Cibiyar Ayalon

Cibiyar Ayalon
מכון איילון
More pictures
Wuri
Mediterranean country (en)	Isra'ila
Districts of Israel (en)	Central District (en)
Subdistrict of Israel (en)	Rehovot sub-district (en)
Birni	Rehovot (mul)
Coordinates	31°55′N 34°49′E
History and use
Opening	1945
Mai-iko	The council for conservation of heritage sites in israel (en)
Heritage
Contact
Address	גבעת הקיבוצים, רחובות
Offical website

Cibiyar Ayalon a Rehovot

Cibiyar Ayalon (Ibraniyawa: מכון Anitaלון, ) masana'antar bindigogi ce ta karkashin kasa, da ke kan kibbutz Hill a Rehovot, Isra'ila, an yi amfani da ita a matsayin kibbutz wanda ke gudanar da aikin wanki. An kafa masana'antar a 1945 kuma ta ƙera harsashi har zuwa 1948; a yau gidan kayan gargajiya ne da kuma wurin tarihi na ƙasa. An "halicce shi a asirce a kasa da wata daya, mita 8 (25 feet) a karkashin kasa kuma Haganah ne ke gudanar da shi".

Tarihi

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  Ayalon, "Tower and Stockade" action: construction of the barracks, 1 January 1939. Photo: Rudi Weissenstein.
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  Ayalon, agricultural training, March 1939. Photo: Rudi Weissenstein.
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  Ayalon (Khirbet Samach), watch tower, 1 January 1939. Photo: Rudi Weissenstein.
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  Ayalon 1943
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  Ayalon 1946

Ayyukan "Hasumiya da Stockade"

A watan Janairun 1939, a lokacin tawaye na Larabawa, an kafa matsayin "Hasumiya da Stockade" a Khirbet Samach a kan Kibbutz Hill da ke kallon Rehovot .  

Masana'antar katako

A shekarun 1930, shugabannin Zionist a lokacin (Birtaniya) Mandatory Palestine sun yanke shawarar cewa za su buƙaci makamai don kare kansu da kuma yin yaƙi don 'yancin kansu. An tsara shirye-shiryen shigo da makamai da kuma kafa masana'antun makamai na sirri kuma an aiwatar da su. Sten submachine gun, makami na sirri na Palmach, yana da sauƙin ginawa a ɓoye, amma Haganah yana da wahalar samun katunan 9 mm da ake buƙata don makamai.[1]

Shugaban masana'antar sojan Isra'ila ta sirri, Yosef Avidar (daga baya shugaban rundunar tsakiya), ya tsara wani shiri don shigo da injuna don masana'antar sirri don yin harsashi. An sayi na'urori goma sha biyu da ake buƙata don samar da katako (bugawa, hakowa, yankan tagulla, da dai sauransu) a Poland a cikin 1938. Saboda halin da ake ciki na kasa da kasa a lokacin, 'yan Zionist na iya tura injunan ne kawai zuwa Beirut (Lebanon), inda aka adana su kusan shekaru hudu a cikin ɗakin ajiyar Haganah. Tare da taimakon Yahudawa da ke aiki a cikin sojojin Burtaniya, an kawo injunan zuwa Falasdinu ta jirgin kasa.

Shafin don shuka na gaba, Kibbutz Hill, wuri ne inda majagaba za su je horo a rayuwar kibbutz kafin su ci gaba da kafa hadin gwiwa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wurin yana da fa'idodi da yawa na dabarun: an riga an kafa shi a matsayin kibbutz tare da Burtaniya, wurinsa a kan tudu ya ba da izinin gine-gine da gine-gine na karkashin kasa, kuma tashar jirgin kasa da ke kusa ta ba da hayaniya mai ƙarfi don rufe aikin masana'antar.

Haganah ta kusanci kuma daga baya ta dauki kungiyar matasa masu shigowa don kafa kibbutz da masana'antar makamai da ke tattare da shi. Kungiyar matasa 45 da matasa ne ke da alhakin kiyaye cikakken sirri, don kada su fuskanci hukuncin kisa a hannun Birtaniya, waɗanda ke da sansanin soja a cikin nisan tafiya daga wurin horo.

An kirkiro kibbutz a saman shuka ta sirri kawai don ɓoye shuka daga sojojin Burtaniya. Ba duk mambobin da ke cikin kibbutz ba ne suka san cewa akwai masana'antar makamai ta sirri a ƙarƙashin gidajensu, kuma ma'aikatan masana'antar suna kiran irin waɗannan mutane "giraffes", bayan hanyar sufuri da aka yi amfani da ita don giraffes a cikin gidan zoo na Tel Aviv, inda dabbobi ba su iya ganin abin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsu ba.

Kungiyar da ke aiki a masana'antar ɓoye ta ƙera wasu katako miliyan 2.25 tsakanin 1945 da 1948 - matsakaicin 40,000 a kowace rana - a ƙarƙashin hanci na sojojin Burtaniya.

1948

Tare da samun 'yancin kai, Isra'ila ba ta da mafita ga ɓoye ayyukan masana'antar. Saboda haka an motsa samar da katako sama da ƙasa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na masana'antun soja na tsakiya. Kungiyar majagaba ta matasa 45 sun yanke shawarar zama tare kuma su cika burinsu na asali don kafa sabon kibbutz. Sun yi haka a arewa, sun kafa kibbutz Ma'agan Micha'el a bakin teku kusa da Zichron Ya'acov a cikin 1949.  

Gidan kayan gargajiya

Asirin da aka kiyaye sosai game da samar da karkashin kasa ne kawai ya zama sananne ga jama'a a 1973.  

A yau, Cibiyar Ayalon gidan kayan gargajiya ce. A shekara ta 1987, an mayar da shafin don adanawa da nuna kibbutz da masana'antar karkashin kasa ga jama'a. Yana daya daga cikin wuraren tarihi na Isra'ila. Da yake taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan, Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa yana tallafawa ci gaba da farfadowa da adana shafin. A halin yanzu, wurin yana ba da itacen eucalyptus tare da teburin biki da alfarwan kwana da kuma jagorantar yawon shakatawa a duk sauran gine-gine da masana'antar kanta. Laurel Fairworth, mai gabatar da talabijin na Amurka, ya yanke shawarar a cikin 2015 don ƙirƙirar wani shirin fim game da wurin na musamman. An nuna taƙaitaccen docudrama a gidan kayan gargajiya a matsayin gabatarwa ga yawon shakatawa.

Gudanar da yawon shakatawa yana nuna ɗakin wanki da ƙofar sirri a ƙarƙashin na'urar wanki. Yawon shakatawa ya shiga masana'antar ta hanyar wani ƙofar - wanda aka shigar don baƙi na yau - wanda ke cikin gidan burodi, yana saukowa da tsani mai tsayi 25 feet zuwa ƙasa. Injinan suna cikin babban dakin, kuma har yanzu suna aiki a yau godiya ga ƙungiyar injiniyoyi daga Society for the Preservation of Israel Heritage Sites . Wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don gudanar da belin watsa su a cikin 40s an rarraba shi a asirce daga wurin aiki na jirgin ƙasa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da ƙaramin alamar "na gode da shi" da aka haɗe da bango kusa da injunan a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya. Har ila yau, yawon shakatawa yana nuna ɗakin radiation na UV, bayan gida (an kwashe abubuwan da ke ciki zuwa tsarin datti na kibbutz) da kuma tashar adana makamai. Ya ƙare tare da tafiya a baya ta hanyar kibbutz, waɗanda aka kiyaye su sosai godiya ga amfani da soja na yankin bayan 'yancin kai.  

Ayyukan masana'antu da haɗari

A cikin gajeren lokaci na makonni uku, an tono tudun kuma an gina babban ɗakin karkashin kasa na murabba'in yadudduka 300 (girman filin wasan tennis) 13 feet (8m) karkashin kasa tare da kusan ganuwar kankare mai kauri 0.5m). A sama, an gina irin gine-ginen da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kibbutz na yau da kullun - ɗakin cin abinci, zauren al'umma, gidan yara da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, an gina gidan wanki da gidan burodi. A nan, ana iya lura da cikakken shirin game da masana'antar a mafi kyawunta: Dole ne ya yi tsammanin duk wata barazana da za a iya yi wa ƙoƙarin kafa masana'antar makamai ta sirri. Dole ne a hango komai. Ana buƙatar ƙofar don ma'aikata su shiga masana'antar, da kuma buɗewa don saukar da injuna masu nauyi. Tambayar iska tana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda labaran rufewa masu yiwuwa ga ma'aikata. An sami waɗannan mafita: Babban rami da aka yi amfani da shi don saukar da injunan an rufe shi da tanda mai nauyin tan 10 na gidan burodi, yayin da aka saka rails don motsa shi a cikin kankare don kauce wa duk wani hasken haske. Shirin na gidan burodi ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin iska. Abokin hulɗarsa - ɗayan don samun iska mai kyau, ɗayan don kawo iskar gas da iska mai fitarwa - an ɓoye shi a cikin tsarin fasaha na wanki. Injin wanki na masana'antu na atomatik yana iya motsawa kuma yana ɓoye ƙofar sirri zuwa masana'antar karkashin kasa.  

Ana amfani da na'urar wanki wacce ta rufe hayaniya da ƙanshin masana'antar koyaushe, kuma ana wanke tufafin membobin kibbutz sau da yawa har suka zama ragged. Don warware wannan matsala kibbutz ta bude sabis na wanki. Kibbutzim da ke kewaye da su sun aika da lilin su don a wanke su don karamin kuɗi. Har ma da 'yan Burtaniya sun kawo kayan aikin su don a kula da su. Don nisanta ma'aikatan Burtaniya, kibbutz ya tsawaita aikin wanki ta hanyar sabis na isar da shi. Wani matsala mai tsanani, don samun duk tagulla da ake buƙata don harsasai, an warware shi a cikin wani yunkuri mai basira: Membobin kibbutz sun gaya wa Burtaniya cewa suna gudanar da ɗan kasuwancin kyau wanda ke samar da shari'o'i don lipsticks na kosher. Birtaniya sun yarda da manufar da aka bayyana na kasuwancin gefe - wanda aka ƙarfafa ta da kyaututtuka daga Yahudawa na shari'o'in lipstick ga jami'an Burtaniya - kuma bari kibbutz ta yi aiki.  

A ƙasa, mata da maza arba'in da biyar sun yi aiki a masana'antar harsashi na tsawon shekaru uku. Sun yi aiki a cikin sauye-sauye biyu don buga tagulla, lankwasawa da katako, yanke shi zuwa girmansa, cika shi da gunpowder kuma kammala kowane katako ta hanyar shigar da firam (wanda aka samar a wasu wurare). Biye da tsari mai tsauri da kwamitin sarrafawa don kowane mataki na samarwa, ma'aikata sun yi ƙoƙari su guji rauni ko mafi muni. Abin mamaki, a wani wuri an cika fiye da katako miliyan 2 da hannu da gunpowder, mafi munin rauni shine yanke yatsan hannu. Tun da yake bindigar da aka shigo da ita a cikin masana'antar wani lokacin ba ta da inganci, ma'aikatan ma suna da wurin gwaji a karkashin kasa. Don tabbatar da cewa harsashi yana da aminci kuma yana da tasiri, sun samo harsashi ba zato ba tsammani kuma sun harbe su a cikin dakin gwajin karkashin kasa a manufofi don bincika daidaito da daidaito. Kowace rana, a daidai lokacin da jirgin ya wuce, sun sami damar amfani da hayaniya ta hanyarsa don ɓoye gwajin gwajin su.  

Kowace rana ma'aikatan masana'antar za su je karkashin kasa da wuri, kuma a cikin ƙasa da minti uku don kauce wa ganowa. Kodayake ana musayar iska sau shida a awa daya, babu iska mai sanyaya, kuma musamman a kwanakin zafi yanayin aiki yana da wahala. (A yanayin zafi sama da 40 °C haɗarin ƙonewar bindigar ya dakatar da samarwa.) Rashin hasken rana ya rufe fata na ma'aikata, ya sanya labaran su (na aiki a filayen) a kan gungume kuma ya kara haɗarin rashin lafiya saboda rashin bitamin D. Bisa ga shawarar likitan likita, an shirya ƙarin abinci ga ma'aikata. kuma an shigar da fitilar UV a ƙarƙashin ƙasa don guje wa fata don kauce wa tuhumar su.  Kowace rana lokacin da suke barin masana'antar dole ne ma'aikata su tabbatar da cewa ba su da wata alama ta aikinsu, kamar shavings na tagulla ko gunpowder. Kowane mutum ya shiga cikin cikakken binciken tufafinsu, gashi da takalma kafin a ba shi izinin fita daga masana'antar. Don yin kamar suna shiga cikin rayuwar kibbutz ta yau da kullun, ma'aikata suna halartar abincin rana tare da sauran mazaunan kibbutz a cikin zauren cin abinci: Kowace tsakar rana suna barin masana'antar a asirce don cin abincin rana, kowannensu ko a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, don kwaikwayon isowa daga filayen da ke kewaye.  

A cikin shekara ta farko ta wanzuwarsa, an kwashe akwatunan makamai da aka kammala a waje da kibbutz a cikin ƙasan madara, madara ta kasance kayan aiki mara kyau ga kibbutz. Hadarin ganowa, da iyakantaccen ƙarar wannan ya ba da damar masana'antar ta motsa, ya haifar da bincike don sabon hanyar isar da shi. Har ila yau, ya zama dole a ba da izinin rarraba harsashi ga duk wuraren da ke Falasdinu waɗanda ke shirye-shiryen tsaro. An kafa sabuwar hanyar shigo da kayan aiki a ciki da waje da masana'antar: Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci da dare, ana isar da man fetur zuwa kibbutz ta hanyar babbar mota. An san direban motar ne kawai ga mutumin da ke cikin kibbutz. Direban zai shiga kibbutz, ya buga lambar sirri a ƙofar gidan burodi, ya sauka zuwa masana'antar, ya isar da sabon abu kuma ya ɗauki akwatunan da aka cika. Tun da ma'aikatan ba su taɓa saduwa da direban ba, ana kiran mutumin "wani elf", yana ba da kayan da ake buƙata ba tare da an gan shi ba. Ga Haganah, yana da mahimmanci cewa duk kungiyoyin sirri ba su taɓa sanin juna ba. A mafi munin yanayin - idan aka kama su - ba za su iya cin amanar wata kungiya ba sai nasu. An rarraba harsasai ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta kungiyoyin Haganah. Don haka, ta hanyar samar da makamai ga mayakan Palmach ya taka rawar gani wajen kafa Isra'ila.