Clarina I. H. Nichols

Clarina I. H. Nichols
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Townshend (en) , 25 ga Janairu, 1810
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa	Potter Valley (en) , 11 ga Janairu, 1885
Makwanci	Potter Valley Cemetery (en)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Justin Carpenter (en)
Yara	view A. O. Carpenter (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan jarida da lobbyist (en)

An haife shi a West Townshend, Vermont a cikin 1810, a cikin dangin New England masu wadata, Clarina Nichols ta fada cikin mawuyacin hali bayan bala'in auren wuri. Tallafawa kanta da 'ya'yanta akan "ladan mata" - rabi zuwa kashi uku na abin da maza suka samu don irin wannan aiki - ta fara rubutawa ga jarida a Brattleboro, Vermont, Windham County Democrat a 1845 . Ta auri edita kuma mai wallafa, George Nichols; lokacin da ya zama mara aiki, ta yi shiru ta karbi aikinsa a takardar. Ta hanyar sabuwar sana'arta, an gabatar da ita ga ƙungiyoyin gyare-gyare daban-daban na wannan rana - tawali'u, 'yancin mata, adawa da bauta, sutura da gyaran abinci - kuma ta rungumi yawancin su.

Ta taimaka wajen shirya mata masu tasowa a Gabas. A watan Oktoban 1852, ta taimaka wajen shirya na farko daga cikin koke-koke da yawa da aka gabatar wa majalisar dokokin Vermont don baiwa mata 'yancin kada kuri'a a tarurrukan makaranta.

Lokacin da Dokar Kansas-Nebraska ta 1854 ta yi barazanar kafa bauta a wajen Kudu, Clarina Nichols ta kori danginta don zama majagaba kuma mai fafutuka a Kansas . Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya taimaka wajen sanya jihar da ta karbe a sahun gaba wajen yancin mata, inda ta samu girmamawa da goyon bayan mata irin su Susan B. Anthony da Elizabeth Cady Stanton . A lokacin rayuwar da ta kasance mai cike da shagala, Clarina Nichols ta yi aiki a matsayin malami, malami, edita, marubuci, manomi, likita kuma lauya, magatakardar gwamnati, matron a cikin gida ga yara baƙar fata da matan da mazansu suka mutu, kuma shugabar kan hanyar dogo ta ƙasa. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1885 a California, inda ta yi hidimar majagaba kuma ta yi fushi har ƙarshe.

Ta kasance Babbar Jagorar Tashar Railroad ta Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa kuma Mai Gudanarwa yayin da take zaune a Quindaro, Kansas . Ta bar wasiƙa tana ba da labarin lokacin da aka kawo wata mai neman ‘Yanci mai suna Caroline gidanta. Maigidan bawa Caroline da sauran masu farautar bayi sun yi sansani a gefen garin suna neman ta. Clarina ta ba da labarin ɓoye Caroline a cikin wani rijiyar da babu kowa a cikin dare sannan ta tura ta kan titin Arewa da zarar ta tsira.

Duba kuma

• Aurelius O. Kafinta, danta

Kara karantawa

• Diane Eickhoff, Zuciyar Juyin Juyi: Clarina Nichols da Crusade na Majagaba don 'Yancin Mata. Kansas City, KS: Quindaro Press, 2006. [1] Hakanan an sake shi a cikin sigar YA kamar yadda Clarina Nichols: Frontier Crusader for Women's Rights . [2]
• Marilyn S. Blackwell da Kristen T. Oertel, Frontier Feminist: Clarina Howard Nichols da Siyasar uwa. Lawrence, KS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Kansas, 2010. [3]

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Clarina Nichols, Mai fafutukar kare hakkin Mata kuma yar jarida
• Biography, daga gidan yanar gizon da Jami'ar Kansas da Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Jihar Kansas suka kirkira
• Clarina Irene Howard Nichols Papers. Archived Laburaren Schlesinger Archived 2012-05-09 at the Wayback Machine , Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard.