Ciwon daji Thyroid

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Ciwon daji Thyroid
Description (en) Fassara
Iri endocrine gland cancer (en) Fassara, thyroid neoplasm (en) Fassara, thyroid gland disease (en) Fassara
cuta
Specialty (en) Fassara Oncology
Sanadi ionizing radiation (en) Fassara, iodine-131 (en) Fassara
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (en) Fassara
Genetic association (en) Fassara DIRC3 (en) Fassara da NRG1 (en) Fassara
Medical treatment (en) Fassara
Magani lenvatinib mesylate (en) Fassara, vandetanib (en) Fassara, cabozantinib (en) Fassara, thyrotropin alfa (en) Fassara, vandetanib (en) Fassara da tiratricol (en) Fassara
Identifier (en) Fassara
ICD-10-CM C73
ICD-9-CM 193 da 239.7
MedlinePlus 001213
eMedicine 001213
Disease Ontology ID DOID:1781

Ciwon daji na thyroid ciwon daji wanda ke tasowa daga kwayoyin jikin glandar thyroid .[1] Cuta ce wadda kwayoyin halitta suke girma ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma suna da damar yadawa zuwa wasu sassan jiki .[2][3] Alamun na iya haɗawa da kumburi ko dunƙule a wuya .[1] Ciwon daji kuma zai iya faruwa a cikin thyroid bayan yaduwa daga wasu wurare, a cikin abin da ba a lasafta shi da ciwon daji na thyroid.[4]

Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da bayyanar radiation a lokacin ƙuruciya, samun haɓakar thyroid, da tarihin iyali.[1][5] Manyan nau'ikan su ne papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid cancer, da kuma anaplastic thyroid cancer .[4] Ana gano cutar sau da yawa akan duban da tayi da kyakkyawan fata na allura .[1] Ba a ba da shawarar yin gwajin mutane ba tare da alamun cutar ba kuma a cikin haɗarin cutar kamar na 2017.[6]

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani na iya haɗawa da tiyata, maganin radiation ciki har da iodine radioactive, chemotherapy, hormone thyroid, maganin da aka yi niyya, da jira na gani.[1] Tiyata na iya haɗawa da cire sashi ko duka na thyroid.[4] Yawan rayuwa na shekaru biyar shine kashi 98% a Amurka. [7]

A duniya kamar na 2015, mutane miliyan 3.2 suna da ciwon daji na thyroid.[8] A cikin 2012, sabbin maganganu 298,000 sun faru.[9]Mafi yawanci ana gano shi tsakanin shekaru 35 zuwa 65.[7] Mata suna fama da yawa fiye da maza. [7] Wadanda suka fito daga Asiya sun fi shafa.[4] Adadin ya karu a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, wanda aka yi imanin ya kasance saboda mafi kyawun ganowa.[9] A cikin 2015, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 31,900.[10]

Alamomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mafi sau da yawa, alamar farko na ciwon daji na thyroid shine nodule a cikin yankin thyroid na wuyansa. [11] Duk da haka, har zuwa 65% na manya suna da ƙananan nodules a cikin thyroids, amma yawanci a karkashin 10% na waɗannan nodules ana samun su suna da ciwon daji. [12] Wani lokaci, alamar farko ita ce ƙãrawar ƙwayar lymph. Daga baya alamomin da zasu iya kasancewa sune zafi a cikin yankin gaba na wuyansa da kuma canje-canje a cikin murya saboda shigar da jijiyar laryngeal mai maimaitawa .[ana buƙatar hujja]

Yawancin ciwon daji na thyroid ana samun su a cikin majiyyacin euthyroid, amma alamun hyperthyroidism ko hypothyroidism na iya haɗuwa da wani babba ko metastatic, ƙwayar cuta mai ban sha'awa. Nodules na thyroid suna da damuwa musamman lokacin da aka same su a cikin waɗanda basu kai shekaru 20 ba. Gabatarwar nodules mara kyau a wannan shekarun ba shi da yuwuwa, don haka yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta ya fi girma.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Dalilai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana tsammanin ciwon daji na thyroid yana da alaƙa da abubuwa da yawa na yanayin muhalli da kwayoyin halitta, amma akwai gagarumin rashin tabbas game da musabbabin su.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Hanyoyin muhalli ga ionizing radiation daga duka tushen asali na asali da kuma asali na wucin gadi ana zargin su taka muhimmiyar rawa, da kuma ƙara yawan adadin ciwon daji na thyroid yana faruwa a cikin wadanda aka fallasa zuwa radiation mantlefield don lymphoma, da wadanda aka fallasa zuwa iodine-131 bin Chernobyl,[13] Fukushima, Kyshtym, da Windscale[14] bala'o'in nukiliya.[15] Thyroiditis da sauran cututtukan thyroid kuma suna haifar da ciwon daji na thyroid.[14][16]

Abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayoyin halitta sun haɗa da nau'in neoplasia na endocrin da yawa, wanda ke ƙaruwa da yawa, musamman na nau'in cutar sankara.[17]

Bincike[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Micrograph na kumburin lymph tare da papillary thyroid carcinoma

Bayan an sami nodule na thyroid a lokacin gwajin jiki, mai ba da shawara ga endocrinologist ko likitan thyroid na iya faruwa. Mafi yawanci, ana yin na'urar duban da tayi don tabbatar da kasancewar nodule da tantance matsayin duka gland. Wasu sakamakon duban da tayi na iya bayar da rahoton ƙimar TI-RADS ko TIRADS don rarraba haɗarin malignancy.[18] Ma'auni na thyroid stimulating hormone, da / ko jimlar triiodothyronine (T3) da thyroxine (T4) matakan, da antithyroid antibodies zai taimaka yanke shawara idan wani aiki thyroid cuta kamar Hashimoto ta thyroiditis ne ba, wani sananne dalilin da benign nodular goiter.[19] thyroid scan, wanda aka yi akai-akai tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da gwajin ɗaukar iodine radioactive don sanin ko nodule yana "zafi" ko "sanyi" [20] wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen yanke shawara ko za a yi biopsy na nodule.[21] Auna calcitonin ya zama dole don ware kasancewar medullary thyroid cancer . A ƙarshe, don cimma tabbataccen ganewar asali kafin yanke shawara akan jiyya, ana iya yin gwajin cytology mai kyau na allura da kuma bayar da rahoto bisa ga tsarin Bethesda .[22]

Bayan ganewar asali, don fahimtar yuwuwar cututtuka, ko kuma bin diddigin sa ido bayan tiyata, ana iya yin hoton I-131 ko I-123 na rediyoaktif iodine.[23]

A cikin manya ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba, ba a ba da shawarar yin gwajin cutar kansar thyroid ba.[24]

Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ginshiƙi na nau'in ciwon daji na thyroid ta hanyar haɗari.[25]

Za a iya rarraba kansar thyroid bisa ga halayen histopathological .[26][27] Za'a iya rarrabe wadannan bambance-bambancen (rarraba abubuwa daban-daban na iya nuna bambancin yanki):

  • Papillary thyroid ciwon daji (75 zuwa 85% na lokuta[28] ) - an fi gano sau da yawa a cikin 'yan mata matasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in ciwon daji na thyroid kuma yana da kyakkyawar ganewa. Yana iya faruwa a cikin matan da ke da adenomatous polyposis na iyali da kuma a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon Cowden . Hakanan akwai nau'in nau'in ciwon daji na papillary thyroid.[29]
  • Sabon bambance-bambancen da aka sake rarrabawa: neoplasm follicular thyroid neoplasm wanda ba shi da ƙarfi tare da fasalin papillary-kamar makaman nukiliya ana ɗaukarsa azaman ƙari mara ƙarfi na iyakantaccen yuwuwar ilimin halitta.
  • Follicular thyroid cancer (10 zuwa 20% na lokuta ) - lokaci-lokaci ana gani a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Cowden. Wasu sun haɗa da Hürthle cell carcinoma a matsayin bambance-bambancen wasu kuma suna lissafta shi azaman nau'in daban.[30]
  • Medullary thyroid ciwon daji (5 zuwa 8% na lokuta) - ciwon daji na parafollicular Kwayoyin, sau da yawa wani ɓangare na mahara endocrine neoplasia type 2 .[31]
  • Rashin bambance-bambancen ciwon daji na thyroid
  • Ciwon daji na thyroid anaplastic (1 zuwa 2%[32] ) ba ya amsa magani kuma yana iya haifar da alamun matsa lamba.
  • Wasu
    • Thyroid lymphoma
    • Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma
    • Sarcoma na thyroid
    • Cutar sankarau

Nau'in follicular da papillary tare ana iya rarraba su azaman "canzawar thyroid daban-daban".[33] Waɗannan nau'ikan suna da tsinkaye mafi kyawu fiye da nau'ikan medullary da waɗanda ba su da bambanci.[34]

Papillary microcarcinoma wani yanki ne na ciwon daji na papillary thyroid wanda aka ayyana azaman nodule wanda bai kai ko daidai da 1 ba. cm.[35] 43% na duk ciwon daji na thyroid da 50% na sababbin lokuta na papillary thyroid carcinoma su ne papillary microcarcinoma.[36][37] Dabarun gudanarwa don microcarcinoma na papillary na wucin gadi akan duban dan tayi (kuma an tabbatar akan FNAB) kewayo daga jimlar thyroidectomy tare da ablation na radioactive iodine zuwa lobectomy ko kallo kadai. Harach et al. bayar da shawarar yin amfani da kalmar "ciwon daji na papillary" don guje wa ba wa marasa lafiya damuwa game da ciwon daji. Woolner et al. na farko ba da gangan ya ƙirƙiro kalmar "carcinoma occult papillary carcinoma", a cikin 1960, don kwatanta ciwon daji na papillary ≤ 1.5 cm a diamita.[38]

Tsayawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsarin ciwon daji shine tsarin tantance girman ci gaban ciwon daji. Ana amfani da tsarin tsarawa na TNM don rarraba matakan ciwon daji, amma ba na kwakwalwa ba.

  • Stage M1 thyroid cancer
    Stage M1 thyroid cancer
  • Stage N1a thyroid cancer
    Stage N1a thyroid cancer
  • Stage N1b thyroid cancer
    Stage N1b thyroid cancer
  • Stage T1a thyroid cancer
    Stage T1a thyroid cancer
  • Stage T1b ciwon daji na thyroid
    Stage T1b ciwon daji na thyroid
  • Stage T2 thyroid cancer
    Stage T2 thyroid cancer
  • Stage T3 thyroid cancer
    Stage T3 thyroid cancer
  • Stage T4a thyroid cancer
    Stage T4a thyroid cancer
  • Stage T4b thyroid cancer
    Stage T4b thyroid cancer

Metastases[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana iya gano bambancin ƙwayar cutar ciwon daji na thyroid ta hanyar yin cikakken scintigraphy ta amfani da aidin-131.[39][40]

Sanannen lokuta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Daniel Snyder, Ba'amurke mai kungiyar Kwallon kafa ta Washington [41]
  • Danny New, mai haɗin gwiwar Rana don WFLA[42][43] da kuma wanda ya gabata na Mass Appeal akan WWLP .[44]
  • Erica Lugo, koci a kan Babban Mai hasara a nunin talabijin.[45][46][47][48]
  • Jerry Dipoto, tsohon dan wasan Baseball na Major League [49]
  • William Rehnquist, Babban Mai Shari'a na Amurka (1986-2005) ya mutu Satumba 3, 2005 daga ciwon daji na thyroid anaplastic [50]
  • Esther Grace Earl, Avid Nerdfighter (Agusta 3, 1994-Agusta 25, 2010) Ya mutu daga papillary thyroid cancer wanda ya yada zuwa huhu [51]
  • Uhm Jung-hwa, Mawaƙin Koriya ta Kudu, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ɗan rawa [52]
  • Lee Moon-sae, Mawaƙin Ballad na Koriya ta Kudu [53]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Thyroid Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute (in Turanci). 27 April 2017. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  2. ↑ "Cancer Fact sheet N°297". World Health Organization. February 2014. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  3. ↑ "Defining Cancer". National Cancer Institute. 17 September 2007. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Thyroid Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute (in Turanci). 12 May 2017. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  5. ↑ Carling, T.; Udelsman, R. (2014). "Thyroid Cancer". Annual Review of Medicine. 65: 125–37. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-061512-105739. PMID 24274180.
  6. ↑ US Preventive Services Task, Force.; Bibbins-Domingo, K; Grossman, DC; Curry, SJ; Barry, MJ; Davidson, KW; Doubeni, CA; Epling JW, Jr; Kemper, AR; Krist, AH; Kurth, AE; Landefeld, CS; Mangione, CM; Phipps, MG; Silverstein, M; Simon, MA; Siu, AL; Tseng, CW (9 May 2017). "Screening for Thyroid Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 317 (18): 1882–1887. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.4011. PMID 28492905. S2CID 205091526.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Cancer of the Thyroid - Cancer Stat Facts". seer.cancer.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  8. ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.15. ISBN 978-9283204299.
  10. ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  11. ↑ "Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers" Archived 28 ga Faburairu, 2010 at the Wayback Machine in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach Archived 4 Oktoba 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 11 ed. 2008.
  12. ↑ Durante, Cosimo; Grani, Giorgio; Lamartina, Livia; Filetti, Sebastiano; Mandel, Susan J.; Cooper, David S. (2018-03-06). "The Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules". JAMA (in Turanci). 319 (9): 914–924. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0898. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 29509871. S2CID 5042725.
  13. ↑ "Radioactive I-131 from Fallout". National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 dos Santos Silva I, Swerdlow AJ (1993). "Thyroid cancer epidemiology in England and Wales: time trends and geographical distribution". Br J Cancer. 67 (2): 330–40. doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.61. PMC 1968194. PMID 8431362.
  15. ↑ "Experts link higher incidence of children's cancer to Fukushima radiation". ScienceAlert. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  16. ↑ Pacini, F. (2012). "Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up". Annals of Oncology. 21: 214–19. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq190. PMID 20555084.
  17. ↑ "Genetics of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Neoplasias". National Cancer Institute. 1 January 1980. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  18. ↑ Floridi, Chiara; Cellina, Michaela; Buccimazza, Giorgio; Arrichiello, Antonio; Sacrini, Andrea; Arrigoni, Francesco; Pompili, Giovanni; Barile, Antonio; Carrafiello, Gianpaolo (September 2019). "Ultrasound imaging classifications of thyroid nodules for malignancy risk stratification and clinical management: state of the art". Gland Surgery. 8 (Suppl 3): S233–S244. doi:10.21037/gs.2019.07.01. ISSN 2227-684X. PMC 6755949. PMID 31559190.
  19. ↑ Bennedbaek FN, Perrild H, Hegedüs L (1999). "Diagnosis and treatment of the solitary thyroid nodule. Results of a European survey". Clin. Endocrinol. 50 (3): 357–63. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00663.x. PMID 10435062. S2CID 21514672.
  20. ↑ "Thyroid scan: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-05.
  21. ↑ "Vol 7 Issue 6 p.3-4". American Thyroid Association (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-05.
  22. ↑ Renuka, I. V.; Saila Bala, G.; Aparna, C.; Kumari, Ramana; Sumalatha, K. (December 2012). "The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Interpretation and Guidelines in Surgical Treatment". Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 64 (4): 305–311. doi:10.1007/s12070-011-0289-4. ISSN 2231-3796. PMC 3477437. PMID 24294568.
  23. ↑ Gerard, Stephen K.; Cavalieri, Ralph R. (January 2002). "I-123 diagnostic thyroid tumor whole-body scanning with imaging at 6, 24, and 48 hours". Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 27 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1097/00003072-200201000-00001. ISSN 0363-9762. PMID 11805475. S2CID 22871325.
  24. ↑ Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten; Grossman, David C.; Curry, Susan J.; Barry, Michael J.; Davidson, Karina W.; Doubeni, Chyke A.; Epling, John W.; Kemper, Alex R.; Krist, Alex H.; Kurth, Ann E.; Landefeld, C. Seth; Mangione, Carol M.; Phipps, Maureen G.; Silverstein, Michael; Simon, Melissa A.; Siu, Albert L.; Tseng, Chien-Wen (9 May 2017). "Screening for Thyroid Cancer". JAMA. 317 (18): 1882–1887. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.4011. PMID 28492905. S2CID 205091526.
  25. ↑ Malith, V; Bombil, I; Harran, N; Luvhengo, TE (2018). "Demographic and histological subtypes of Hurthle cell tumours of the thyroid in a South African setting". South African Journal of Surgery. 56 (3): 20–23. doi:10.17159/2078-5151/2018/v56n3a2557. ISSN 0038-2361. PMID 30264938.
  26. ↑ "Thyroid Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 1 January 1980. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  27. ↑ "Thyroid cancer". National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  28. ↑ Chapter 20 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. 8th edition.
  29. ↑ Yu, Xiao-Min; Schneider, David F.; Leverson, Glen; Chen, Herbert; Sippel, Rebecca S. (October 2013). "Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is a Unique Clinical Entity: A Population-Based Study of 10,740 Cases". Thyroid. 23 (10): 1263–1268. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0453. ISSN 1050-7256. PMC 3787730. PMID 23477346.
  30. ↑ Grani, Giorgio; Lamartina, Livia; Durante, Cosimo; Filetti, Sebastiano; Cooper, David S (November 2017). "Follicular thyroid cancer and Hürthle cell carcinoma: challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management". The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 6 (6): 500–514. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30325-X. PMID 29102432. S2CID 24129533.
  31. ↑ Schlumberger M, Carlomagno F, Baudin E, Bidart JM, Santoro M (2008). "New therapeutic approaches to treat medullary thyroid carcinoma". Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 4 (1): 22–32. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0717. PMID 18084343. S2CID 25818628.
  32. ↑ "Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer". Columbia Thyroid Center. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  33. ↑ Nix P, Nicolaides A, Coatesworth AP (2005). "Thyroid cancer review 2: management of differentiated thyroid cancers". Int. J. Clin. Pract. 59 (12): 1459–63. doi:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00672.x. PMID 16351679. S2CID 7912705. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013.
  34. ↑ Nix PA, Nicolaides A, Coatesworth AP (2006). "Thyroid cancer review 3: management of medullary and undifferentiated thyroid cancer". Int. J. Clin. Pract. 60 (1): 80–84. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00673.x. PMID 16409432. S2CID 11825588.
  35. ↑ Shaha AR (2007). "TNM classification of thyroid carcinoma". World J Surg. 31 (5): 879–87. doi:10.1007/s00268-006-0864-0. PMID 17308849. S2CID 23121159.
  36. ↑ Dideban, S; Abdollahi, A; Meysamie, A; Sedghi, S; Shahriari, M (2016). "Thyroid Papillary Microcarcinoma: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations,Diagnosis, Follow-up, Histopathology and Prognosis". Iranian Journal of Pathology. 11 (1): 1–19. PMC 4749190. PMID 26870138.
  37. ↑ Hughes, DT; Haymart, MR; Miller, BS; Gauger, PG; Doherty, GM (March 2011). "The most commonly occurring papillary thyroid cancer in the United States is now a microcarcinoma in a patient older than 45 years". Thyroid. 21 (3): 231–6. doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0137. hdl:2027.42/90466. PMID 21268762.
  38. ↑ Woolner LL, Lemmon ML, Beahrs OH, Black BM, Keating FR (1960). "Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a study of 140 cases observed in a 30-year period". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 20: 89–105. doi:10.1210/jcem-20-1-89. PMID 13845950.
  39. ↑ Hindié E, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Keller I, Duron F, Devaux JY, Calzada-Nocaudie M, Sarfati E, Moretti JL, Bouchard P, Toubert ME (2007). "Bone metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer: Impact of early 131I-based detection on outcome". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 14 (3): 799–807. doi:10.1677/ERC-07-0120. PMID 17914109.
  40. ↑ Schlumberger M, Arcangioli O, Piekarski JD, Tubiana M, Parmentier C (1988). "Detection and treatment of lung metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with normal chest X-rays". Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 29 (11): 1790–94. PMID 3183748.
  41. ↑ "Celebrities with Thyroid problems". Alexander Shifrin. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  42. ↑ "Thyroid surgeon Dr. Gary Clayman teaches Danny about his cancer diagnosis". WFLA (in Turanci). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  43. ↑ "Danny shares he has thyroid cancer, advocates for awareness". WFLA (in Turanci). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  44. ↑ "Danny New is heading back to the Sunshine State". WWLP (in Turanci). 2019-12-03. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  45. ↑ "'Biggest Loser' coach who lost 160 pounds keeps training after thyroid cancer". TODAY.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  46. ↑ "'The basics are what worked': How this woman lost 160 pounds". TODAY.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  47. ↑ "'I Thought My Body-Image Issues Were Behind Me. Then I Was Diagnosed With Thyroid Cancer.'". www.yahoo.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  48. ↑ "'This body beat cancer': Biggest Loser trainer Erica Lugo HITS BACK at cruel comments over her 'loose skin' in recent bikini selfie". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  49. ↑ Bamberger, Michael (27 May 2002). "Survivors". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  50. ↑ Lane, Charles (8 September 2005). "Rehnquist Eulogies Look Beyond Bench". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  51. ↑ "'Our Story - This Star Won't Go Out'". www.tswgo.org. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  52. ↑ http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20101020000759
  53. ↑ http://m.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201503311319126591959_2
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