Cecil Belfield Clarke
 Cecil Belfield Clarke | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Barbados, 1894 |
| Ƙabila |
Afro-Barbadian (en)  Black Britons (en) |
| Mutuwa | 1970 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
St Catharine's College (en) Combermere School (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | likita |
Cecil Belfield Clarke (12 Afrilu 1894 - 28 Nuwamba 1970) wanda aka fi sani da Belfield Clarke, likita ne haifaffen Barbadiya wanda ya cancanta a Burtaniya kuma ya yi aiki a kusa da Giwa & Castle a Landan. Shi ɗan Afirka ne kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar masu launi a 1931.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An san kadan game da farkon rayuwar Clarke. Ya halarci makarantar Combermere a Barbados.[1] Ya samu gurbin karatu a tsibirin don yin karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Cambridge.[2] Ya isa Landan a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1914, bayan barkewar yakin duniya na daya, ya yi tafiya a kan jirgin ruwa na RMS Tagus,[3] wanda, bayan wannan tafiya, ya zama jirgin ruwa na asibiti. Sauran fasinjojin sun hada da Aucher Warner, dan wasan cricket da kuma babban mai shari'a na Trinidad da Tobago na gaba; mai kula da mulkin mallaka Herbert Peebles; Kenneth Knaggs, ɗan Sir Samuel Knaggs, Sakataren mulkin mallaka na Trinidad da Tobago a lokacin; Roland Allport, likitan likita; Thomas Orford, jami'in kula da lafiya na gwamnati na Grenada; da Richard Batson, wanda ya buga wasan cricket don Barbados kuma ya cancanta a matsayin likita a Edinburgh, Scotland, a cikin 1920.[3][4]
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Clarke ya tafi Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge, kuma an ba shi BA a cikin 1917. Ya kasance memba mai kishin Kwalejin, kasancewarsa Shugaban Kwalejin Kwalejin a 1965-66[5] sannan kuma ɗayan Mataimakin Shugaban kasa har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1970.[6] Ya ba da lambar yabo don Kimiyyar Halitta, wanda aka fara ba da ita a cikin 1955.[7] Har yanzu kwalejin tana ba da lambar yabo ta Belfield Clarke.[8]
Clarke ya cancanta a cikin 1918 tare da Diploma Conjoint (MRCS (Eng) da LRCP (Lond)), a cikin 1919 a matsayin DPH, a cikin 1920 a matsayin BChir, kuma a cikin 1921 a matsayin FRCS (Edin) da MB (Cambridge).[9] A cikin 1923, yana Landan a Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'ar. Aƙalla 1924 yana aiki a Southwark a 112 Newington Causeway SE1, inda zai yi aiki har tsawon aikinsa na ƙwararru, ko da yake yana iya yin aiki a can tun a farkon 1920.[10]
Ya yi aiki a Newington Causeway a duk lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, duk da mummunan tashin bama-bamai a yankin. A cikin 1941, an kai harin bam sosai a yankin har 112 Newington Causeway ya kasance ginin tilo da ke tsaye a jere na shaguna da gidaje; bango daya na tiyatar da aka yi masa ya bude ga abubuwan da ke faruwa. A lokacin binciken Ordnance na 1950, 112 Newington Causeway ya kasance da kansa, yana kewaye da wuraren bama-bamai. Clarke ya yi ritaya a 1965, kuma an rushe 112 Newington Causeway bayan haka.
Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya daga 1954 zuwa 1967.[11]
Mulkin Clark
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban labarin: Mulkin Clark
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Clarke ya ƙirƙiri ƙa'idar Clark da ba a ba da suna ba, tsarin lissafi da ake amfani da shi don ƙididdige adadin maganin da ya dace ga yara masu shekaru 2-17.
Pan-Africanism
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Clarke yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta League of Colored Peoples tare da wani likitan Kudancin London, Harold Moody, a cikin 1931, kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na League. Sauran mambobin farko sun hada da CL R. James, Jomo Kenyatta, Una Marson, da Paul Robeson. Clarke ya shirya bukukuwan lambu a gidansa da ke Barnet don League.
An zabe shi shugaban farko na Kwamitin House na Aggrey House, masaukin da aka kafa a Landan a cikin 1934 don ɗalibai daga Afirka da Caribbean.
A cikin 1930s Clarke kuma yana aiki a Ofishin Hidima na Afirka ta Duniya, tare da C.L. R. James da George Padmore, wata kungiya mai hedkwata a Landan da ke da niyya don magance matsalolin da suka shafi Afirka da mazaunan Afirka.
Clarke ya rubuta labarin rasuwar George Padmore mai fafutuka na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin jaridar The Times a shekarar 1959. Ya kasance mai aiki a kungiyar daliban Afirka ta Yamma (WASU), wanda ya taimaka wajen yin tasiri ga kishin kasa a Ghana. Ta hanyar WASU, Clarke ya saba da Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka W. E. B. Du Bois. Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst tana riƙe da takaddun Du Bois, waɗanda suka haɗa da babban rubutu tare da Clarke. Haruffa ba koyaushe suna ƙarewa “tare da gaisuwa ga Pat”. Clarke ya kasance mai himma a cikin da'irar likitancin Ghana: ya kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Likitoci na Ghana, kuma ya rubuta wasiku zuwa Jaridar Likitanci ta Burtaniya (BMJ) game da makarantar likitancin Ghana ta farko mai zaman kanta, Jami'ar Ghana Medical School.
Clarke ya buɗe wa Indiyawan Yamma a gidansa da ke Barnet a ranar Lahadi da yamma.[12]
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Clarke ɗan luwaɗi ne. Kamar yadda aka saba kafin yanke hukunci a cikin 1967, Clarke ya kasance mai hankali. Abokin zamansa na rayuwa shine Pat Walker (Edward George Walker, 1902–1999), wanda Clarke ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatarensa. Aƙalla 1939 suna zaune tare a gidan Clarke a Barnet, wanda Clarke ya kira Belfield House, amma dukansu sun kasance a rajistar zabe a 112 Newington Causeway a 1929. Bayan mutuwar Clarke, Walker ya kasance a Belfield House, amma bayan mutuwar ta ƙarshe a 1999, an bar shi zuwa Kwalejin St Catharine. Tun daga lokacin kwalejin ta sayar da gidan, kuma yanzu wurin gandun daji ne, Belfield Montessori.
Clarke ya mutu a cikin 1970, yana da shekaru 76, a Asibitin St Stephen, Barnet. (St Stephen's wani asibiti ne na geriatric wanda aka rufe a 1989. Tarihin mutuwar Clarke a cikin BMJ ba daidai ba ya bayyana cewa ya mutu a Babban Asibitin Barnet.)[13]
Gado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An sanya alamar shuɗi mai shuɗi don girmama Clarke a kan wani gini kusa da wurin da ya yi aiki a cikin Afrilu 2023, wanda Black History Walks ya dauki nauyinsa tare da haɗin gwiwar Nubian Jak Community Trust. Kyautar da Clarke ya bayar a Kwalejin St Catharine, Cambridge, ana ci gaba da bayar da ita. Ya kasance daya daga cikin Black Londoners da aka nuna a wani nuni a gidan kayan tarihi na Cuming a 2008, wanda masanin tarihi Stephen Bourne ya tsara, Ci gaba da murmushi: Black Londoners on the Home Front, 1939 zuwa 1945. Belfield Clarke yana ɗaya daga cikin alkalumman da LGBT History Month UK ya haskaka a cikin Fabrairu 2024, dangane da taken wannan shekarar: Magunguna.[14]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "St Catharine's College, Cambridge: Cecil Belfield Clarke". Retrieved 11 January 2021
- ↑ Dabydeen, David; John Gilmore; Cecily Jones (eds.). "Cecil Belfield Clarke". The Oxford Companion to Black British History | Oxford Reference. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- 1 2 "Tagus ship's manifest via Ancestry". Retrieved 12 January 2021
- ↑ Clyde Ships: RMS Tagus". Retrieved 10 January 2021
- ↑ Election of Officers, the Benevolent Fund and Honoraria" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 18. September 1965. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ↑ Officers of the Society 1966–67" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 5. September 1966. Retrieved 11 January 2021
- ↑ Officers of the Society 1968–69" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 5. September 1968. Retrieved 11 January 2021
- ↑ Obituaries | CECIL BELFIELD CLARKE Died—28th November 1970" (PDF). St Catharine's College Society Magazine: 22. September 1971. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ↑ College Awards" (PDF). St Catherine's Society Magazine: 68. September 1955
- ↑ Bourne, Stephen (2020). Under Fire: Black Britain in Wartime, 1939–45. The History Press. pp. 91–92.
- ↑ National Library of Scotland: TQ3179SE". Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ↑ Spartacus Educational: Harold Moody". Retrieved 12 January 2021
- ↑ "Belfield Montessori". Retrieved 12 January 2021
- ↑ "Keep Smiling Through: Black Londoners on the Home Front, 1939 to 1945 : Resource Pack : April 1 to November 1 2008" (PDF). Cuming Museum, Southwark Council. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021