole King Next Recipient of the Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song" Archived March 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine December 12, 2012, www.loc.gov
- ↑ Gluck, Robert (November 24, 2012). "Carole King: Famous, yet 'haimische'". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
- ↑ Heller, Karen (December 1, 2015). "Carole King's musical odyssey". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
- ↑ Thomson, Liz (April 19, 2012). "A Natural Woman: A Memoir, By Carole King". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
- ↑ Schrieber, Zachary (November 5, 2014). "Carole King and Alan Dershowitz Explore Their Jewish Roots". Tablet Magazine. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 King, Carole (April 10, 2012). A Natural Woman. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 9781405516723. Archived from the original on December 7, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
- ↑ "Photo of Carol King as a child with her parents". Tc.pbs.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Legendary singer/songwriter Carole King looks back – books". Today | MSNBC. January 13, 2012. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
- ↑ "Carole King Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2020.