Christopher Sapara Williams
 Christopher Sapara Williams | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Saliyo, 14 ga Yuli, 1855 |
| ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Mutuwa | 15 ga Maris, 1915 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Lauya |
CMG Christopher Alexander Sapara Williams CMG (ranar sha’hudu 14 ga watan Yuli shekara alif dubu daya da dari takwas da hamsin da biyar 1855 - 15 Maris 1915) shine lauyan ɗan asalin Najeriya na farko, wanda aka kira zuwa Bar ta turanci a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 1879. Baya ga aikin shari’a, ya zo ya taka rawar gani a siyasar Nijeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Ya riƙe sarautar Lodifi na Ilesha.[1]
Cif Sapara Williams shi ne babban ƙanin Oguntola Sapara, wanda ya zama fitaccen likita. [2]
Shekarun farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Williams a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli 1855. Shi ɗan ƙabilar Ijesha ne, amma an haife shi a Saliyo. Ya karanci fannin Doka a Landan a Haikali na ciki, kuma an kira shi zuwa Bar ta Turanci a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 1879. Ya dawo daga Burtaniya, ya fara aikin lauya a Legas Colony a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 1888. Ya na da suna mara misaltuwa a matsayin mai ba da shawara, kuma yana da cikakken ilimin dokokin al'ada da ba a rubuta ba. [3] Ya shiga kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu 1888, kuma ya kasance shugaban kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya daga shekarun 1900 zuwa 1915.
Duk da cewa Williams shi ne ɗan Najeriya na farko da ya samu cancantar zama lauya, amma ba shi kaɗai ne ya aiwatar da dokar ba. Saboda ƙarancin ƙwararrun lauyoyi, har zuwa 1913 ya zama ruwan dare ga waɗanda ba lauyoyi ba masu ilimi na asali da wasu ilimin dokokin Ingilishi su zama lauyoyi. [4]
Aikin siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An zaɓi Williams zuwa Majalisar Dokoki, yana aiki a matsayin memba daga watan Oktoba 1901[5] har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1915. A shekara ta 1903 an samu rikici kan biyan kuɗaɗen da sarakunan ƙasar ke karɓa daga hannun ‘yan kasuwa, duk da cewa an keɓe Turawa. Madadin shine a maye gurbin kuɗaɗen ta hanyar tallafi. Gwamna William MacGregor ya nemi ra'ayi daga Williams, Charles Joseph George da Obadiah Johnson a matsayin jagororin ra'ayoyin 'yan asalin. Duk sun goyi bayan a ci gaba da biyan kuɗaɗen kuɗi don gujewa tayar da hankalin masu mulki.[6] A cikin shekarar 1903 gwamna MacGregor ya zaɓi Williams a matsayin jarumi, amma shawararsa ta ki.[7]
A shekarar 1904, Williams ya matsar da cewa, "A sake daidaita iyakar da ke tsakanin Turawan Mallaka da Mallaka na Kudancin Najeriya da kuma Arewacin Najeriya ta hanyar mayar da yankin Kudancin Najeriya zuwa Kudancin Najeriya, ta yadda dukkanin ƙabilun kabilar Yarbawa su kasance ƙarƙashin gwamnati ɗaya." Sir Frederick Lugard ya yi adawa da wannan shawara saboda dacewa da gudanarwa, kuma hukuncin da ya yanke ya biyo bayan imaninsa. Ƙa'idar da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce ta haɗa mutanen da ke da matsayi ɗaya na siyasa da zamantakewa zuwa lardi ɗaya maimakon ƙoƙarin daidaita lardunan da iyakokin ƙabilun.[8]
A shekarar 1905, Williams ya ziyarci Ingila. Yayin da yake wurin, ya ba da shawarwari da yawa ga Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka don sauye-sauye ga manufofin daular. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kafa kwalejin horar da malamai a Legas, da kuma samun ci gaba da tsare-tsare daga gwamnonin mulkin mallaka.[9] Sapara Williams ya ƙalubalanci Dokokin Laifin Seditious na shekarar 1909, wanda ya kawar da sukar gwamnati.[10] Ya yi nuni da cewa "'yancin 'yan jarida shi ne babban Palladium na 'yanci na Birtaniya ... Tashin hankali abu ne da bai dace da halin ƙabilar Yarbawa ba, kuma ba shi da wani matsayi a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin su ... Jami'ai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na iya zuwa gobe waɗanda za su ga tashin hankali a kowane zargi da laifi a kowane taron jama'a". Duk da rokonsa, kudirin ya zama doka.
Williams ya ƙarfafa Herbert Macauley ya kira taron farko na Lagos Auxiliary of Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 1910, wanda ya ba Macauley dandamali don samar da sanannen adawa ga ayyukan mulkin mallaka.
Lokacin da Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Najeriya suka haɗe a shekarar 1914, sabuwar majalisar dokokin ta kasance ƙarƙashin Gwamna, kuma ta kunshi jami’an Birtaniya guda bakwai, wasu ‘yan Burtaniya biyu waɗanda ba jami’an gwamnati ba, da ‘yan Najeriya biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu Williams.[11]
Ya mutu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris, 1915, yana da shekaru 59. [ <span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">ina?</span> ]
Imani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ra'ayoyin Williams game da ci gaban mulkin mallaka sun haɗa da kusanci da ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi na Turai, kuma yana adawa da sukar gwamnati marar tunani kuma mara amfani.[12] Duk da haka, ko da yake Williams a hanyoyi da yawa ya yarda da ra'ayi da dabi'un Turai, a cikin watan Oktoba 1896 ya ɗauki nauyin raye-rayen Egungun, bikin gargajiya. Irin wannan yunkuri na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Ekiti na Legas ya samu tarɓa daga sarakunan gargajiya na Yarbawa.[13] Williams ya taɓa cewa: "Lauya yana rayuwa ne domin alkinta al'ummarsa da kuma ci gaban al'amuran ƙasar sa".
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Adeloye, Adelolo (1974). "Some Early Nigerian Doctors and Their Contribution to Modern Medicine in West Africa". Medical History. 18 (3): 275–93. doi:10.1017/s0025727300019621. PMC 1081580. PMID 4618303.
- ↑ Adeloye, Adelolo (1974). "Some Early Nigerian Doctors and Their Contribution to Modern Medicine in West Africa". Medical History. 18 (3): 275–93. doi:10.1017/s0025727300019621. PMC 1081580. PMID 4618303.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Fidelis Oditah QC, SAN. "LEGAL PRACTICE AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY" (PDF). Nigerian Bar Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ↑ "No. 27362". The London Gazette. 4 October 1901. p. 6480.
- ↑ Toyin Falola; Akanmu Gafari Adebayo (2000). Culture, politics & money among the Yoruba. Transaction Publishers. p. 115. ISBN 1-56000-418-5.
- ↑ Philip Serge Zachernuk (2000). Colonial subjects: an African intelligentsia and Atlantic ideas. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-1908-8.
- ↑ Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo; Toyin Falola (2005). Nigerian history, politics and affairs: the collected essays of Adiele Afigbo. Africa World Press. pp. 460–462. ISBN 1-59221-324-3.
- ↑ Jeffrey P. Green (1998). Black Edwardians: Black people in Britain, 1901–1914. Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 0-7146-4871-X.
- ↑ Mac Dixon-Fyle (1999). A Saro community in the Niger Delta, 1912–1984: the Potts-Johnsons of Port Harcourt and their heirs. University Rochester Press. p. 46. ISBN 1-58046-038-0.
- ↑ Peter Okoro Nwankwo (2010). Criminal justice in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras: an application of the colonial model to changes in the severity of punishment in Nigerian law. University Press of America. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7618-4646-8.
- ↑ Robert William July (2004). The origins of modern African thought: its development in West Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Africa World Press. p. 390. ISBN 1-59221-199-2.
- ↑ Holger G. Ehling; Claus-Peter Holste-von Mutius (2001). No condition is permanent: Nigerian writing and the struggle for democracy. Rodopi. p. 150. ISBN 90-420-1496-2.