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Chloroquine

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Chloroquine
group of stereoisomers (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na quinoline alkaloid (en) Fassara
Bangare na response to chloroquine (en) Fassara da cellular response to chloroquine (en) Fassara
Amfani magani da Amebicide (en) Fassara
Sinadaran dabara C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Canonical SMILES (en) Fassara CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl da CCN(CC)CCCC(C)Nc1ccnc2cc(Cl)ccc12
Active ingredient in (en) Fassara Aralen Phosphate (en) Fassara
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name (en) Fassara chloroquine
Ta jiki ma'amala da MAS related GPR family member X1 (en) Fassara
Route of administration (en) Fassara oral administration (en) Fassara
LiverTox likelihood score (en) Fassara LiverTox toxicity likelihood category D (en) Fassara
Has characteristic (en) Fassara bitterness (en) Fassara

Chloroquine magani ne na rigakafin kwayar cuta wanda ke kula da zazzabin cizon sauro. Yana aiki ta hanyar kara matakan heme a cikin jini, wani abu mai guba ga kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Wannan yana kashe kwayar cutar kuma yana dakatar da yaduwar cutar.[1] Wasu nau'ikan zazzabin cizon sauro, ƙwayoyin masu tsayayya, da lokuta masu rikitarwa yawanci suna buƙatar magani daban-daban ko ƙarin.[1] Ana kuma amfani da Chloroquine a wasu lokuta don amebiasis wanda ke faruwa a waje da hanji, rheumatoid arthritis, da lupus erythematosus . [1] Duk da yake ba a yi nazari a hukumance ba a cikin ciki, yana da aminci.[1][2] Ana shan shi da baki.[1] An yi nazarin don magance COVID-19 a farkon annobar, amma an dakatar da waɗannan binciken a tsakiyar 2020, kuma NIH ba ta ba da shawarar amfani da shi don wannan dalili.[3]

Sakamakon cututtuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da matsalolin tsoka, asarar abinci, zawo, da rash na fata.[1] Sakamakon sakamako masu tsanani sun haɗa da matsaloli tare da hangen nesa, lalacewar tsoka, fashewa, da ƙananan matakan ƙwayoyin jini.[1] Chloroquine memba ne na ajiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi 4-aminoquinoline . [1] A matsayin maganin zazzabin cizon sauro, yana aiki ne akan nau'in kwayar cutar zazzabin sa a matakin rayuwarsa a cikin jan jini.[1] Ta yaya yake aiki a cikin rheumatoid arthritis da lupus erythematosus ba a bayyane yake ba.[1]

Hans Andersag ne ya gano Chloroquine a cikin 1934. Yana cikin Jerin Magunguna Masu Muhimmanci na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.[4] Ana samunsa azaman magani na yau da kullun.[1]

Amfani da kiwon lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Malaria

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An yi amfani da Chloroquine a cikin magani da rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro daga Plasmodium vivax, P. Oval, da P. malariae. Gabaɗaya ba a amfani da shi don Plasmodium falciparum saboda akwai yaduwar juriya ga shi.

An yi amfani da Chloroquine sosai a cikin gudanarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga fitowa da yaduwar juriya. An ba da shawarar bincika idan chloroquine har yanzu yana da tasiri a yankin kafin amfani da shi.[1] A yankunan da ke da juriya, ana iya amfani da wasu Magungunan rigakafi, kamar su mefloquine ko atovaquone, a maimakon haka. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka suna ba da shawarar maganin zazzabin cizon sauro tare da chloroquine kadai saboda haɗuwa mafi inganci.[2]

Ambiasis

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin maganin amoebic hanta abscess, ana iya amfani da chloroquine maimakon ko ban da wasu magunguna idan aka gaza inganta tare da metronidazole ko wani nitroimidazole a cikin kwanaki biyar ko rashin haƙuri ga metronidazol ko nitroimitazole.

Cutar ƙwaƙwalwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yayinda yake rage Tsarin rigakafi, ana amfani da chloroquine a wasu cututtukan rigakafi na mutum, kamar rheumatoid arthritis kuma yana da alamar alamar alamar lupus erythematosus.[1]

Sakamakon sakamako

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sakamakon sakamako sun haɗa da hangen nesa, ƙishirwa, amai, ƙuntatawa na ciki, ciwon kai, zawo, kumburi kafafu / cinya, ƙarancin numfashi, leɓuna / ƙusa / fata, raunin tsoka, sauƙin rauni / zubar jini, matsalolin ji da tunani.[5][6]

  • Motsi da ba a so / wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba (ciki har da harshe da fuska, diskenesia, da Dystonia) [5] [7]
  • Kurma ko tinnitus [5]
  • Rashin jin daɗi, amai, zawo, ƙuƙwalwar ciki [6]
  • Ciwon kai [5]
  • Canje-canje na tunani / yanayi (kamar rikice-rikice, canje-canje na mutum, tunani / hali mai ban mamaki, baƙin ciki, jin da ake kallo, hallucinating) [5][6]
  • Alamun kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani (kamar zazzabi mai tsanani, sanyi mai tsanani, ciwon makogwaro mai tsanani) [5]
  • Cutar fata, canje-canjen launi na fata, asarar gashi, da rashes na fata Cutar da aka haifar da Chloroquine ta zama ruwan dare a tsakanin baƙar fata na Afirka (70%), amma ba ta zama ruwan kasa a wasu kabilu.[6][8] Yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru, kuma yana da tsanani sosai don dakatar da bin maganin magani. Yana ƙaruwa a lokacin zazzabin zazzabin cizon sauro; tsananin sa yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayar cutar zazzabin sauro a cikin jini. Wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa yana da tushen kwayar halitta kuma yana da alaƙa da aikin chloroquine tare da masu karɓar opiate a tsakiya ko a gefe.[5]
    • Chloroquine-induced itching ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin baƙar fata na Afirka (70%), amma ba a saba gani ba a wasu kabilu. Yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru, kuma yana da tsanani sosai don dakatar da bin maganin magani. Yana ƙaruwa a lokacin zazzabin zazzabin cizon sauro; tsananin sa yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayar cutar zazzabin sauro a cikin jini. Wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa yana da tushen kwayar halitta kuma yana da alaƙa da aikin chloroquine tare da masu karɓar opiate a tsakiya ko a gefe.[9]
  • Tashin mummunar cutar psoriasis a cikin wadanda ke fama da psoriasis [7]
  • Rashin ɗanɗano na ƙarfe Wannan za a iya gujewa ta hanyar "masked-taste da sarrafawa saki" kamar emulsions da yawa.[6]
    • Ana iya kauce wa wannan ta hanyar "masked-taste da sarrafa saki" kamar emulsions da yawa.[10]
  • Chloroquine retinopathy (rashin lalacewar retinal) [7]
  • Canje-canje na Electrocardiographic Wannan yana bayyana kansa a matsayin ko dai rikice-rikice na gudanarwa (ƙuntata reshe, toshewar atrioventricular) ko cardiomyopathy - sau da yawa tare da hypertrophy, ƙuntataccen ilimin lissafi, da gazawar zuciya.[11] Canje-canje na iya zama ba za a iya juyawa ba. An bayar da rahoton shari'o'i biyu ne kawai da ke buƙatar transplantation na zuciya, yana nuna cewa wannan haɗarin yana da ƙarancin gaske. Microscopy na lantarki na biopsies na zuciya yana nuna jikin hadawa na cytoplasmic na pathognomonic.
    • Wannan yana bayyana kansa a matsayin ko dai rikice-rikice na gudanarwa (ƙuntata reshe, ƙuntataccen atrioventricular) ko cardiomyopathy - sau da yawa tare da hypertrophy, ƙuntatawa na jiki, da gazawar zuciya. Canje-canje na iya zama ba za a iya juyawa ba. An bayar da rahoton shari'o'i biyu ne kawai da ke buƙatar transplantation na zuciya, yana nuna cewa wannan haɗarin yana da ƙarancin gaske. Microscopy na lantarki na biopsies na zuciya yana nuna jikin hadawa na cytoplasmic na pathognomonic.
  • Pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, reversible agranulocytosis, low blood platelets, neutropenia [7]
  • Rashin yanayin ga waɗanda ke fama da porphyria [7]
  • An bayyana ciwon jinkirin hypersensitivity.[12]

Ciki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba a nuna cewa Chloroquine yana da wani mummunan tasiri a kan tayin ba lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin allurar da aka ba da shawarar don rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro.[13] Ƙananan adadin chloroquine suna fitowa a cikin madarar nono na mata masu shayarwa. Koyaya, ana iya ba da wannan magani lafiya ga jarirai, tasirin ba su da lahani. Nazarin da aka yi da beraye ya nuna cewa chloroquine da aka yi wa lakabi da rediyo ya wuce ta cikin kwayar halitta da sauri kuma ya tara a cikin idanun tayin wanda ya kasance a nan watanni biyar bayan an share miyagun ƙwayoyi daga sauran jikin.[7][14] Har yanzu ana ba da shawarar mata masu juna biyu ko da ke shirin yin ciki game da tafiya zuwa yankunan da ke da haɗarin zazzabin cizon sauro.[13]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Aralen Phosphate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AHFS2015" defined multiple times with different content.
  2. ↑ "Chloroquine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019. There are no controlled data in human pregnancies.
  3. ↑ "Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine". COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines (in Turanci). National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  4. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Drugs & Medications". www.webmd.com. Retrieved 22 March 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Chloroquine Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term". Drugs.com. Retrieved 22 March 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Chloroquine phosphate tablet". DailyMed. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "FDA2018Label" defined multiple times with different content.
  8. ↑ "Chloroquine: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  9. ↑ Ajayi AA (September 2000). "Mechanisms of chloroquine-induced pruritus". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 68 (3): 336. PMID 11014416.
  10. ↑ Vaziri A, Warburton B (1994). "Slow release of chloroquine phosphate from multiple taste-masked W/O/W multiple emulsions". Journal of Microencapsulation. 11 (6): 641–648. doi:10.3109/02652049409051114. PMID 7884629.
  11. ↑ Tönnesmann E, Kandolf R, Lewalter T (June 2013). "Chloroquine cardiomyopathy - a review of the literature". Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 35 (3): 434–442. doi:10.3109/08923973.2013.780078. PMID 23635029. S2CID 37926477.
  12. ↑ Kanny G, Renaudin JM, Lecompte T, Moneret-Vautrin DA (February 2002). "Chloroquine hypersensitivity syndrome". Eur J Intern Med. 13 (1): 75–76. doi:10.1016/s0953-6205(01)00195-9. PMID 11836088.
  13. 1 2 "Malaria – Chapter 3 – 2016 Yellow Book". wwwnc.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  14. ↑ Ullberg S, Lindquist NG, Sjòstrand SE (September 1970). "Accumulation of chorio-retinotoxic drugs in the foetal eye". Nature. 227 (5264): 1257–1258. Bibcode:1970Natur.227.1257U. doi:10.1038/2271257a0. PMID 5452818. S2CID 4191322.
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