Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu
 Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Kaduna, 1937 |
| ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Mutuwa | Nsukka, 1967 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (en)  |
| Harsuna |
Turanci Pidgin na Najeriya |
| Sana'a | |
Patrick Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1937 - ya mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1967) wani hafsan sojan Najeriya ne wanda ya taka rawar gani a juyin mulkin soja na farko da aka yi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966, wanda ya hambarar da Jamhuriyar Nijeriya ta Farko.
Rayuwar farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan Fage[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Patrick Chukwuma Nzeogwu a Kaduna babban birnin yankin Arewa ga iyayen Ibo na kabilar Anioma a Garin Okpanam na Yankin Yammacin Yamma (kusa da Asaba a cikin jihar Delta ta yanzu ). Nzeogwu ya halarci makarantar firamaren Katolika ta Saint Joseph da ke Kaduna don karatun firamare sannan kuma ya yi karatun sakandare ya halarci kwalejin da ke gasar tsere ta John da ke Kaduna, inda ya zama abokai na kud da kud da Christian Anufuro.[1]
A watan Maris na shekara ta 1957, Nzeogwu ya shiga soja a matsayin babban jami'in soja a rundinar Najeriya ta Yammacin Afirka sannan ya ci gaba da samun horo na watanni 6 a Kasar Ghana, sannan Gold Coast. Ya kammala karatunsa a Ghana kafin watan Oktoban shekara ta 1957 sannan ya wuce zuwa Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst inda aka ba shi izini a matsayin hafsan hafsoshi a shekara ta 1959. Daga baya ya halarci kwas na jami'in platoon a Hythe da kuma kwas ɗin kwamandan platoon a Warminster. Max Siollun, wani soja tarihi da aka bayyana Nzeogwu a matsayin "ibada Katolika, a teetotaler, wani maras smoker, kuma duk da kasancewa da takardun shaidar, bai ciyar da yawa lokaci ke bi mata".[2]
Aikin soja[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya a watan Mayun shekara ta 1960, an tura Nzeogwu zuwa Bataliya ta 1 a Enugu inda Manjo Aguiyi-Ironsi ya kasance babban kwamanda na biyu a karkashin wani jami'in Birtaniyya. Daga baya aka lika shi zuwa Bataliya ta 5 a Kaduna inda ya zama abokai da Olusegun Obasanjo . Abokan aikinsa na Hausa a Sojojin Najeriya sun ba shi suna " Kaduna " saboda kusancinsa da garin. Bayan ya yi aiki a Kongo a shekara ta 1961, an sanya Nzeogwu a matsayin jami’in horarwa a Depot na horar da Sojoji da ke Zariya na kimanin watanni 6 kafin a tura shi Legas don jagorantar sashin leken asirin soja a Hedikwatar Soja inda shi ne jami’in farko na Najeriya.[3]
Wanda ya rigaya ya jagoranci rundunar ta Nigerian Intelligence Corps (NAIC) shi ne Sashin Tsaron Field (FSS) na Royal Nigerian Army, wanda aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1962 tare da Kyaftin PG Harrington (BR) a matsayin Babban Jami'in Ma'aikata na Biyu (GSO2 Int). FSS ta kasance kungiyar tsaro ce wacce ayyukanta suka hada da tantance sojojin Najeriya (NA), tattara bayanan tsaro da kuma dakile bayanan sirri . Manjo Nzeogwu shi ne Babban Jami’in Nijeriya na farko da ya fara wannan nadin daga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 1962 zuwa shekara ta 1964. A matsayin sa na jami'in leken asirin soja, ya shiga binciken cin amanar kasa da laifi na Obafemi Awolowo da sauran membobin jam'iyyar Action Group. A cewar Olusegun Obasanjo, "Chukwuma yana da wasu kalamai masu zafi da zai yi game da tsaron kasa na (Nijeriya), da kuma wadanda ake bincika. Idan yana da yadda yake so, sai ya ce, yadda yake bi da duk lamarin zai kasance daban ". Nzeogwu an ba da rahoton adawa da wasu abokan aikinsa a matsayinsa na jami’in leken asirin soja har ma sun yi artabu da karamin Ministan Sojoji, Ibrahim Tako . Sakamakon haka, an tura shi zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya da ke Kaduna inda ya zama Babban Malami.
1966 juyin mulkin Najeriya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shiryawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shirye-shiryen juyin mulkin ya fara ne tare da wasu matasa masu ilimi a jami'a wadanda suka yi niyyar juyin juya halin soja ta kasa ta hanyar kwace iko a manyan biranen Kaduna (yankin Arewa) da Ibadan (Yankin Yammaci), sannan daga baya suka karbe ikon Lagos (Tarayya) Yankin ƙasa). Nzeogwu an ba shi aikin jagorantar juyin juya hali a yankin Arewa wanda ya fara da Operation Damisa a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966 kuma, a matakai na gaba, Operation Kura, Operation Zaki da Operation Giwa wanda da a ce an kashe kisan kafa arewa.
Nzeogwu ya fara shiri ne ta hanyar shirya atisayen dare biyu "Damisa" (Operation Tiger) don horar da sojoji sabbin dabarun fada. Atisayen ya samu amincewar ne daga mahukuntan runduna ta daya Brigade da alama ba su san ainihin manufar Nzeogwu da Birgediya Manjo, Alphonso Keshi ya aika da sakonni zuwa dukkan bangarorin da ke aiki a karkashin Birged don ba da gudummawar sojoji ga nasarar aikin. A lokacin da Manjo Keshi ya fahimci "Operation Damisa" haƙiƙa makircin sojoji ne ya yi latti don tunkarar aikin.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966, Nzeogwu ya jagoranci wasu sojoji a wani atisayen soja, inda ya kai su hari a gidan firaministan arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello a wani mummunan juyin mulki da ya kashe kisan gillar. Firimiyan Arewa da Yammacin Najeriya. Firayim Minista ( Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ), da wani ministan tarayya ( Festus Okotie-Eboh ), da manyan hafsoshin soja daga shiyyoyin Arewa da na Yammacin kasar su ma an kashe su da danyen aiki. Daga gwamnatin da ke akwai, Firayim Ministan yankin Gabas ( Michael Okpara ), Shugaban tarayyar Najeriya ( Nnamdi Azikiwe ) da Shugaban Sojojin Ibo ( Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ) fitattu ne wadanda suka tsira.
Kisa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966, Nzeogwu ya jagoranci wasu sojoji a wani atisayen soja, inda ya kai su harin gidan Firimiyan Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardaunan Sakkwato a wani juyin mulki da aka kashe kisan Firimiyan Arewa da Yammacin Najeriya. Firayim Minista ( Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ), da wani ministan tarayya ( Festus Okotie-Eboh ), da manyan hafsoshin soja daga shiyyoyin Arewa da na Yammacin kasar su ma an kashe su da danyen aiki. Daga gwamnatin da ke akwai, Firayim Ministan yankin Gabas ( Michael Okpara ), Shugaban tarayyar Najeriya ( Nnamdi Azikiwe ) da Shugaban Sojoji ( Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ) fitattu ne wadanda suka tsira.
Tsarin aikin Nzeogwu a Arewa ba karamin gudummawa ya yi ba wajen nasarar juyin mulkin a Arewacin Najeriya.
A cewar wani rahoto na Musamman na Ofishin ‘yan sanda na Najeriya, Nzeogwu ya zartar da hukuncin kisa a kalla sojoji 4 da jami’an tsaro na‘ yan sanda ciki har da daya daga cikin mutanen da ke cikin tawagarsa (Sajan Daramola Oyegoke). Nzeogwu ya kuma halarci kisan Col. Raph Shodeinde, babban jami'insa a Kwalejin Horar da Sojojin Najeriya kuma an ba da rahoton ya yi ta harbi ba ji ba gani ga mata da yara da ke gudu.[4]
Bayan jiran sanarwar ta safiyar ranar ta rediyo daga Manjo Adewale Ademoyega a Legas wanda hakan ba ta faru ba saboda gazawar juyin mulki a Legas, Manjo Nzeogwu ya yi sanarwar tsakiyar rana, inda ya ayyana dokar soja a Arewacin Najeriya.
Kamu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Biyo bayan sanarwar daga Kaduna, da kuma bayanin cewa Nzeogwu na tattara rundunoni don kai hari Legas wanda ya kasance babbar dama a lokacin, Kwamandan rundunar, Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi ya tura wakilai karkashin jagorancin wani mutum Maj. Nzeogwu an girmama shi sosai, Laftanar Kanar. Conrad Nwawo, zuwa Kaduna don sasantawa da tattaunawar sulhu da Maj. Nzeogwu da yiwuwar mika wuya. Maj. Nzeogwu ya gindaya sharudda wadanda Gen. Ironsi ya yarda. Aguyi Ironsi ya karbi mulki, sannan daga baya aka kama Nzeogwu a Legas a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966 sabanin yarjejeniyoyin da aka kulla a baya tsakanin Nzeogwu da Ironsi.[5] An tsare shi a kurkukun tsaro na Kirikiri Mafi Girma a Lagas kafin a canza shi zuwa gidan yarin Aba da ke yankin Gabas inda aka sake shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 1967 da Gwamnan yankin Gabas kuma Shugaban Biafra Chukwuemeka Ojukwu na gaba .
Yakin basasa da mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 30 ga watan Mayun, shekara ta 1967, Biafra ta ayyana ’yancinta daga Nijeriya; Wannan ya samo asali ne daga yawan kashe-kashen da ake yi wa 'yan kabilar Ibo a Arewacin Najeriya da kuma kin shugaban mulkin soja na wancan lokacin Janar Yakubu Gowon don tattara jami'an tsaro don dakatar da kashe-kashen.[6]
A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1967, Nzeogwu - wanda aka ciyar da su da daraja na wani Biafran Laftanar Kanar - aka kama a tarko a wani dako kusa da gano haka yayin gudanar da wani dare bincike aiki da tarayya dakarun na 21st bataliya karkashin Captain Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi.[7]
An kashe shi cikin aiki kuma daga baya aka gano gawarsa;[8] amma yayarsa ta dage cewa ya kashe kansa don gudun kada wulakanta shi daga sojojin tarayya. Bayan fatattakar umarnin Biafra da shugaban sojojin Najeriya Janar Yakubu Gowon ya bayar, cewa a binne shi a makabartar sojoji da ke Kaduna tare da cikakken girmamawar sojoji.[9]
Legacy[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wasu ra'ayoyi sun sanya Nzeogwu a matsayin mai neman sauyi amma duk da haka ayyukansa tare da wadanda suka yi juyin mulkin a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966 sun haifar da da mai ido ga zababbiyar gwamnatin Najeriya ta dimokiradiyya. Juyin mulkin ya haifar da kisan manyan jami'an gwamnati kuma ya ba da damar yin shekaru 13 na mulkin soja (daga shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1979), wanda gwamnatin dimokradiyya ta Najeriya ta yi wa alama daga shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983, wanda kuma wani tsoma bakin soja ya dakatar da shi wanda ya kara Shekaru 16 har zuwa Shekara ta 1999.[10]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. pp. 18–19. ISBN 9789780291341.
- ↑ Siollun, Max. ""The Five Majors": Myth and Reality".
- ↑ Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. pp. 71–77. ISBN 9789780291341.
- ↑ Omoigui, Nowamagbe. "SPECIAL BRANCH REPORT: "Military Rebellion of 15th January 1966". Gamji. Retrieved 27 January 2017
- ↑ "Military Rebellion of 15th January 1966: Part III"
- ↑ Omaka, Arua Oko (2018). "Conquering the Home Front: Radio Biafra in the Nigeria–Biafra War, 1967–1970". War in History. 25 (4): 555–575. doi:10.1177/0968344516682056. ISSN 0968-3445. S2CID 159866378.
- ↑ "Nzeogwu: Hero or villain?". The Nation Newspaper. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ↑ Obasanjo, Olusegun (1987). Nzeogwu: An Intimate Portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. Spectrum Books, 1987. p. 141. ISBN 9789780291341. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing, 2009. p. 242. ISBN 9780875867106.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:3