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Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Kashmir

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Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Kashmir an yi shi ne ta hanyar masu fafutuka daban-daban a yankunan da Indiya da Pakistan ke sarrafawa tun lokacin da rikice-rikicen kasashen biyu a yankin ya fara da yakin farko a 1947-1948, jim kadan bayan rabuwa da Indiya ta Burtaniya. Rashin amincewa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali a Kashmir yana da alaƙa da matsayin yankin da ake takaddama, wanda Indiya da Pakistan suka yi yaƙi da yawa. Fiye da haka, batun ya shafi cin zarafin da aka yi a Kashmir da ke karkashin mulkin Indiya (wanda ya hada da yankunan Jammu da Kashmir da Ladakh) da kuma Kashmir da Pakistan ke gudanarwa (wanda ya haɗa da yankunan Azad Jammu da Kashmir da Gilgit-Baltistan).

Kashmir da ke karkashin mulkin Indiya

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Abubuwan da suka faru a kusa da Layin Kulawa (LoC) tare da Pakistan

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Layin Kulawa (LOC) layin kula da soja ne tsakanin sassan da ke karkashin ikon Indiya da Pakistan na Kashmir . Layin ba ya zama iyakar kasa da kasa ta doka amma iyaka ce ta zahiri, an sanya ta a 1948 a matsayin layin tsagaita wuta, ta raba Kashmir zuwa sassa biyu kuma ta rufe hanyar kwarin Jehlum, ƙofar kawai ta Kwarin Kashmir. Wannan rarrabuwar yanki wanda, har zuwa yau har yanzu yana nan ya raba ƙauyuka da yawa kuma ya raba 'yan uwa daga juna.[1] Binciken da Sojoji suka dasa a gefen layin ya kashe mutane da yawa marasa laifi kuma ya bar dubban nakasassu. Ba tare da diyya ba, waɗannan nakasassu a cikin Kashmir na Indiya suna gwagwarmaya don tsira.[2]

A lokacin tashin hankali na Kashmir na 2008, kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hindu da magoya bayan Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata sun toshe babbar hanyar Srinagar-Jammu (NH 1A). Hanyar babbar hanyar ƙasa guda ɗaya da ke haɗa Kwarin Kashmir zuwa sauran Indiya ta kasance a rufe na kwanaki da yawa kuma ta dakatar da samar da kayayyaki masu mahimmanci.[3][4] A mayar da martani ga toshewar, a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 2008, a karkashin jagorancin Sheikh Abdul Aziz, masu zanga-zangar Kashmiri 50,000 zuwa 2,50,000 sun yi ƙoƙari su haye Layin Kulawa zuwa Muzaffarabad. An dakatar da masu zanga-zangar a Uri wanda ya haifar da kashe mutane goma sha biyar da daruruwan da suka ji rauni lokacin da 'yan sanda da sojojin Indiya suka harbe su.[5] Wata taken da masu zanga-zangar suka gabatar ita ce, Khooni lakir tod do aar paar jod do (Ka rushe layin sarrafawa da ke cike da jini bari Kashmir ta sake haɗuwa).

Jammu da Kashmir

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Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Jammu da Kashmir, Yankin da ake jayayya da shi wanda Indiya ke gudanarwa, batun ne mai gudana. Zargin ya fito ne daga kisan kiyashi, tilasta bacewar mutane, [6] azabtarwa, [7] fyade da cin zarafin jima'i [8] zuwa hana 'yancin magana da haramta tarurrukan addini. An yi Kisan kiyashi da yawa a yankin tun daga shekarar 1990. Sojojin Indiya, Sojojin Tsakiya na Tsakiya, Ma'aikatan Tsaro na Yankin da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye daban-daban an zarge su da aikata mummunar cin zarafin' yancin ɗan adam a kan Fararen hula na Kashmiri.[9]   A cewar alkalumman hukuma da aka fitar a taron Jammu da Kashmir, kusan mutane 47,000 - ciki har da jami'an 'yan sanda 7,000 da 'yan bindiga 20,000 - sun mutu saboda ta'addanci a watan Yuli 2009, kuma 3,400 sun bace. Batun WikiLeaks ya zargi Indiya da cin zarafin bil'adama na tsari, ya bayyana cewa jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka sun mallaki shaidun da ke nuna yadda 'yan sandan Indiya da jami'an tsaron Indiya ke yawan azabtar da su..[10]

Indiya ta ki amincewa da kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Afrilun 2019 da ke tambaya game da matakan da New Delhi ta dauka don magance zargin cin zarafin da aka jera a cikin rahoton OHCHR. Amnesty International ta dakatar da aikinta a Indiya a watan Satumbar 2020 bayan da ake zargin gwamnati ta daskare asusun bankin ta, wanda kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta yi wani bangare ga kiranta ga hukumomin Indiya da su ba da lissafin "mummunar keta hakkin dan adam a cikin rikice-Rikicin Delhi da Jammu & Kashmir". [11] Hukumar Bincike ta Indiya ta kai hari ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa a watan Oktoba 2020 saboda zargin kudade ga ayyukan ta'addanci a Jammu da Kashmir, wani mai magana da ya soki matakin a matsayin "rashin kare hakkin dan Adam".[12]

Sojojin tsaro na Indiya

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A watan Satumbar 1990 an kafa Dokar Sojoji (Ƙarfin Musamman) a Jammu da Kashmir bayan sun wuce a Majalisar dokokin Indiya don magance hauhawar Kashmir Insurgency . Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Amnesty ta yi iƙirarin cewa iko na musamman a ƙarƙashin (AFSPA) ya ba da kariya ga rundunar tsaro daga zargin da aka yi, kuma ya yi Allah wadai da shi. [13] [14] Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam Navanethem Pillay ya bukaci Indiya da ta soke AFSPA da kuma bincika bacewar a Kashmir.[15]

A ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009 Babban Ministan ya bayyana cewa ya kamata a soke dokar, duk da haka jami'an tsaro sun ce soke dokar zai zama da lahani ga tsaro kuma ya taimaka wa halin ta'addanci, kodayake yaƙin ya ki amincewa da aikin har yanzu yana aiki. Ƙungiyoyin ba da agaji na kasa da kasa da kuma ma'aikatar jihar Amurka sun rubuta wuce gona da iri kamar bacewarsu, azabtarwa da kisa da aka yi a lokacin ayyukan ta'addancin Indiya.

Har ila yau, mai kula da haƙƙin ɗan adam ya zargi Sojojin Tsaro na Indiya da amfani da yara a matsayin 'yan leƙen asiri da manzanni, Sojojin Indiya sun yi niyya ga manema labarai da masu fafutukar haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa, an kuma zarge su da aikata fyade sama da 200 a ƙoƙarin tsoratar da jama'ar yankin. An bayar da rahoton cewa igiyoyin Wikileaks sun ƙunshi kayan da ke nuna cewa Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya ya sanar da jami'an Amurka a Indiya, yana zargin cewa Indiya ta "ba da" azabtarwa da kuma cewa "haɓakawar jima'i" ya zama wani ɓangare na cin zarafin wadanda abin ya shafa. ICRC ta yi zargin cewa daga cikin fursunoni 1296 da aka yi hira da su, 681 sun ba da rahoton cewa an azabtar da su. Daga cikin wadanda, mutane 304 sun koka game da azabtarwa / cin zarafin jima'i.

A shekara ta 2005 Médecins Sans Frontières sun gudanar da bincike a Kashmir wanda ya gano cewa yawan mutanen da suka ga fyade a Kashmir tun daga shekara ta 1989 ya fi yawan mutanen da sun ga fyade ne a wasu yankuna masu rikitarwa kamar Chechnya da Sri Lanka. [16] Binciken ya gano cewa kashi 13% na masu amsa sun ga fyade kuma kashi 11.6% na waɗanda aka yi hira da su kansu sun kasance wadanda aka yi wa fyade tun daga shekara ta 1989.[17][16] Dokta Seema Kazi ya bayyana cewa fyade da jami'an tsaro na Indiya suka aikata sun fi fyade da 'yan ta'adda suka aikata a duka sikelin da mitar.[16] Farfesa William Baker ya bayyana a Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 52 kan 'Yancin Dan Adam cewa fyade a Kashmir wata dabara ce ta sojojin Indiya don wulakanci mutanen Kashmiri.[16]

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, hukumomi a Kashmir da ke karkashin mulkin Indiya sun kama sojoji uku na Indiya bayan da aka yi wa yarinya mai shekaru 17 fyade. A watan Yulin 2011, an yi zanga-zangar adawa da Indiya a Srinagar game da zargin fyade da aka yi wa wata mace mai shekaru 25 a kauyen Manzgam.[18]

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, Babban Ministan Jammu da Kashmir ya nemi gafara saboda sakin sunaye, iyaye da adiresoshin wadanda aka yi wa fyade 1400 . Koyaya, ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da ko 'yan tsaro ne,' yan ta'adda ko wani ɓangare na aikata laifuka ba.[19] Liaquat Ali Khan, wani marubucin ilimi ya yi la'akari da cewa waɗannan wuce gona da iri a Kashmir ba su da izinin hukuma amma suna da sauƙin yin hakan saboda iko, don yin la'akari le ƙauyuka da kewayen ƙauyuka, waɗanda doka ta ba da su ga jami'an tsaro. Hukumomi suna amfani da haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan ta'adda don lalata shaidar wadanda abin ya shafa, idan aka kafa ƙungiyar. Sojojin tsaro sun aiwatar da kisan kai, hare-hare da sauran keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. Binciken da hukumar kare hakkin dan adam ta Jammu da Kashmir ta yi ya gano gawawwakin 2730 a cikin kaburbura marasa alama a wurare 38 a arewacin Kashmir. Akalla 574 daga cikin wadannan an gano su a matsayin mutanen yankin.

A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2017, a cikin Lamarin Garkuwar mutum na Kashmir wani mutum mai shekaru 26 da Sojojin Indiya suka kama, an ɗaure shi a gaban Jeep na Sojojin India yayin da wani shafi na sojojin Indiya ke motsawa ta wani yanki. An ruwaito cewa an ɗaure mutumin da abin hawa don hana wasu 'yan tawaye na Kashmiri daga jefa duwatsu ga sojojin Indiya. An zargi mutumin da hannu a jefa duwatsu a kan sojojin Indiya. Gwamnatin Indiya ta bayyana cewa za ta tsaya a kan jami'in da ya yanke shawarar amfani da mai tayar da kayar baya a matsayin garkuwar mutum. Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta J&K ta umarci Gwamnatin Jammu da Kashmir da ta biya Rupees 10 a matsayin diyya ga mutumin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman garkuwar ɗan adam. Gwamnatin Jammu da Kashmir ta ki biyan kuɗi. Manjo Leetul Gogoi ya sami Katin yabo na Babban Jami'in Sojoji daga Janar Bipin Rawat don ayyukan yaki da ta'addanci, wanda ya haɗa da ɗaure mai zanga-zangar Kashmiri zuwa jeep a matsayin garkuwar mutum.

Rahotanni na azabtarwa sun fito ne a cikin 2019 a lokacin kullewar Jammu da Kashmir, tare da mazauna Kashmir 3,000 da aka tsare a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta.[20] Masu fafutuka a ranar 25 ga Satumba na wannan shekarar sun gano cewa an tsare kimanin yara maza 13,000 tun daga ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, suna da'awar cewa hukumomin Indiya sun yi amfani da karfi sosai yayin kamawa da azabtarwa ga wasu daga cikin yara yayin da suke kurkuku.[21]

Binciken hadin gwiwa na 2020 daga Kwalejin Skidmore ta New York da jami'ar Kashmiri sun gano cewa kashi 91% na daliban kwalejin da aka bincika suna son cikakken janyewar sojojin Indiya daga yankin.[22] A cewar Associated Press a watan Agustan 2019, yawancin Kashmir suna son samun 'yancin kai daga Indiya ko haɗuwa da Pakistan.[23]

Masu fafutukar Musulmi

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An bayar da rahoton fyade da mayakan Islama suka yi tun lokacin yakin Indo-Pakistan na 1947. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1947, mayakan Pashtun sun mamaye Baramulla a cikin motar sojojin Pakistan, kuma sun yi wa mata fyade ciki har da nuns na Turai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sace matar wani mai binciken BSF, an azabtar da ita kuma an yi mata fyade na kwanaki da yawa. Sa'an nan kuma an watsar da jikinta da ya karye a kan hanya. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1990, wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Kashmiri Pandit daga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Sher-i-Kashmir da ke Srinagar an yi mata fyade sannan 'yan ta'adda suka yi mata duka har suka mutu. Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) ta dauki alhakin laifin, ta zargi Bhat da sanar da 'yan sanda game da kasancewar' yan ta'adda a asibitin.[24] A ranar 6 ga watan Yunin 1990, an sace mataimaki a makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata ta gwamnati ta Trehgam kuma an yi wa kungiyar fyade na kwanaki da yawa. Sa'an nan kuma an yanka ta a wani sawmill.

An sace Prana Ganjoo tare da mijinta a Sopore . An yi mata fyade na kwanaki da yawa kafin a kashe su duka a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1990.

Daga shekarar 1993, rahotannin fyade da mayakan Islama ke yi ya karu, kuma an samu yawaitar hare-haren da mayakan suka yi na cewa za su kashe dangi matukar ba a mika mace ga mayakan ba.  A cewar HRW, wadanda aka yi wa fyaden da mayakan suka yi wa fyade sun fuskanci kyama kuma akwai "ka'idar shiru da tsoro" da ta hana mutane bayar da rahoton irin wannan cin zarafi.  A cewar HRW, binciken shari’ar fyade da ‘yan bindiga suka yi ya yi wuya, domin da yawa daga cikin ‘yan Kashmir ba sa son a tattauna shi saboda fargabar tashin hankali.  An zargi likitan da kasancewa mai ba da labari daga kungiyoyin Musulunci na Hezb-ul Mujahidin da Al Jehad.[1]  A cikin Janairu 1991, an tilasta wa wata mace ta "aure" 'yar gwagwarmaya.  An kashe dan uwanta ne lokacin da iyalin suka ki, kuma aka tafi da yarinyar.[2]  A ranar 30 ga Maris 1992, 'yan bindiga dauke da makamai sun bukaci abinci da matsuguni daga dangin wani direban babbar mota mai ritaya a Nai Sadak, Kralkhud.  Iyalin sun bi umarnin, amma mayakan sun kashe mai gidan tare da yi wa diyarsa fyade.  Sa'an nan kuma an harbe su duka biyun.  “Mijinta” da abokansa ‘yan tsagera ne suka yi mata fyade tare da yi mata fyade.] A cikin watan Disambar 2005, wata ‘yar shekara 15 a Bajoni ( gundumar Doda) ta auri wata ‘yar gwagwarmayar Hizbul-Mujahideen, bayan an yi barazanar kashe danginta[3].  Rahotonni na lokaci-lokaci da Amnesty, Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya, Human Rights Watch da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka suka tattara bayanan take hakkin bil'adama da kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga da Pakistan ke goyon baya.

Rikicin da aka yi wa 'yan Hindu
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A lokacin fashewar tashin hankali a kwarin Kashmir, ta'addanci da yawancin ƙungiyoyi suka yi niyya musamman ga 'yan tsiraru na Hindu Kashmiri kuma sun keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. Rahotanni daga gwamnatin Indiya an kashe pandits 219 na Kashmiri kuma kusan 140,000 suka yi ƙaura saboda yaƙi yayin da sama da 3000 suka zauna a kwarin.[25] Rahotanni daga Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch da Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya sun tabbatar da rahotanni na Indiya game da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yan bindiga da Pakistan ke tallafawa.

A cewar wani rahoto da Asia Watch ta buga:

In Kashmir, the militant forces do not control territory and their military operations are generally characterised by ambushes of government forces and hit-and-run attacks for which they rely on weapons such as AK-47s, grenades, mines and other small arms. However, the guerrillas command considerable support throughout the valley and may take refuge among local civilians following these operations. Unable to locate or identify the militants, government forces routinely respond to the attacks by retaliating against entire villages, killing and assaulting civilians and destroying their property.[26]

Dangane da ƙuduri da Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta zartar a shekara ta 2006, 'yan ta'adda na Islama sun shiga yankin a shekara ta 1989 kuma sun tilasta wa mafi yawan' yan Kashmiri Pandits su gudu daga Kashmir. A cewar rahoton, yawan mutanen Kashmiri Pandits a Kashmir ya ragu daga 400,000 a 1989 zuwa 4,000 a 2011.[27] Wadannan kungiyoyi sun yi niyya ga Hindu a kwarin Kashmir wanda ya tilasta kimanin 100,000 su gudu.[28]

Daga 1994 zuwa 1998, an zargi Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front da Tsabtace kabilanci ta hanyar amfani da kisan kai, ƙonewa da fyade a matsayin makamin yaki don fitar da daruruwan dubban Pandits daga yankin. A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 1998, mutane 23 na Kashmiri Pandits, ciki har da mata tara da kananan yara hudu da ke zaune a ƙauyen Wandhama, wadanda ba a san su ba sun kashe su da kayan soja na Indiya, wadanda ke shan shayi tare da su, suna jiran sakon rediyo wanda ke nuna cewa an rufe dukkan iyalai na Pandit a ƙauyukan. Bayan haka, sun tattara dukkan mambobin gidajen Hindu sannan suka harbe su da bindigogin Kalashnikov.[29][30][31]

An ruwaito fararen hula na Hindu a shekara ta 2005 cewa mambobin kungiyoyin ta'addanci kamar JKLF da Hizbul Mujahideen sun yi musu fyade da kisan kai.[24] An kuma yi wa fararen hula Musulmai da aka dauka a matsayin masu adawa da 'yan ta'adda siyasa ko wadanda aka yi imanin su masu ba da labari ba ko kuma an kashe su.

Kashemir da Pakistan ke gudanarwa

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Azad Jammu da Kashmir

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  Pakistan, Jamhuriyar Musulunci, ta sanya takunkumi da yawa a kan 'yancin addini na mutane. Har ila yau, 'yan tsiraru na addini suna fuskantar nuna bambanci na tattalin arziki da na al'umma ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma sun kasance makasudin tashin hankali na ɗarika.[32]

Tsarin mulki na Azad Kashmir musamman ya haramta ayyukan da zasu iya zama masu son kai ga shiga jihar zuwa Pakistan, kuma saboda haka a kai a kai yana hana zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati. Yawancin kungiyoyin mayakan Islama suna aiki a wannan yanki ciki har da Al-Qaeda, tare da izini daga leken asiri na Pakistan.[32]

An yi zargin cin zarafin bil adama.  Wani rahoto mai taken "Kashmir: Halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu da makomar gaba", wanda Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson na Winterbourne, ya gabatar wa Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, ya yi suka game da rashin 'yancin ɗan adam, adalci, dimokuradiyya, da wakilcin Kashmiri a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan.  A cewar Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Pakistan, Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Pakistan tana gudanar da ayyukan leken asiri a yankin Kashmir da ke karkashin Pakistan kuma tana da hannu wajen sa ido sosai, kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, azabtarwa, da kisan kai.  Gabaɗaya ana yin haka ne ba tare da hukunta masu laifi ba [2] .  Rahoton na 2008 da Hukumar Kula da ‘Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar ya tabbatar da cewa Kashmir da Pakistan ke mulki ba ‘yanci ba ce.] A cewar Shaukat Ali Kashmiri, shugaban kungiyar hadin kan Kashmir ta kasa da kasa, “A daya bangaren Pakistan na ikirarin cewa ita ce zakaran ‘yancin cin gashin kai na al’ummar Kashmir, amma ta ki amincewa da irin wannan hakki a karkashin ikonta na Kashmir da Gilgit-".

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009, masu fafutuka na kungiyoyin Kashmiri masu kishin kasa sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a Muzaffarabad don hukunta zargin da ake yi na magudi a zaben da kuma kashe wani dalibi mai shekaru 18 a lokacin zaben. Kisan ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka yadu a cikin gundumar.

Babban zanga-zangar ta tashi a lokacin Fabrairu 2012 Kohistan Killings inda aka umarci mutane 18 daga bas kuma 'yan bindiga suka kashe su a kan hanyar Islamabad-Gilgit. Dokar ta jawo la'akari daga Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon . [33]

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2019, masu zanga-zangar suna neman a canza majalisar dokoki ta Azad Kashmir zuwa majalisar dokoki da kuma hada yankin da yankin Gilgit-Baltistan. A sakamakon 'yan sanda da ke ƙoƙarin dakatar da taron, mutane 100 sun ji rauni.[34]

Gilgit da Baltistan

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Babban abin da jama'ar Gilgit-Baltistan ke bukata shine matsayin tsarin mulki ga yankin a matsayin lardin Pakistan na biyar. Duk da haka, Pakistan ta yi iƙirarin cewa Gilgit-Baltistan ba za a iya ba da matsayin tsarin mulki saboda alƙawarin Pakistan ga ƙuduri na 1948 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A 2007, International Crisis Group ya bayyana cewa "Kusan shekaru sittin bayan Pakistan 'yancin kai, matsayin tsarin mulki na Federally Administered Northern Areas (Gilgit da Baltistan), da zarar wani ɓangare na tsohon yarima mai mulkin, Kashmir kuma yanzu Pakistan ta kasance karkashin mulkin Jammu. Mafarki mai nisa. Mazauna yankin sun fusata saboda rashin son Islamabad na mika mulki a zahiri ga zababbun wakilanta.. "

A shekara ta 2009, gwamnatin Pakistan ta aiwatar da kunshin cin gashin kanta ga Gilgit-Baltistan wanda ke da haƙƙoƙi kamar na sauran lardunan Pakistan.[35] Gilgit-Baltistan ta haka ne ya sami matsayin lardin ba tare da an ba shi irin wannan matsayi bisa tsarin mulki ba.[35][36] Gwamnatin kai tsaye ta Islamabad ta maye gurbin zaɓaɓɓen majalisa da babban ministanta.[35][36]

An yi zargi da adawa da wannan yunkuri a Pakistan, Indiya, da Pakistan da ke gudanar da Kashmir. An yi wa wannan matakin lakabi da ido don ɓoye ainihin injiniyoyin iko, waɗanda ake zargin suna ƙarƙashin ikon kai tsaye na gwamnatin tarayya ta Pakistan. 'Yan siyasar Kashmiri na Pakistan sun yi adawa da kunshin wadanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa hadewar Gilgit-Baltistan cikin Pakistan zai lalata shari'arsu don samun' yancin Kashmir daga Indiya.[37] Masu gwagwarmaya 300 daga kungiyoyin Kashmiri sun yi zanga-zanga a lokacin zaben majalisar dokoki na farko na Gilgit-Baltistan, tare da wasu dauke da banners da ke karantawa "Tsarin fadada Pakistan a Gilgit-Maltistan ba a yarda da shi ba". Koyaya, mutane da yawa na Gilgit-Baltistan suna adawa da haɗin kai cikin Kashmir. Suna son a haɗa yankin su cikin Pakistan a matsayin lardin daban.[37]

Dubi kuma

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  • Rikicin Kashmir, rikici na yanki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan game da yankin Kashmir Cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Jammu da Kashmir, wani bayyani na cin zarafin da aka shirya a yankin da ke karkashin mulkin Indiya Cin zarafin' yancin ɗan adam na Azad Jammu da Cashmir, wani Bayani na cin zarafi da aka shirya cikin yankin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Pakistan
    • Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Jammu da Kashmir, wani bayyani game da cin zarafin da aka shirya a yankin da ke karkashin mulkin Indiya
    • Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Azad Jammu da Kashmir, wani bayyani game da cin zarafin da aka shirya a yankin da Pakistan ke gudanarwa
  • 'Yancin Dan Adam a Indiya, bayyani game da yanayin' yancin Dan Adam ko'ina cikin Indiya
  • 'Yancin Dan Adam a Pakistan, wani bayyani game da yanayin' yancin Dan Adam ko'ina cikin Pakistan
  • Gina zaman lafiya a Jammu da Kashmir, matakan gina amincewa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan a yankin
  • Tika Lal Taploo

Bayanan littattafai

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  • Bansal, Alok (2018). Gilgit-Baltistan da Saga na Rashin Hakkin Dan Adam marar iyaka. Taron 'Yancin Dan Adam na Asiya da Asiya. Pentagon Press LLP. New Delhi. ISBN 9789386618610
  1. ↑ Ranjan Kumar Singh, Sarhad: Zero Mile, (Hindi), Parijat Prakashan, ISBN 81-903561-0-0
  2. ↑ "Mines of war maim innocents". tehelka.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  3. ↑ "It's not Jammu or Kashmir". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  4. ↑ "Protests in Delhi over Amarnath land transfer row". thaindia.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  5. ↑ Naqvi, Jawed (12 August 2008). "Troops open fire as 250,000 'march to Muzaffarabad': APHC leader Sheikh Aziz killed". DAWN.COM.
  6. ↑ Binish Ahmed (August 8, 2019). "Call the crime in Kashmir by its name: Ongoing genocide". The Conversation (in Turanci).
  7. ↑ "Kashmir: Indian Army accused of torture". BBC News (via Youtube). August 2019.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hartjen
  9. ↑ Hindwan, Sudhir (1998). Verma, Bharat (ed.). "Policing the police". Indian Defence Review. Lancer. 13 (2): 95. ISSN 0970-2512.
  10. ↑ "The Indian Government Has Systematically Used Torture to Crush Opposition in Kashmir, New Report Finds". The Intercept (in Turanci). 26 May 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  11. ↑ "Amnesty International's claims of 'witch-hunt' a ploy to divert attention from illegalities: Govt". The Indian Express (in Turanci). 2020-09-29.
  12. ↑ "Russia, China, Israel and Now India: Countries where Amnesty Has Had Rough Time with Govts". News18 (in Turanci). 2020-09-30.
  13. ↑ "India: Security forces cannot claim immunity under AFSPA, must face trial for violations". Amnesty International. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  14. ↑ Global Press Institute (7 March 2012). "Mass Rape Survivors Still Wait for Justice in Kashmir". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  15. ↑ "India has duty to use global influence to speak out on human rights". United Nations News Service. 25 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Kazi, Seema (2014). "Rape, Impunity And Justice In Kashmir" (PDF). Socio-Legal Review. 10: 22. doi:10.55496/ZCWJ8096 Check |doi= value (help). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  17. ↑ "Médecins Sans Frontières – Kashmir: Violence and Health" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  18. ↑ "Kashmir protests alleged rape by soldiers". The Daily Telegraph. 23 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  19. ↑ "Kashmir leader apologises for rape victims list". The Straits Times. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  20. ↑ "With meticulous planning, mass arrests and 'torture', Kashmir's autonomy was lost". The Independent (in Turanci). 1 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  21. ↑ "Young boys tortured in Kashmir clampdown as new figures show 13,000 teenagers arrested". The Daily Telegraph. 2019.
  22. ↑ Umar Lateef Misgar (12 March 2020). "Young Kashmiris want Indian forces to leave: Survey". Al Jazeera (in Turanci).
  23. ↑ TIM SULLIVAN (August 15, 2019). "Modi clamps down on Kashmir, and India loves him for it". Associated Press (in Turanci).
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "19/01/90: When Kashmiri Pandits fled Islamic terro". Rediff.com. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  25. ↑ "219 Pandits Killed in J&K Since 1989". news.outlookindia.com. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  26. ↑ James Goldston; Patricia Gossman (2000). Human Rights in India: Kashmir Under Siege. Asia Watch Committee (U.S.), Human Rights Watch (Organization). p. 19. ISBN 9780300056143. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  27. ↑ "Resolution on Kashmiri Pandits in US House". Rediff.com. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
  28. ↑ Azad Essa (1 August 2011). "Kashmir: The Pandit question | India News". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  29. ↑ IBTL. "The Massacre at Wandhama, Kashmir : 25 January 1998". Ibtl.in. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  30. ↑ "'I heard the cries of my mother and sisters',rediff.com". Rediff.com. 27 January 1998. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  31. ↑ PRADEEP DUTTA Posted: 28 July 2002 at 0000 hrs IST JAMMU (28 July 2002). "I saw them kill my entire family IndianExpress.com". The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UNHCRpak
  33. ↑ "Tension prevails in GB after Kohistan killings". The News International. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  34. ↑ Shams, Shamil (23 October 2019). "Why calls for independence are getting louder in Pakistani Kashmir". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Nadeem (21 September 2009). "Gilgit-Baltistan: A question of autonomy". The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "DAWN: Gilgit-Baltistan autonomy". Dawn. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Shigri, Manzar. "Pakistan's disputed Northern Areas go to polls". Reuters. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
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