Constance I na Sicily

Constance I na Sicily
sarauniya
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Palermo, 2 Nuwamba, 1154
ƙasa	Daular Sicily
Mutuwa	Palermo, 27 Nuwamba, 1198
Makwanci	Tomb of Constance of Sicily, Holy Roman Empress (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Roger II of Sicily
Mahaifiya	Beatrice of Rethel
Abokiyar zama	Henry VI (en)  (27 ga Janairu, 1186 -
Yara	view Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (en)
Ahali	Tancred, Prince of Bari (en) , Roger III, Duke of Apulia (en) , William I of Sicily (en) , Alfonso of Hauteville (en) da Simon, Prince of Taranto (en)
Yare	Hauteville family (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	sarki da consort (en)

Constance I ( Italian  ; 2 Nuwamba 1154 - 27 Nuwamba 1198) ta kasance sarauniyar Sicily daga 1194 har zuwa mutuwarta da kuma Sarauta ta Romawa Mai Tsarki daga 1191 zuwa 1197 a matsayin matar Sarki Henry na VI .

A matsayinta na sarauniyar Sicily mai mulki, ta yi mulki tare da mijinta, daga baya kuma tare da ɗanta, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki Frederick na Biyu . Ta shahara musamman saboda ayyukanta ga iyalinta, sarakunan Norman na Sicily; ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a ƙarshen kasancewar Hauteville a Sicily.

Duk da cewa ita kaɗai ce magajin gadon sarautar Sicily, ba ta yi aure ba sai da ta kai shekara 30 saboda wani annabci; jim kaɗan bayan ta zama sarauniya, ta shiga yaƙin maye gurbin Sarki Tancred ɗan uwanta na haramtacciyar sarautar Sicily, wanda a lokacin aka kama ta, duk da cewa daga baya aka sake ta ba tare da wata matsala ba. A tarihin Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki, Sarakuna biyu ne kawai aka kama, ɗayan kuma surukarta Sarauniya Beatrice .

Ba da daɗewa ba kafin ta hau gadon sarautar Sicily, tana da shekaru 40, ta haifi ɗanta tilo, Frederick, ta haka ta ci gaba da zuriyar Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki da Masarautar Sicily.

Bayan mutuwar mijinta, ta daina da'awar ɗanta a kan karagar mulkin Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki maimakon ƙanin mijinta Philip na Swabia, wanda hakan ya sa ɗanta ya zama sarkin Sicily kawai. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da amfani da muƙamin sarautarta. Ta mutu bayan shekara guda, bayan ta damka ƙaramin ɗanta ga Paparoma Innocent na Uku .

Bayani da aure

Constance 'yar Sarki Roger II ce bayan mutuwar matarsa ta uku Beatrice ta Rethel . Constance, wacce ba a saba gani ba ga gimbiya, ba a yi mata aure ba har sai da ta kai shekara talatin, wanda daga baya ya haifar da labaran cewa ta zama mai bin addinin Kirista kuma tana buƙatar a ba ta izinin yin aure kafin ta auri Paparoma. Boccaccio ya ba da labari a cikin littafinsa De mulieribus claris cewa hasashen cewa "auren nata zai lalata Sicily" ya sa aka tsare ta don ta ci gaba da zama ba tare da aure ba, kuma zuwa ƙarni na 15, gidan sufi na Santissimo Salvatore, Palermo, ya yi iƙirarin Constance a matsayin tsohon memba.

A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 1168, a lokacin mulkin babban ɗan uwanta Sarki William na Biyu a Messina, adawa da Shugaban Ƙasar, Stephen du Perche, ta yi tsanani. An yaɗa jita-jita cewa an kashe William, kuma Shugaban Ƙasar yana shirin ɗaura ɗan'uwansa a kan karagar mulki ta hanyar auren Constance, duk da cewa William yana da ɗan'uwa, Henry na Capua . Daga ƙarshe aka tilasta wa Stephen ya gudu.

Henry ya mutu a shekara ta 1172, [1] yayin da Sarki William na Biyu bai yi aure ba sai a shekara ta 1177 kuma aurensa ya kasance ba shi da ɗa (ko kuma ya taɓa samun ɗa mai suna Bohemond a shekara ta 1181), [2] Constance ya zama magajin sarautar Sicily; duk da haka, duk da cewa an ce an naɗa shi magajin kuma an yi masa rantsuwa a shekara ta 1174, ta ci gaba da zama a gidan sufi tare da aurenta da alama ba za a iya la'akari da shi ba har sai da ta kai shekara 30.

An sanar da aurenta da Henry, Sarkin Romawa, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1184 a fadar bishop na Augsburg, wani taron da Paparoma Lucius na III ya fara maimakon ya ƙi amincewa da shi. A shekara ta 1185, Constance ta yi tafiya zuwa Milan don bikin auren, tare da wani babban jerin gwanon yarima da sarakuna. Henry ya raka ta zuwa Salerno a watan Agusta amma dole ne ya koma Jamus don jana'izar mahaifiyarsa. A ranar 28 ga Agusta, jakadun Sarki sun tarbi Constance a lardin Rieti. An yi auren Henry da Constance a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1186 a Basilica na Sant'Ambrogio, Milan. A madadin auren, Sarki Frederick na 1 ya amince ya bar da'awarsa ta kudancin Italiya. Kafin ya bar Sicily, William na 2 ya sami manyan mutane uku (ɗan uwansa Tancred, Count of Lecce, Roger na Andria, da mataimakin shugaban gwamnati Matthew na Ajello ) sun yi mata rantsuwa a matsayin wanda zai iya maye gurbin gadon sarauta a cocin Troia. Matthew ya yi adawa da wannan auren sosai. Abulafia (1988) ya nuna cewa William bai hango haɗin kan kambin Jamus da Sicily a matsayin babban abin da zai faru ba; manufarsa ita ce haɗa ƙawance da wani abokin gaba na mulkin Norman a Italiya. Wata manufar William wajen auren Constance ita ce hana Tancred samun gadon sarauta.

Constance ta shiga tsakani a rikicin maye gurbin kakanta, Count Henry na Namur, tare da mijinta da surukinta: Henry ya naɗa ɗan'uwansa Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut a matsayin magajinsa tun yana da 'ya'ya, amma yana da 'ya mace Ermesinde a 1186 don haka ya nemi maye gurbin Baldwin da ita. A ƙarƙashin umarnin Frederick I, Baldwin ya gaje shi zuwa Namur a 1189 yayin da Henry yake raye.

Paparoma, wanda shi ma abokin gaban sarakuna ne, bai so ganin masarautar kudancin Italiya (wanda a lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi arziki a Turai) a hannun Jamus ba, amma Henry ya matsa wa Paparoma Celestine na Uku ya yi wa ɗansa baftisma ya kuma naɗa shi sarki; Paparoma ya yi watsi da shi.

Da'awar da aka yi wa Sicily

Da yake ya san cewa sarakunan Norman na Sicily ba za su yi maraba da sarkin Hohenstaufen ba, William ya sa manyan sarakuna, da manyan mutanen fadarsa, su yi alƙawarin amincewa da gadon Constance idan ya mutu ba tare da magada kai tsaye ba. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwarsa ta bazata a shekara ta 1189, Tancred ya karɓi gadon sarautar. Tancred ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne amma ya sami goyon bayan yawancin manyan mutanen masarautar kamar Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa Matthew na Ajello. A gefe guda kuma, Archbishop Walter na Mill da yawancin masu sarauta sun goyi bayan Constance. Matthew ya sami damar jawo hankalin Walter da sauran masu sarauta su goyi bayan Tancred.

Joan ta Ingila, matar William, ta yi imanin cewa Constance ita ce magajin da ya dace kuma ta goyi bayan Jamusawa da ƙarfi; a martanin da ta mayar, Tancred ya tsare Sarauniya Joan a gidan yari kuma ya kwace kadarorinta masu yawa, wanda hakan ya fusata ɗan'uwanta Sarki Richard na ɗaya na Ingila, wanda daga baya ya cece ta.

Tafiya ta farko

Yayin da surukin Constance, Frederick Barbarossa, ke kan wani yaƙin neman 'yanci, an tilasta wa Henry da Constance su zauna a Jamus kuma ba za su iya matsa mata lamba ta karɓi kambin Sicily ba. Sarki Frederick ya mutu a shekara ta 1190 kuma a shekara mai zuwa aka naɗa Henry da Constance sarki da sarauniya. Daga nan Constance ta raka mijinta a kan wata babbar rundunar sojoji don kwace sarautar Sicily daga Tancred da ƙarfi tare da goyon bayan rundunar sojojin Pisan masu aminci. Garuruwan arewacin masarautar sun buɗe ƙofofinsu ga Henry, gami da tsoffin wuraren yaƙi na Norman, Capua da Aversa . Salerno, babban birnin Roger II, ta aika da saƙo cewa Henry yana nan a shirye kuma ta gayyaci Constance ta zauna a tsohon fadar mahaifinta don gujewa zafin lokacin rani, da kuma karɓar magani daga likitoci don lafiyarta mara lafiya. Duk da cewa an yi mata maraba, Constance ta ji cewa 'yan ƙasa da yawa har yanzu suna da aminci ga Tancred yayin da suke raɗa a hankali.

A Naples, Henry ya fuskanci turjiya ta farko a dukkan yakin, kuma an daure shi har zuwa lokacin bazara na kudu daga watan Mayu zuwa Agusta, wanda a lokacin yawancin sojojin sun kamu da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da sauran cututtuka. Har ma Henry da kansa ya yi rashin lafiya. Henry na Welf, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin mamayar Naples, ya gudu zuwa Jamus, ya yi iƙirarin ƙarya cewa sarkin ya mutu, kuma ya yi iƙirarin kansa a matsayin wanda zai iya maye gurbinsa. Duk da cewa Henry na VI ya warke, an tilasta wa sojojin daular su janye daga masarautar gaba ɗaya. Constance ya ci gaba da zama a Salerno tare da ƙaramin sansanin sojoji a matsayin alamar cewa Henry zai dawo nan ba da jimawa ba.

Ɗaure ɗan gajeren lokaci

Constance daure, daga Liber ad honorem Augusti .