Charlotte Stoker
 Charlotte Stoker | |
|---|---|
_writer,_activist,_and_mother_of_Bram_Stoker.png) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Ballyshannon (en)  , 1818 |
| ƙasa | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Mutuwa | 15 ga Maris, 1901 |
| Makwanci |
Mount Jerome Cemetery (en) St. Michan's Church (en) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Yara |
view
|
| Sana'a | |
Charlotte Matilda Blake Thornley Stoker (an haife ta a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari takwas da goma sha’takwas zuwa ahekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da daya 1818-1901) marubuciya ce ta Irish, mai fafutuka kuma mahaifiya a gurin Bram Stoker . [1] Stoker ta yi amfani da wasu labaran da ta fada masa a cikin wallafe-wallafensa.[2][3]
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mahaifin Charlotte Thornley shi ne Kyaftin Thomas Thornley na 43rd Light Infantry . Ya yi yaƙi a Faransa da sojojin Napoleon. Bayan ya koma Ireland, Kyaftin Thornley ya shiga cikin Irish Constabulary. Kakanninsa sun samo asali ne daga shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari biyar da tamanin da hudu 1584, tare da kakanninsu a Derbyshire waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Ballyshannon a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari bakwai da tamanin 1780, galibi suna aiki a matsayin yeomen. Mahaifiyarta ta Irish, Matilda Blake, tana ɗaya daga cikin yara goma sha biyu. Kakanninta sun kasance masu aiki a siyasa, ciki har da sheriffs da magajin gari.
An haifi Charlotte Matilda Blake Thornley a Sligo a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da goma sha’takwas 1818. [4] Ita ce ɗan fari na Thomas da Matilda kuma 'yan'uwa biyu sun biyo baya.
Mahaifinta dan sanda ne, kuma suna zaune a titin Castle (yanzu titin Teeling), kusa da barikin 'yan sanda. A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari takwas da talatin da biyu 1832, tana zaune a Sligo a lokacin annobar kwalara. Makonni biyu cikin annobar, sun gudu don zama tare da dangi a Ballyshannon, sun dawo lokacin da annobar ta warware. Lokacin da iyalinta suka tsere, hakan ya shafi sauran rayuwarta. A shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da saba’in da uku 1873, ta rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a cikin Experiences of the Cholera in Ireland . [2] Bram Stoker ta haɗa wasu labaranta game da annobar a cikin wallafe-wallafensa, kamar "The Invisible Giant" a Under the Sunset . Marion McGarry ta ba da shawarar cewa bayanin da ta yi game da annobar ya kuma yi wa Dracula wahayi.[2]
A shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da arba’in da hudu 1844, Charlotte Thornely ta auri Abraham Stoker, ma'aikacin gwamnati, wanda ya girme ta da shekaru ashirin. Sun zauna tare a Dublin, daga baya suka koma Clontarf .[2][5] Sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai tare: William Thornley, Matilda, Ibrahim, Thomas, Richard, Margaret, da George. Charlotte, ko da yake ba ta da ilimi, ta ba da ilimin su na farko.
Lokacin da ƙaramar ɗanta, George, ya cika shekaru takwas, Stoker ta fara aikinta na gwagwarmaya ga mata, matalauta, da nakasassu. Ta kasance a cikin Ƙungiyar Binciken Ƙididdiga da Jama'a ta Ireland . Ganin mummunan yanayin gidan aiki da kuma magana da mata waɗanda ke son zama fiye da ma'aikata a cikin gidaje matalauta, ta ba da rahoton bincikenta ga jaridu na Dublin.[6] Ta ba da shawarar cewa a koya wa mata a cikin gidajen aiki abinci da tsari don su iya ƙaura zuwa yankunan Ingila, zuwa "sabon ƙasashe [inda] akwai mutunci a cikin aiki, kuma mace mai tallafawa kanta tana da daraja da mutunci".[6]
A watan Mayu shekarar alif dubu daya da dari takwas da sittin da uku 1863, Stoker ya goyi bayan kafa makarantun jihar don yara kurame. William Wilde ne ya ji jawabinta na tallafawa makarantar.
Charlotte da Ibrahim sun ɗauki bashi mai yawa saboda ilimantar da 'ya'yansu maza. Don tsira a kan fansho na Ibrahim da kyau, sun koma, tare da 'ya'yansu mata biyu, zuwa Faransa a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari takwas da saba’in da biyu 1872. [7] Daga baya suka koma Italiya, inda Ibrahim ya mutu.[7]
A shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da biyar 1885, Stoker ta koma Dublin, inda yawancin 'ya'yanta ke zaune. A ƙarshen rayuwarta, yayin da idanun Charlotte suka gaza, ta ji tsoron makanta kuma tana fatan mutuwa da farko.
Bayanan ranar mutuwar Charlotte Stoker da wurin binnewa sun bambanta. Wasu suna da'awar 1901, yayin da wasu 1902. An binne ta a Kabari na Dutsen Jerome ko Saint Michan.[8]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- A kan Bukatar tanadin Jiha don Ilimi na Kurame da Dumb na Ireland, 1863
- A kan ƙaura ta mata daga Gidajen Ayyuka, 1864
- Kwarewar kwalara a Ireland, 1873
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ name=":0">McGarry, Marion (November 2022). "Dracula as Cholera: The Influences of Sligo's Cholera Epidemic of 1832 on Bram Stoker's Novel Dracula (1897)". Journal of Medical Humanities (in Turanci). 44 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1007/s10912-022-09763-0. ISSN 1041-3545.
- 1 2 3 4 McGarry, Marion (November 2022). "Dracula as Cholera: The Influences of Sligo's Cholera Epidemic of 1832 on Bram Stoker's Novel Dracula (1897)". Journal of Medical Humanities (in Turanci). 44 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1007/s10912-022-09763-0. ISSN 1041-3545. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ name=":1">Senf, Carol A. (1982). ""Dracula": Stoker's Response to the New Woman". Victorian Studies. 26 (1): 33–49. ISSN 0042-5222.
- ↑ name=":0">McGarry, Marion (November 2022). "Dracula as Cholera: The Influences of Sligo's Cholera Epidemic of 1832 on Bram Stoker's Novel Dracula (1897)". Journal of Medical Humanities (in Turanci). 44 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1007/s10912-022-09763-0. ISSN 1041-3545.
- ↑ Bierman, Joseph S. (1972). "Dracula: Prolonged Childhood Illness, and the Oral Triad". American Imago. 29 (2): 186–198. ISSN 0065-860X.
- 1 2 Senf, Carol A. (1982). ""Dracula": Stoker's Response to the New Woman". Victorian Studies. 26 (1): 33–49. ISSN 0042-5222.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:5 - ↑ "Charlotte Matilda Blake Thornley | Bram Stoker Estate". bramstokerestate (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-01.