Cinikin jima'i
 Cinikin jima'i | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Laifi, safarar mutane da sex crime (en)  |
| Bangare na | Karuwanci da Bautar Jima'i |
| Gudanarwan |
pimp (en) |
Cinikin jima'i shine fataucin mutane don manufar cin zarafin jima'i. Ana kiran masu aikata laifin Masu fataucin jima'i ko masu karuwanci - mutanen da ke sarrafa wadanda abin ya shafa don shiga nau'o'in jima'in kasuwanci tare da abokan ciniki masu biyan kuɗi. Masu fataucin jima'i suna amfani da karfi, zamba, da tilastawa yayin da suke daukar ma'aikata, sufuri, da kuma samar da wadanda aka azabtar a matsayin karuwanci.[1] Wani lokaci ana kawo wadanda abin ya shafa cikin yanayin dogaro da masu fataucin su, ta kudi ko ta motsin rai.[2] Kowane bangare na fataucin jima'i ana ɗaukarsa laifi, daga saye zuwa sufuri da cin zarafin wadanda abin ya shafa.[3] Wannan ya haɗa da duk wani cin zarafin jima'i na manya ko yara, gami da yawon shakatawa na jima'i (CST) da kuma fataucin kananan jima'i a cikin gida (DMST). [2] An kira shi wani nau'i na Bautar zamani saboda yadda ake tilasta wa wadanda aka azabtar su yin jima'i ba tare da yardar rai ba, a cikin nau'in bautar jima'i.[3]
A cikin shekara ta 2012, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) ta ba da rahoton cewa mutane miliyan 20.9 sun yi aiki tilas, kuma kashi 22% (miliyan 4.5) sun sha wahala daga cin zarafin jima'i, 300,000 daga cikinsu a cikin Tattalin Arziki mai tasowa da EU.[4] ILO ta ruwaito a cikin 2016 cewa daga cikin kimanin mutane miliyan 25 da ke aiki tilas, miliyan 5 sun sha wahala daga cin zarafin jima'i. Koyaya, saboda ɓoyewar fataucin jima'i, samun daidaitattun ƙididdigar ƙididdiga yana haifar da ƙalubale ga masu bincike.[5] An kiyasta ribar kasuwanci ta duniya don bautar jima'i ta kai dala biliyan 99, a cewar ILO. A shekara ta 2005, an ba da adadi a matsayin dala biliyan 9 don jimlar fataucin mutane.
Cinikin jima'i yawanci yana faruwa ne a yanayin da tserewa ke da wahala da haɗari. Akwai cibiyoyin sadarwa na masu fataucin mutane a kowace ƙasa. Sabili da haka, ana yawan fataucin wadanda abin ya shafa a fadin jihohi da na kasa wanda ke haifar da damuwa da iko kuma yana sa shari'o'i da wuya a gurfanar da su.[6]
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani da Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2000, kasashe sun karɓi ma'anar da United Moms suka gabatar.[7] Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Laifukan da aka tsara ta kasa da kasa, Yarjejeniyar hanawa, hanawa da azabtar da Ciniki a cikin Mutane, Musamman Mata da Yara, ana kiranta Yarjejeniyar Palermo. Yarjejeniyar Palermo ta haifar da wannan ma'anar.[7] 147 daga cikin kasashe 192 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Palermo lokacin da aka buga ta a shekara ta 2000; [7] tun daga watan Satumbar 2017, jihohi 171 jam'iyyun ne. [8] Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Palermo ya bayyana ma'anar kamar haka:[9]
(a) "Trafficking in persons" shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.
Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;
(b) The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used;
(c) The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered "trafficking in persons" even if this does not involve any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article;
(d) "Child" shall mean any person under eighteen years of age.
Mataki na 5 na Yarjejeniyar Palermo yana buƙatar kasashe membobin su aikata laifuka ta fataucin mutane bisa ga ma'anar da aka tsara a Mataki na 3; duk da haka, dokokin cikin gida na kasashe da yawa suna nuna ma'anar ƙanƙanta fiye da Mataki na 3.[7] Kodayake waɗannan ƙasashe suna da'awar cewa suna tilasta Mataki na 5, ƙananan dokokinsu suna haifar da karamin ɓangare na mutane da ake gurfanar da su saboda fataucin jima'i fiye da yadda za a gurfanar su a ƙarƙashin ma'anar da ta fi girma.[7]
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa kayan aikin yaki da fataucin mutane daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da Rahoton Duniya kan fataucin mutane da Kungiyar Hadin Kai tsakanin Hukumomin Against na fataucin mutane. Rahoton Duniya kan fataucin mutane ya ba da sabbin bayanai dangane da bayanan da aka tattara daga kasashe 155. Yana ba da kima na farko a duniya game da iyakokin fataucin mutane da kuma abin da ake yi don yaƙarsa. Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya zartas da kudurori da dama kan matakan kawar da fataucin mutane. A shekara ta 2010, an amince da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da fataucin mutane. Wasu kungiyoyi daban-daban sun tsunduma cikin kokarin duniya na yaki da safarar jima'i. "Ka'idar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ita ce ginshikin shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa na yaki da safarar jima'i." Wannan wasu abubuwa na fataucin jima'i: "aikin", wanda ke bayyana daukar ma'aikata da jigilar wadanda abin ya shafa, "ma'ana", wanda ya hada da tilastawa, zamba, ko cin zarafi, da "manufa", wanda ya hada da cin zarafi kamar karuwanci, aikin tilastawa ko bautar, da kuma kawar da gabobi. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bukaci kasashe mambobin kungiyar su kafa fataucin mutane a matsayin laifi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking". www.acf.hhs.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
- 1 2 Hammond, Gretchen; McGlone, Mandy (22 March 2014). "Entry, Progression, Exit, and Service Provision for Survivors of Sex Trafficking: Implications for Effective Interventions". Global Social Welfare. 1 (4): 157–168. doi:10.1007/s40609-014-0010-0., citing Maria Beatriz Alvarez, Edward J. Alessi (May 2012). "Human trafficking is more than sex trafficking and prostitution: implications for social work". Affilia. 27 (2): 142–152. doi:10.1177/0886109912443763. S2CID 59404870.
- 1 2 Elrod, John (April 2015). "Filling the gap: refining sex trafficking legislation to address the problem of pimping". Vanderbilt Law Review. 68: 961 – via Hein Online.
- ↑ "ILO 2012 Global estimate of forced labour – Executive summary" (PDF). International Labour Organization. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ↑ Tiefenbrun, Susan (2002). "The Saga of Susannah A U.S. Remedy for Sex Trafficking in Women: The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000". Utah Law Review. 107.
- ↑ "Why is Human Trafficking So Difficult to Stop?". Kinship United (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Dempsey, Michelle Madden; Hoyle, Carolyn; Bosworth, Mary (2012). "Defining Sex Trafficking in International and Domestic Law: Mind the Gaps". Emory International Law Review. Villanova Law/Public Policy Research Paper No. 2013-3036. 26 (1). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Villanova" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "United Nations Treaty Collection". Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
- ↑ United Nations (2012). "Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing The United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime". Retrieved 17 March 2015.