Catherine Eddowes
 Catherine Eddowes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Wolverhampton, 14 ga Afirilu, 1842 |
| ƙasa | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Mutuwa |
Mitre Square (en)  da Whitechapel (en) , 30 Satumba 1888 |
| Makwanci |
City of London Cemetery and Crematorium (en) |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
Whitechapel murders (en) |
| Killed by |
Jack the Ripper (mul) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
prostitute (en) da farmworker (en) |
Catherine Eddowes (14 Afrilu 1842 - 30 Satumba 1888) ita ce ta huɗu daga cikin wadanda aka kashe guda biyar na sanannen Mai kisan gilla Landan ba a san shi ba wanda aka sani da Jack the Ripper, wanda aka yi imanin ya kashe kuma ya lalata akalla mata biyar a cikin gundumomin Whitechapel da Spitalfields na London daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa farkon Nuwamba 1888.
An kashe Eddowes da sassafe na Lahadi 30 ga Satumba a cikin Birnin London. Ita ce mace ta biyu da aka kashe a cikin sa'a guda; daren da ta riga ta ga kisan Elizabeth Stride a cikin ikon 'yan sanda na Metropolitan. Wadannan kisan kai guda biyu ana kiransu "aukuwa biyu"; kalmar da ta samo asali ne daga abubuwan da ke cikin katin "Saucy Jacky" da aka karɓa a Hukumar Labarai ta Tsakiya a ranar 1 ga Oktoba.
Wani bangare na koda na hagu na mutum, tare da wasika da aka yi wa Daga Jahannama kuma an sanya shi a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, daga baya aka aika wa shugaban kwamitin tsaro na Whitechapel, George Lusk. Marubucin wannan wasikar ya yi iƙirarin ɓangaren koda ya fito ne daga Eddowes, wanda aka cire koda na hagu, kuma ya soya kuma ya ci sauran rabin. Yawancin masana, duk da haka, ba su yi imani da cewa wannan koda ya samo asali ne daga jikin Eddowes ba.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Catherine Eddowes a Graiseley Green, Wolverhampton a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1842, ta shida na yara goma sha biyu da aka haifa ga ma'aikacin tinplate George Eddowes da matarsa, Catherine (née Evans), wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci a Otal din Peacock . [1]
Iyalin sun koma London shekara guda bayan haihuwar Eddowes, inda mahaifinta ya sami aiki tare da wani kamfani mai suna Perkins da Sharpus a Kotun Bell, a cikin Birnin London. Da farko iyalin sun zauna a 4 Baden Place, Bermondsey, sannan daga baya suka koma 35 West Street. A nan, Eddowes ya yi karatu a makarantar St. John's Charity School a filin Potter. A shekara ta 1851, iyalin sun koma 35 West Street. Mahaifiyarta ta haifi wasu yara goma sha ɗaya, kodayake goma ne kawai daga cikin 'ya'yanta goma sha biyu suka tsira. Ita kanta ta mutu daga tarin fuka a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1855 tana da shekaru 42.
A shekara ta 1857, iyayen Eddowes sun mutu, [undefined] wanda ya haifar da Eddowes (wanda ke da shekaru 15) da kuma uku daga cikin 'yan uwanta da aka shigar da su a matsayin marayu a gidan aiki na Bermondsey. [2] Dukkanin 'yan uwan Eddowes guda huɗu da aka shigar da su a wannan gidan aiki sun halarci Makarantar masana'antu ta gida a kokarin koya musu kasuwanci.[3] Ta hanyar wannan shirin, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan Eddowes, Emma, da kawunta sun sami aiki a matsayin mai ba da takalma a Old Hall Works a Wolverhampton. Ta koma Wolverhampton, tana zaune tare da kawunta a titin Bilston kuma tana aiki a Old Hall Works yayin da take ci gaba da karatunta a makarantar Dowgate Charity School . [1]
A cikin watanni na samun wannan aikin, an kori Eddowes daga aikinta, watakila bayan an kama ta da sata. An yi imanin cewa asarar aikin Eddowes ya haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin ita da kawunta, kamar yadda jim kadan bayan haka, ta koma daga Wolverhampton zuwa Birmingham, inda ta zauna a takaice tare da kawun mai suna Thomas Eddowes, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yin takalma. Ba da daɗewa ba Eddowes ta sami aiki a matsayin mai gyaran tray a wani kamfani a Legge Street a Birmingham, kodayake bayan kimanin watanni huɗu, ta zaɓi komawa Wolverhampton, inda ta zauna tare da kakanta, wanda ya sami aiki a gare ta a matsayin mai yin gyare-gyare.[2] Watanni tara bayan haka, ta sake komawa Birmingham.
Eddowes yana da 5 in (1.52 tsayi, mai laushi, tare da duhu, gashi mai laushi da idanu masu laushi. Abokai daga baya sun bayyana ta a matsayin "mace mai farin ciki, koyaushe tana raira waƙa" [3] da kuma "mai basira da ilimi [mutum], amma yana da fushin fushi".
Dangantaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Thomas Conway
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayinda yake zaune a Birmingham, Eddowes ya fara dangantaka da tsohon soja Thomas Conway, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin 18th Royal Irish Regiment kuma wanda ya sami karamin fansho. [5] Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu: Catherine Ann (an haife shi a shekara ta ); da Thomas Lawrence (an haifi shi a shekara de ), kuma da farko suna tallafa wa kansu ta hanyar aiki tukuru lokacin da lafiyarsa ta ba da izini. Babu wata shaida da ta wanzu don tallafawa biyun da suka yi aure a zahiri bayan sun hadu da farko a 1861 ko 1862, [6] kodayake jim kadan bayan su biyu sun fara dangantaka, Eddowes ta fara kiran kanta "Kate Conway". Daga baya ta sami asalin Conway ("TC") da mummunan tattoo a cikin tawada mai launin shudi a gaban hannunta na hagu.
Komawa zuwa London
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1868, Eddowes da Conway sun koma London, suna karbar masauki a Westminster. An haifi ɗansu na uku da ɗa na biyu a shekara ta 1873. [6] Yayinda take zaune a Landan, Eddowes ta fara shan giya, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin iyalinta. Dangane da shaidar Bincike daga baya daga 'yar Eddowes, Catherine "Annie" Phillips, iyayenta sun fara rayuwa a kan "mummunan yanayi" galibi saboda shan giya na mahaifiyarta wanda ya karu a cikin shekarun 1870 kuma wanda mahaifinta - mai shan giya - ya sami rashin haƙuri.[7] A ƙarshen shekarun 1870, an yi imanin cewa jayayya tsakanin su biyu sun zama masu tashin hankali, tare da Eddowes a wasu lokuta ana ganinsa da idanu baƙi da rauni a fuskarta.
A shekara ta 1880, Eddowes da Conway sun zauna a cikin ɗaki a 71 Lower George Street, Chelsea, tare da 'ya'yansu biyu mafi ƙanƙanta (babban ɗansu ya bar gidan a wannan kwanan wata). Wani lokaci a wannan shekarar, Eddowes ya bar Conway. [n 1]
John Kelly
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba a san ainihin dalilin da ya sa Eddowes ta zaɓi ƙaura daga Chelsea zuwa East End na London ba, kodayake a shekara ta 1881, tana zaune tare da sabon abokin tarayya, John Kelly, mai sayar da 'ya'yan itace wanda ta sadu da shi lokacin da dukansu suka zauna a gidan zama na Cooney a 55 Flower da Dean Street, Spitalfields, a tsakiyar mafi yawan masu aikata laifuka na London. Bayan haka, ta zama sananne ga sanannun mutane da sunan "Kate Kelly".
Mataimakin wannan gidan zama, Frederick William Wilkinson, daga baya ya bayyana cewa Eddowes ba ya shan giya sosai, kodayake bayanan zamani sun nuna cewa an kawo ta gaban Kotun Majistare ta Thames a kan zargin maye da rikici a watan Satumbar 1881. An sallame ta ba tare da a ci tarar ta ba saboda wannan laifi.
Da farko, yayin da take zaune a ciki da kewayen Spitalfields, Eddowes galibi tana samun kuɗi ta hanyar yin aikin gida kamar tsaftacewa da sutura ga al'ummar Yahudawa a kusa da Brick Lane, kodayake an yi imanin cewa a wasu lokuta tana karuwanci don biyan kuɗin haya na yau da kullun. [9] A tsakiyar shekarun 1880, ita da Kelly sun kuma sami kuɗi ta hanyar yin aikin motsa jiki na yanayi a Kent a kowane bazara.[6]
Lokacin da Eddowes ba za ta iya samun gado a cikin gidan zama na kowa ba, yawanci tana ƙoƙarin karɓar kuɗi daga 'yan uwanta mata ko 'yarta. Da farko ta yi ƙoƙari ta ranta daga 'yar'uwarta, Elizabeth Fisher, wacce ke zaune a Greenwich, kuma wacce ta ziyarta a wasu lokuta. Idan ba ta yi nasara ba a kokarin da take yi na karbar kudi daga dangi, an yi imanin cewa ta yi barci a cikin dakin gaba na 26 Dorset Street, wanda aka sani a cikin gida da "shed".
Satumba 1888
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Satumbar 1888, Eddowes da Kelly sun bi aikin su na shekara-shekara na yin aiki na yau da kullun a ƙauyen Hunton, Kent. A kan hanyar zuwa Hunton, Eddowes ya sayi jaket daga kantin sayar da kuɗi kuma Kelly ya sayi takalma daga kantin da ke Maidstone. Yayinda suke shiga cikin wannan aikin na yau da kullun, su biyun sun saba da wata mace mai suna Emily Birrell da mijinta; su huɗu suna barci a cikin shagon guda.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Discovery on the Embankment: A New Theory". casebook.org. 2 April 2004. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ↑ Froggatt, David (2 April 2004). "Catherine Eddowes: Wolverhampton and Birmingham". casebook.org. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Frederick William Wilkinson p. 218". - ↑ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Facts p. 166
- ↑ Conway was born in County Mayo, Ireland in 1837. He had been discharged from the 18th Royal Irish Regiment in October 1861 due to illness.[4]
- 1 2 3 4 "Catherine Eddowes a.k.a. Kate Kelly". casebook.org. 2 April 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ↑ Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 96–113
- ↑ Fido, p. 67
- ↑ John Kelly would later state he had no knowledge of Eddowes ever "walking the streets" to earn money. This statement would be corroborated by the deputy of Cooney's Lodging-House, who stated Eddowes was generally within the lodging-house "for the night" by 9 or 10 p.m. and that he had never seen her intimate with anyone aside from Kelly in the years she typically resided at the lodging-house.[6]
- ↑ To avoid contact with his former partner, Conway drew his army pension under the assumed name of Quinn, and kept their younger children's addresses secret from her.[8]
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