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Cinikin bayi na Tekun Indiya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Indian Ocean slave trade

Kasuwancin bayi na Tekun Indiya, wani lokaci ana kiransa da cinikin bayi na Gabashin Afirka, ya haɗa da kamawa da jigilar bayin Afirka da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara galibinsu a bakin teku, irin su gabar tekun Swahili da Gabashin Afirka, da kuma ta Tekun Indiya. Yankunan da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da Gabashin Afirka, Kudancin Larabawa, gabar tekun yammacin Indiya, tsibiran tekun Indiya (ciki har da Madagascar) da kudu maso gabashin Asiya ciki har da Java.

Tushen bayi ya kasance a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, amma kuma ya haɗa da Arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, tsibiran Tekun Indiya, da Kudancin Asiya. Yayin da cinikin bayi a cikin Tekun Indiya ya fara shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata, ya faɗaɗa sosai a ƙarshen zamani (ƙarni na ɗaya CE) tare da haɓaka kasuwancin Byzantine da Sassanid. Kasuwancin bayi musulmi ya fara ne a ƙarni na 7, tare da yawan kasuwancin da ke canzawa tare da tasowa da faɗuwar ikon gida. Tun daga ƙarni na 16, ana cinikin bayi zuwa ƙasashen Amurka, gami da yankin Caribbean, yayin da ƙasashen Arewa, Yammacin Turai, da Kudancin Turai suka shiga cikin cinikin bayi. Kasuwanci ya ragu tare da kawar da bauta a ƙarni na 19. [1] [2]

Tarihi

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Kasuwancin bayi a Tekun Indiya na da

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Kasuwancin bayi a Tekun Indiya ya koma 2500 KZ.[3] Babila na da, Masarawa, Helenawa, Indiyawa, da Farisa duk sun yi cinikin bayi a ɗan ƙaramin ma'auni a faɗin Tekun Indiya (wani lokaci kuma Bahar Maliya).[4] Kasuwancin bayi a cikin Bahar Maliya a kusa da lokacin Alexander the Great an kwatanta Agatharchides. [4] Strabo's Geographica (wanda aka kammala bayan 23 AZ) ya ambaci Girkawa daga Masar suna cinikin bayi a tashar jiragen ruwa na Adulis da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin Kahon Afirka. Tarihin Halitta na Dattijon Pliny (wanda aka buga a shekara ta 77 AZ) kuma ya bayyana cinikin bayi a Tekun Indiya..[4]

A ƙarni na 1 AZ, Periplus na Tekun Erythraean ya ba da shawarar damar cinikin bayi a yankin, musamman a cinikin "kyakkyawan 'yan mata don ƙwaraƙwara." A cewar wannan littafin, an fitar da bayi daga Omana (wataƙila a kusa da Oman na zamani) da Kanê zuwa gabar tekun yamma na Indiya. [4] An sami damar yin cinikin bayi na tsohuwar tekun Indiya ta hanyar kera jiragen ruwa da za su iya ɗaukar adadi mai yawa na mutane a cikin Tekun Farisa ta amfani da itacen da aka shigo da su daga Indiya. Waɗannan ayyukan ginin jirgi sun koma zamanin Babila da Achaemenid.[5]

'Yan kasuwan Gujarati sun samo asali ne daga farkon masu bincike na Tekun Indiya yayin da suke cinikin bayi da kayayyakin Afirka irin su hauren giwa da kunkuru.[6] Gujaratis sun shiga cikin kasuwancin bauta a Mombasa, Zanzibar da, a wani lokaci, a yankin Kudancin Afirka.[7] Indonesiya kuma sun kasance mahalarta, kuma sun kawo kayan yaji don kasuwanci a Afirka. Da sun dawo ta Indiya da Sri Lanka da hauren giwa, baƙin ƙarfe, fatun, da bayi. [8]

Babban hanyoyin bayi a Afirka ta Tsakiya

Bayan daular Rumawa da Sasania suka shiga cinikin bayi a ƙarni na 6 miladiyya, ta zama babbar sana'a.[9]

Cosmas Indicopleustes ya rubuta a cikin Tarihinsa na Kiristanci (550 CE) cewa biranen tashar jiragen ruwa na Somaliya suna fitar da bayi da aka kama a ciki zuwa Masar ta Byzantine ta Bahar Maliya. Ya kuma ambaci shigo da eunuch da Rumawa suka yi daga Mesofotamiya da Indiya. Bayan ƙarni na 1, fitar da bakar fata daga kasashyen Tanzaniya da Mozambique da sauran kungiyoyin Bantu zuwa ƙasashen waje ya zama wani abu na dindindin. A ƙarƙashin Sasaniyawa, cinikin tekun Indiya ya goyi bayan safarar bayi kawai, har ma da masana da 'yan kasuwa.


Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Indian Ocean and Middle Eastern Slave Trades". obo (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  2. ↑ Harries, Patrick (17 June 2015). "The story of East Africa's role in the transatlantic slave trade". The Conversation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  3. ↑ Freamon, Bernard K. Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures. Brill. p. 78. The "globalized" Indian Ocean trade in fact has substantially earlier, even pre-Islamic, global roots. These roots extend back to at least 2500 BCE, suggesting that the so-called "globalization" of the Indian Ocean trading phenomena, including slave trading, was in reality a development that was built upon the activities of pre-Islamic Middle Eastern empires, which activities were in turn inherited, appropriated, and improved upon by the Muslim empires that followed them, and then, after that, they were again appropriated, exploited, and improved upon by Western European interveners.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Freamon, Bernard K. Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures. Brill. pp. 79–80.
  5. ↑ Freamon, Bernard K. Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures. Brill. pp. 81–82.
  6. ↑ "'Even British were envious of Gujaratis'". The Times of India. 2013-09-28. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  7. ↑ "'Even British were envious of Gujaratis'". The Times of India. 2013-09-28. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  8. ↑ Beale, Philip. "From Indonesia to Africa:Borobudur Ship Expedition" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
  9. ↑ Beale, Philip. "From Indonesia to Africa:Borobudur Ship Expedition" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
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