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Cindy Judd Hill

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Cindy Judd Hill
Rayuwa
Haihuwa 5 ga Maris, 1926
ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa 2019
Sana'a
Sana'a feminist (en) Fassara

Dorothy I. "Cindy" Judd Hill (Maris 5, 1926 - Maris 2, 2019) yar wasan Ba'amurke ce kuma ta yi nasara. Tana aiki a matsayin malamin waka ne aka kore ta saboda tana da juna biyu a lokacin da take shekara ta sabati, kuma ta kai karar gundumar makarantarta, bisa zargin cewa ta fuskanci wariyar aiki. Shari'arta ta je Kotun Koli ta Pennsylvania kuma ta yi nasara, wanda ya fara mai da hankali kan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata. Ta kasance memba ta kafa Babban Yankin Pittsburgh da surori na Kudancin Hills na Kungiyar Mata ta Kasa kuma ta kasance mai himma a yakin neman amincewa da Kwaskwarima Daidaito . Bayan ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1984, ta fara fafatawa a gasar zakarun masu kyau, inda ta samu sarautar Ms. National Senior Citizen a shekarar 1993.

Rayuwar farko

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An haifi Hill a ranar 5 ga Maris, 1926. Ta girma a Duquesne, Pennsylvania . Ta na da 'yan'uwa biyu, Myrtle da Raymond "Bud". Tun tana yarinya, ta ɗauki darussan rawa na famfo wanda Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Ayyuka ta shirya kuma ta shirya zama ƴar rawa da mawaƙa. [1] Yayin da take makarantar sakandare, wata abokiyar karatunta ta yi mata lakabi da "Gams". [2] A 1944, ta sauke karatu daga Duquesne High School kuma ta fara karatu a Westminster College, inda ta sauke karatu a 1947 tare da digiri na farko a ilmin kiɗa. Ta sadu da John "Jack" Hill lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha huɗu. Sa’ad da ya dawo daga yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ma’auratan sun yi aure a Afrilu 1945. Ya ba ta shawara sau da yawa a wasiƙu har sai ta amince ta aure shi. Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Thornburg, Pennsylvania, wani yanki na Pittsburgh, inda mijinta ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan farar hula. [1] [3] Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya hudu: John Lancing, Jonathan Jay, A. Judson, da C. Irene. Ta kasance uwar gida har zuwa 1956 lokacin da ta yanke shawarar zuwa aiki. [1]

Shari'ar nuna wariya

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Hill ta fara aiki a matsayin malamin kiɗa a makarantar sakandare ta Chartiers Valley a 1956. Ta zauna a can har tsawon shekaru goma masu zuwa har sai da ta ɗauki hutun hutun shekara a 1966 don yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin kiɗa daga Jami'ar Duquesne . Yayin da take karatu, ta sami juna biyu kuma ta haifi ɗanta na huɗu, Jay, amma makarantar ta kore ta a lokacin da ta yi ƙoƙarin komawa bayan hutu. [4] [5] Gundumar makaranta ta bukaci malamai su sanar da su juna biyu cikin watanni hudu kuma su dauki hutun haihuwa ba tare da biya ba na shekara guda. [5] Sun yi gardama cewa ta nemi sabbatical - sharuddan da ya ba ta damar biya ta rabin albashinta yayin da take karatu - a kan karya. Ta shigar da kara a kan gundumar Makarantar Chartiers Valley, ta dogara da dokar damar aiki daidai da tarayya da ta haramta wariyar aiki. [6] [5] An tallafa mata a shari'arta, Hill v. Chartiers School District, da sabuwar kungiyar mata ta kasa (NOW) da kungiyar Ilimi ta Jihar Pennsylvania . [5] [7] Shari'ar ta sami ɗaukar hoto na gaba daga Pittsburgh Post-Gazette da Hill sun yi jawabi ga taron kasa na NOW, suna samun tallafi na gida da na ƙasa. [8] A watan Agusta 1968, Alkali Benjamin Lencher ya yanke hukuncin cewa a dawo da ita. Gundumar makarantar ta daukaka karar hukuncin zuwa Kotun Koli ta Pennsylvania, amma a watan Nuwamba 1968, kotu ta ki sauraron karar, kuma an bar hukuncin karamar kotun ya tsaya. Hill ya samu koma baya na $14,000, ko da yake ta kashe fiye da $20,000 a kan karar. [9] [4]

Ayyukan aiki

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Bayan nasarar shari'arta, Hill ya fuskanci wasu kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata kuma ya shiga NOW a 1967. Betty Friedan ta shawo kanta ta halarci taron farko a Washington, DC, inda ta gaya wa kungiyar da ta fara game da karar ta. [10] Daga nan ne Wilma Scott Heide ya ɗauke ta don zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Pittsburgh na NOW a cikin Nuwamba 1967, tare da Charlotte Coe, Ruth Heimbuecher, Anita Fine, Dan Fine, Anne Mast, Bob Mast, Daryl Bem, Sandy Bem, Ann Heuer. da Virginia Harrington . [8] [11] A matsayinta na darektan hulda da jama'a na babi a cikin 1968, ta canza suna zuwa babban yanki na Greater Pittsburgh kuma bayan shekaru biyu, ta taimaka ƙirƙirar nunin magana na sa'o'i 12 don gidan rediyo na gida WJAS wanda ke nuna masu magana da mata. Daga baya ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar babin. Hill kuma memba ne na zartarwa na Pennsylvania YANZU. [12] [13] Ta taimaka wajen samo babi na South Hills na NOW a cikin 1972 kuma ya kasance memba mai aiki na babi har sai an rufe shi a 1994, yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na shekaru uku, ciki har da a cikin 1984 da 1986. [14] [13]

Daga baya rayuwa

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Hill ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa a cikin 1984. Ta shiga cikin manyan ƙwallan kyaututtuka bayan ta karanta game da wata gasa a jarida, ta amfani da Gams a matsayin sunan wasanta . [9] Ta yi takara a cikin Ms. Pennsylvania Senior America pageant a 1990, sanya na hudu kuma ta lashe lambar yabo don mafi kyawun "falsafa na rayuwa da basira". A gasar ta na biyu, ita ce ta zo ta biyu. [9] A cikin Maris 1993, ta lashe Ms. Pennsylvania Senior America da waƙa da rawa, tare da ɗiyarta akan piano, da falsafar rayuwa mai taken "Mata Mutane ne". An ba ta rawani a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar Ms. National Senior Citizen gasar da aka gudanar a Joliet, Illinois, a cikin Oktoba 1993. [4] Bayan nasarar da ta samu a gasar, an nuna ta a cikin 1998 NOW littafin dafa abinci. [15]

Mutuwa da gado

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Hill ta mutu ne a ranar 2 ga Maris, 2019, a gidanta na yin ritaya a Kudancin Fayette, daga rikice-rikice saboda cutar hauka. Tarihinta na baka ya bayyana a cikin nuni mai taken "A Sisterhood: Ƙungiyar Mata a Pittsburgh" a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Pittsburgh a cikin Janairu 2009.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02
  2. ↑ Wukas, Mark (January 16, 1994). "With Children Grown, Hill Gets to Dance". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
  3. ↑ D'Addio, David (June 11, 1998). "John Albert Hill: Civil Engineer, Husband of Feminist". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 25. Retrieved August 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wukas, Mark (January 16, 1994). "With Children Grown, Hill Gets to Dance". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2022. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Dorothy (aka Cindy) Judd Hill". In Sisterhood (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  7. ↑ "Part II - 1967". Feminist Majority Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ulbrich 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  10. ↑ Ceballos, Jacqui. "VFA Honored by the National Women's Hall of Fame and Presented with "Keeper of the Flame" Statuette". Veteran Feminists of America. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  11. ↑ Haney 1985.
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :03
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Love 2006.
  14. ↑ "Dorothy (aka Cindy) Judd Hill". In Sisterhood (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  15. ↑ Friedman 2020.
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