Cibiyar Guguwa ta Kasa
 Cibiyar Guguwa ta Kasa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Suna a hukumance | National Hurricane Center |
| Gajeren suna | NHC |
| Iri | branch (en)  da government organization (en) |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mulki | |
| Hedkwata | University Park (en) |
| Mamallaki | National Centers for Environmental Prediction (en) da National Weather Service (mul) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1898 |
nhc.noaa.gov
   | |
Cibiyar Guguwa ta Kasa (NHC) ita ce rabuwa ta NOAA / National Weather Service ta Amurka da ke da alhakin bin diddigin da hasashen tsarin yanayi na wurare masu zafi tsakanin Firayim Meridian da 140th meridian yamma zuwa 30th parallel arewa a arewa maso gabashin Tekun Pacific da 31st parallel arewa a Arewacin Tekun Atlantika. Hukumar, wacce ke tare da reshen Miami na National Weather Service, tana kan harabar Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Florida a Jami'ar Park, Miami, Florida.
Ofishin Nazarin Tropical da Hasashen NHC (TAFB) akai-akai yana ba da hasashen ruwa, a cikin nau'ikan zane-zane da hasashen teku a duk shekara, tare da Cibiyar Hasashen Tekun da ke da alhakin ajiya ga wannan rukunin. Ofishin Fasaha da Kimiyya (TSB) yana ba da tallafin fasaha ga cibiyar, wanda ya haɗa da sabbin fasahohi daga ƙasashen waje. Cif, Aerial Reconnaissance Coordination, All Hurricanes (CARCAH) naúrar aiki jiragen sama, don bincike da dalilai na aiki, zuwa guguwa na wurare masu zafi a Lokacin guguwar Atlantic da kuma muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, gami da dusar ƙanƙara, a lokacin hunturu da bazara. Ana gudanar da bincike don inganta hasashen aiki ta hanyar Shirin Inganta Hasashen Guguwa (HFIP) da Joint Hurricane Test Bed (JHT).
A lokacin guguwar Atlantic da arewa maso gabashin Pacific, Ƙungiyar Kwararru ta Guguwa (HSU) tana ba da yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun don arewa maso gabobin Pacific da arewacin Tekun Atlantika. Lokacin da ake sa ran guguwa ko yanayin guguwa a cikin awanni 48, cibiyar tana ba da agogo da gargadi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio.
Kodayake NHC hukuma ce ta Amurka, Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya ta sanya shi a matsayin Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Yankin Arewacin Atlantic da gabashin Pacific, yana mai da shi wurin da za a iya yin hasashen guguwa da abubuwan lura da ke faruwa a waɗannan yankuna. Idan NHC ta rasa wutar lantarki ko kuma ta zama mara ƙarfi, Cibiyar Guguwar Tsakiya ta Pacific ta goyi bayan shawarwarin guguwa na wurare masu zafi da yanayin yanayi na wurare masu wurare masu zafi don arewa maso gabashin Tekun Pacific yayin da Cibiyar Tsinkaya ta Yanayi ta goyi bayar da shawarwarin gwagwarmayar wurare masu zafi na wurare masu yawa da yanayin zafi don Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihin Farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An kafa sabis na gargadi na guguwa na farko a cikin shekarun 1870 daga Cuba tare da aikin Uba Benito Viñes . Bayan mutuwarsa, Amurka Signal Corps da Ofishin Yanayi na Amurka sun ɗauki sabis na gargadi na guguwa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, na farko da suka kasance a Jamaica a 1898 da Cuba a 1899 kafin su koma Washington, DC, a 1902 . [1][2]
Babban ofishin a Washington, wanda ya samo asali a cikin Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa da Cibiyar Kulawa da Yanayi (wanda aka fi sani da Cibiyar Tsinkaya ta Hydrometeorological), ya ɗauki alhakin gargadi / ba da shawara na guguwa a wannan lokacin. Wannan alhakin ya wuce ga ofisoshin guguwa na yanki a cikin 1935, kuma an kafa manufar lokacin guguwar Atlantic don ci gaba da lura da guguwa ta wurare masu zafi a wasu lokuta na shekara. Shawarwarin guguwa da aka bayar kowane sa'o'i shida daga ofisoshin guguwa na yanki sun fara ne a wannan lokacin.[3]
Ofishin gargadi na guguwa na Jacksonville ya koma Miami, Florida, a cikin 1943. Sunan guguwa na wurare masu zafi ya fara ne don guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta Atlantic ta amfani da Joint Army / Naval Phonetic Alphabet ta shekara ta 1947. A cikin 1950, Ofishin Gargadi na Guguwa na Miami ya fara shirya labaran taƙaitaccen lokacin guguwa na shekara-shekara.[4] A cikin Lokacin Atlantika na 1953, Ofishin Yanayi na Amurka ya fara kiran guguwa wanda ya kai ga tsananin guguwa na wurare masu zafi tare da sunayen mutane.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ R. H. Simpson (September 1998). "Stepping Stones in the Evolution of a National Hurricane Policy". Weather and Forecasting. 13 (3): 617–620. Bibcode:1998WtFor..13..617S. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1998)013<0617:SSITEO>2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Staff (June 1959). "WB Hurricane Forecasting Service" (PDF). Weather Bureau Topics. United States Weather Bureau: 102–104. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
- ↑ Staff (1939-09-22). "Hurricane Warnings of the U. S. Weather Bureau". Science. 90 (2334): 266. doi:10.1126/science.90.2334.266-a. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
- ↑ Grady Norton (January 1951). "Hurricanes of the 1950 Season" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 79 (1): 8. Bibcode:1951MWRv...79....8N. doi:10.1175/1520-0493-79.1.8 (inactive July 12, 2025). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2012-04-23.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of ga Yuli, 2025 (link)
- ↑ Gary Padgett (1999). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary July 2007". Australian Severe Weather. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2010-10-07.