Cinikin mutane a Burundi
 Cinikin mutane a Burundi | |
|---|---|
human trafficking by country or territory (en)  da aspect in a geographic region (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | safarar mutane |
| Ƙasa | Burundi |
Burundi ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012.
A cikin 2010 gwamnati ta sami ci gaba sosai wajen yaki da fataucin mutane a lokacin bayar da rahoto, musamman game da gano wadanda ke fama da fataucinsu, binciken yiwuwar laifukan fataucin, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a. A shekara ta 2009, kotun Bujumbura ta saurari karar da ta shafi bautar gida ta yara, shari'ar farko da aka sani game da shari'ar da ta shafi abubuwan da suka shafi fataucin mutane. A cikin shekara ta 2014, an kafa wata doka da ta haramta duk nau'ikan fataucin mutane, amma ba a yi komai ba don tilasta aiki, don haka jami'ai da yawa ba su canza yadda aka ba da fifiko ga fataucin ba ko kuma an gane shi.[1]
A cikin 2018, Burundi ƙasa ce mai tushe ga yara kuma mai yiwuwa mata da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman yanayin bautar gida da tilasta karuwanci. Yara da matasa masu girma na iya tilasta su yin aiki a gonaki ko ƙananan gonaki a kudancin Burundi, ko kuma gudanar da kasuwanci na al'ada a kan tituna. Ayyukan yara sun zama ruwan dare a gonakin noma inda aka girbe manyan fitarwa, kamar shayi da kofi. Har ila yau, aikin tilasta yara da manya ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ma'adinai saboda babban kasuwa na duwatsu masu daraja da ma'adanai. Ana iya samun mutane da yawa da ke fama da fataucin mutane a cikin ma'adanai a arewacin Burundi, musamman a kusa da Cibitoke. Wasu masu fataucin mutane na iya zama dangi ko sanannun wadanda abin ya shafa wadanda, a karkashin uzuri na taimaka wa yara marasa galihu da ilimi ko kuma tare da alkawuran ƙarya na ayyukan da ke da riba, suka sanya su aiki na tilas, galibi a matsayin Ma'aikatan gida. Duk da yake akwai ƙananan shaidu na karuwanci na yara, tsofaffin mata masu "mai alheri" sun ba da ɗaki da abinci a cikin gidajensu, kuma a wasu lokuta sun tura su cikin karuwanci don biyan kuɗin rayuwa; 'yan uwa masu yawa sun sami riba daga cinikin jima'i na matasa da ke zaune tare da su. Ya fi zama ruwan dare ga fataucin wadanda abin ya shafa ya kasance a cikin gida a cikin kasar ko kuma ya kai ga kasashen da ke kewaye da su kawai. Masu yawon bude ido maza daga Oman da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa suna cin zarafin 'yan mata na Burundi a cikin karuwanci. 'Yan kasuwa suna daukar' yan mata na Burundi don Cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci a Rwanda, Kenya, da Uganda, kuma suna daukar' ya'ya maza da mata don cin zarafi a cikin nau'ikan aiki na tilas a Tanzania. Ba kamar shekarun da suka gabata ba, babu rahotanni na tilasta ko son rai da aka dauki yara a cikin sojojin gwamnati ko Kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Idan fataucin 'yan Burundi ya karu a waje, ya fi dacewa a tura su zuwa wurare a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Yammacin Turai.[2]
A cikin 2021 Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shige da Fice (IOM) ta ba da rahoton cewa "an gano sama da mutane 1,000 da aka yi wa fataucin mutane kuma an taimaka musu a Burundi tun daga shekara ta 2017."[3]
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cinikin Mutane yana ba da rahoton Cinikin Mutane a kowace shekara. A cikin wannan rahoto, kowace ƙasa an tsara ta ne bisa ga sa hannun gwamnati wajen yaki da fataucin mutane da kuma bin ka'idojin da Dokar Kare Wadanda ke Cin Hanci (TVPA) ta kafa a cikin 2000. "Tier 1" shine mafi kyawun matsayi yayin da "Tier 3" shine mafi munin matsayi. Daga 2015 zuwa 2020 an ba Burundi matsayi na "Tier 3." Koyaya, gwamnati ta yi canje-canje masu yawa kuma an ba Burundi matsayin "Tier 2" a cikin rahoton 2021.[1] Kasar ta kasance a Tier 2 a cikin 2023.
A cikin 2023, Ƙididdigar Laifuka ta Ƙungiya ta ba ƙasar maki 8.5 daga cikin 10 don fataucin mutane, yana lura da lambobin sun karu a lokacin COVID kuma jami'an jihar sun ɗauki mataki kaɗan don magance wannan laifi.
Shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An san gurfanar da Gwamnati ta yi wa masu fataucin mutane ta sami cikas saboda rashin kayan bincike da horo, rashin tattara shaida da 'yan sanda suka yi, rashin son wadanda abin ya shafa su gabatar da korafe-korafe, da kuma gazawar masu gabatar da kara don bin shari'o'i bayan sun karbi shaidu daga' yan sanda da wadanda ake zargi. Mataki na 242 da 243 na Dokar aikata laifuka ta Burundi sun haramta fataucin mutane da smuggling, kuma sun ba da hukuncin shekaru biyar zuwa 20 a kurkuku; lambar, duk da haka, ba ta ba da ma'anar fataucin mutum ba, tana iyakance amfaninta. Hakanan ana iya hukunta laifukan fataucin jima'i ta amfani da ka'idojin Dokar hukunci kan kula da gidan karuwai da karuwanci (shekaru na shekara ɗaya zuwa biyar), da kuma karuwancin yara (shekara na shekaru biyar zuwa 10). Dokar yaki da fataucin mutane ta 2014 ta haifar da hukunce-hukunce ga shari'o'in fataucin. Dangane da dokar 2014, masu aikata laifin na iya karɓar shekaru 5 zuwa 10 a kurkuku saboda fataucin mutane, da shekaru 10-15 idan shari'ar ta shafi fataucin yaro. Baya ga lokacin kurkuku, masu laifi na iya karɓar 100,000 zuwa 500,000 Burundian francs a cikin tarar kuma ana iya biyan tarar 500,000 zuwa 2,000,000 a cikin shari'o'in da suka shafi yaro.[1] Wadannan hukunce-hukuncen suna da tsauri sosai kuma sun dace da waɗanda aka tsara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar fyade. A lokacin bayar da rahoto na 2021, an kara tsaro da kasancewar a kan iyakokin kasar don hana fataucin kasa da kasa zuwa ciki da waje daga Burundi. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta kasance mai hadin kai tare da wasu ƙasashe don bincika shari'o'in fataucin mutane.[1] Wani babban ci gaba da gwamnatin Burundi ta samu a lokacin bayar da rahoto na 2021 shine kirkirar tsarin da ya tattara duk kokarin da gwamnati ta yi don yaki da fataucin mutane daga shekaru shida kafin ranar yanzu.
Kotun Bujumbura ta ci tarar wata mace $ 42 saboda cin zarafin ma'aikaciyarta mai shekaru 12 ta hanyar ƙone ta da jaka na filastik. Bayan kamawa ta, 'yan sanda sun gano kawun yaron, wanda ya mayar da yaron ga iyayenta a lardin Bururi. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, 'yan sanda sun kama wani mutumin Burundi saboda sace yara maza shida tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 13 da kuma kai su Tanzania don tilasta aiki a gonakin taba. An soke sakin wanda ake zargi na wucin gadi bayan daukaka kara daga ofishin mai gabatar da kara, kuma ya kasance a tsare kafin a yi masa shari'a a kurkukun lardin Rutana. A cikin shekara ta 2009, Brigade na Mata da Yara, ƙungiyar 'yan sanda ta musamman, ta sami nasarar ganowa da kuma ceto yara 10 daga cikin 17 da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar karuwanci ta duniya kuma ta mayar da su ga iyalansu; ba a kama wadanda ake zargi da fataucin mutane ba saboda rashin tabbaci. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, 'yan sanda sun zargi maza uku da mai gidan su da cin hanci da rashawa ga kananan yara da kuma tayar da hankali ga lalata bayan an gano tsohon yana karbar 'yan mata masu kananan yara daga gidan haya; masu gabatar da kara sun kasance a matakin kafin shari'a a ƙarshen lokacin bayar da rahoto. A lokacin taron Disamba na 2009 tare da manyan jami'an 'yan sanda, Shugaba Nkurunziza ya umarci rundunar' yan sanda da su kara kokarin yaki da fataucin mutane. A sakamakon wannan umarnin, 'yan sanda sun fara murkushe gidajen karuwai na asirce waɗanda ke da wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a watan Janairun 2010, suna rufe ƙananan otal-otal guda uku a cikin masana'antu na Bujumbura
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gwagwarmayar da Burundi ke da ita ita ce ta hanyar horar da masu tilasta bin doka, masu gabatar da kara da jami'an shari'a. An bayar da rahoton cewa masu tilasta bin doka ba su san dokokin fataucin mutane ba kuma ba za su iya rarrabe jigilar baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma fataucin baƙi. Duk da yake gwamnati tana ba da horo ga jami'ai kan dokokin fataucin mutane, yawancin suna dogara da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don samar da horo. Har ila yau, annobar COVID-19 ta sanya gurfanar da masu fataucin mutane da wahala saboda kullewar ta hana jami'ai samun bayanan shaidu.[1]
Kariya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen da gwamnati ke yi na mayar da yaran da aka yi musu fataucin zuwa ga iyalansu, gwamnati ba koyaushe take tabbatar da cewa waɗanda aka yi musu fataucin suna samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan kariya da suka dace ba. ƴan cibiyoyin kulawa da ke Burundi ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGO), ƙungiyoyin addini, da ƙungiyoyin mata ko yara. 'Yan sanda suna ba da ɗan gajeren matsuguni da taimakon abinci ga waɗanda abin ya shafa a cikin tsarewar 'yan sanda na ɗan lokaci yayin da hukumoci ke ƙoƙarin gano iyalansu; ana ajiye waɗannan yaran a wani yanki na daban da na manya fursunoni. A wasu lokuta, 'yan sanda, musamman membobin ƙungiyar Mata da Yara, suna ba da shawara ga yaran da ke yin lalata da kuma yin sulhu tsakanin waɗannan waɗanda abin ya shafa da iyayensu. Cibiyar kulawa ɗaya da gwamnati ke gudanarwa ita ce Cibiyar Humura da ke birnin Gitega, amma gwamnati ba ta ba da rahoton cewa ta taimaki waɗanda aka san suna fataucin ba.[4] A cikin Janairu 2010, 'yan sanda sun ceci yara uku da aka yi musu fataucin jima'i daga wani gidan karuwai a Bujumbura, suka rubuta shaidunsu, kuma suka mayar da su ga iyalansu. A cikin 2009, jami'an gwamnati sun gano waɗanda aka yi musu fataucin guda 18, 10 daga cikinsu waɗanda aka yi musu tilastin yin lalata ne, sannan takwas kuma waɗanda aka yi musu tilastin yin aiki. A cikin Janairu 2010, ofishin Interpol na Burundi ya taimaka wa gwamnati wajen dawo da wani yaro ɗan Burundi mai shekaru 15 daga Ruwanda inda aka tilasta masa yin aikin gida. A cikin haɗin gwiwa da 'yan sandan Tanzaniya, gwamnati ta dawo da yaran Burundi guda shida da aka yi musu fataucin daga Tanzaniya a cikin Yuli 2009. Tsakanin Afrilu da Yuni, Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Ƙasa ta kula da korar sojojin yara na ƙarshe 380 daga ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Forces Nationale de Libération (FNL) da kuma daga cikin waɗanda ake zargin 'yan tawayen FNL a cikin rukunin Randa da Buramata. Tare da tallafin waje, ma'aikatan Hukumar sun ba da gwajin likita, shawarwari na tunani, da wayar da kan juna game da zaman lafiya, yayin da suke gano iyali; an sake haɗa yaran da iyalansu a cikin Yuli 2009. A cikin 2016, an zartar da wata doka da ke ba wa waɗanda abin ya shafa da shaidu kariya da aminci daga tuhuma saboda ayyukan da suka aikata yayin da aka yi musu fataucin.[5] Dokar ta buƙaci a ƙirƙiri wani sashe a cikin Ma'aikatar Shari'a, amma ba a taɓa kafa shi ba. Duk da haka, dokar ta ba wa waɗanda abin ya shafa wasu hanyoyin shari'a na zama a Burundi idan ba sa son komawa wasu ƙasashe.[6]
A cikin Oktoba 2009, gwamnati ta kafa Majalisar Yara da Matasa ta Birni (CMEJ) don taimaka wa matasa masu haɗari da kuma haɓaka cibiyar wucewa ga waɗanda aka yi musu fataucin ɗan adam, sojojin yara da aka korar, da kuma yaran kan titi. CMEJ ta fara tsara wani shiri na aiki a cikin Maris 2010 kuma ta nemi tallafin ƙasa da ƙasa da ake buƙata don cikakken aiki. Gwamnati ba ta ɓullo da tsarin gano waɗanda aka yi musu fataucin a cikin ƙungiyoyin masu rauni ba ko kuma hanyar tura irin waɗannan waɗanda aka yi musu fataucin zuwa ƙungiyoyin da ke ba da ayyuka. Yayin da 'yan sanda suka yi hira da yaran da abin ya shafa yayin binciken masu cin zarafinsu, ofishin mai gabatar da kara bai bi sahun yiwuwar sa hannun yaran da abin ya shafa a cikin shari'ar masu yin fataucin ba. Gwamnati ba ta daidaita ko kuma ta hukunta waɗanda abin ya shafa ba saboda ayyukan da suka saba wa doka da suka aikata sakamakon fataucin.
Rigakafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Fabrairu 2010, Kwamandan Ƙungiyar Mata da Yara ya fara zagayawa ƙasar don wayar da kan jami'an gwamnati na yankin da kuma sanar da al'ummar yankin game da haɗarin fataucin ɗan adam. A cikin 2009, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta ɗauki nauyin taron bita guda takwas ga malamai, alkalai, masu gudanarwa, da ma'aikatan noma don wayar da kan juna game da haɗarin aikin yara da fataucin. A cikin haɗin gwiwa da ILO da UNICEF, gwamnati ta kuma gudanar da yaƙin nuna waya a wasu larduna don faɗakar da juna game da fataucin yara don tilastawa aiki da cin zarafin tsoffin sojojin yara, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kan Ranar Duniya don Yaki da Aikin Yara a watan Yuni. Masu duba guda 12 na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ba su gudanar da wani bincike na aikin yara a cikin 2009 ba. Gwamnati, a tarihance, ta kasa yin ƙoƙarin rage buƙatar ayyukan jima'i na kasuwanci. Horon rigakafin fataucin kafin aika sojojin zaman lafiya na Burundi, wanda wata gwamnatin ƙasashen waje ta bayar, ya ƙunshi tsarin karatun da ya haifar da wayar da kan juna da kuma hana ayyukan fataucin da cin zarafin jima'i.[7]
A lokacin rahoton 2021 an yaba wa gwamnati saboda ƙoƙarcenta na ƙara horar da jami'ai domin su iya gano alamun fataucin da kuma sanin yadda za su bi da shari'o'in da suka shafi fataucin. Duk da haka, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar ba za ta ba da kuɗi ga kwamitin yaki da fataucin ba, don haka ya ci gaba da aikin sa na son rai. Gwamnati ta kuma ƙara haɗin kai da sauran ƙasashe don hana da kuma gurfanar da masu yin fataucin.[4] Gwamnati ta kuma dogara ga wasu ƙungiyoyi da ƙasashe don samar da kuɗi ko horon rigakafi. A cikin Yuli 2019, IOM ta haɗu da gwamnatin Burundi don ƙaddamar da wani aikin shekaru uku don yaki da fataucin ɗan adam. Masarautar Netherlands ta ba da dala miliyan 3 (USD) kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa 2022.[8]
A wasu al'adu a Burundi, ana sa ran mata da ƙananan yara su yi ado da kyau da kuma tsafta. Duk da haka, yara mata da yawa za su yi hakan don gujewa fataucin ko cin zarafin jima'i. Da yawa suna yin hakan da imanin cewa idan sun yi kama da suna da iyali mai kwanciyar hankali da kulawa, masu fataucin za su guje musu saboda ba sa son iyalai su kira 'yan sanda ko su bi su.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 "Burundi Trafficking in Persons Report 2021". United States Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ Ntore, Triffin; Wolfe, Laurianne. "Press Release: Burundi Improves Anti-Trafficking Efforts According to United States 2021 Report" (PDF). IOM UN Migration. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- 1 2 "2020 Trafficking in Persons Report". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ↑ "2017 Trafficking in Persons Report: Burundi". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ↑ "2018 Trafficking in Persons Report: Burundi". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs nameddos - ↑ "Combating Human Trafficking in Burundi | Regional Office for East and Horn of Africa". ronairobi.iom.int. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ Sommers, Marc (May 2013), "Adolescents and Violence: Lessons from Burundi", Discussion Paper, University of Antwerp: Institute of Development Policy and Management, ISSN 2033-7329, archived from the original on December 7, 2023, retrieved December 20, 2021