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Cutar Loneliness

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Cutar Loneliness
social issue (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na social issue (en) Fassara
Fuskar Lafiyar kwakwalwa da Al'umma

Cutar kaɗaici kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana karuwar kaɗaici da warewar jama'a.[1][2] An yi jayayya cewa karuwar ta fara ne a cikin shekarun 2010 kuma ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar nisantar jama'a, umarnin zama a gida, da Mutuwa a lokacin annobar COVID-19. [1] [3] Sauran abubuwan da aka ba da gudummawa don karuwar sun haɗa da son kai, fasaha da kafofin sada zumunta, Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, rashin tallafin zamantakewa, da rashin digiri na kwaleji.[4]

Tarihin nazarin kaɗaici

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A cikin shekara ta 2010, wani bita na tsari da kuma nazarin meta da Holt-Lunstad, Smith, da Layton suka yi, sun bayyana cewa "hanyar rayuwa ta zamani a cikin kasashe masu masana'antu" tana rage ingancin dangantakar zamantakewa sosai, wani bangare saboda mutanen da ba sa zaune kusa da iyalansu. Binciken ya lura cewa daga 1990 zuwa 2010, yawan Amurkawa da ba su bayar da rahoton cewa babu wani asirin da ya ninka sau uku.[1]

An buga bincike da yawa game da batun jim kadan kafin annobar COVID-19 ta hanyar masana kimiyya kamar Claude S. Fischer da Eric Klinenberg. Duk da yake ba a bayyana batun kaɗaici a duniya a matsayin " annoba ba," binciken ya kammala cewa kaɗaici babban batu ne tare da tasirin kiwon lafiya ga miliyoyin mutane.[2][3]


A Turai, Cibiyar Bincike ta hadin gwiwa ta Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta gudanar da kwatankwacin kwatankwacin yaduwar da ke tattare da kaɗaici da warewar jama'a a lokacin kafin COVID. Binciken ya nuna cewa kashi 8.6% na yawan manya a Turai suna fuskantar kaɗaici akai-akai kuma kashi 20.8% suna fuskantar warewar zamantakewa, tare da gabashin Turai da ke yin rikodin mafi girman yaduwar abubuwan biyu.[4]

Tare, waɗannan binciken sun haifar da ƙoƙarin da aka yi kwanan nan don bincikawa da magance kaɗaici a matsayin fifiko na kiwon lafiyar jama'a, a Amurka da duniya.

Wasu marubutan sun gano son kai a matsayin tushen dalilin kaɗaici a cikin Al'ummomin Yamma, musamman a cikin Masanan Amurka kamar Robert N. Bellah, a cikin Habits of the Heart, suna jayayya cewa son kai na Amurka yana raunana alaƙar al'umma, wanda ke haifar da warewar zamantakewa da kaɗaici. Hakazalika, rubutun Wendell Berry sun jaddada yadda tsarin zamantakewa na zamani, na riba ke lalata haɗin al'umma.

Amfani da fasaha wani muhimmin abu ne. A cewar Capita, wani tanki na Amurka wanda ya kware a cikin nazarin kaɗaici, yawan amfani da dijital da kafofin sada zumunta, musamman tsakanin matasa, sau da yawa yana Ragewa hulɗa Rayuwa ta ainihi kuma yana zurfafa jin dadin warewa.[5] A cikin wani rubutun da ake kira The Good, The Bad & The Lonely, Capita ya nuna cewa Gen Z yana fuskantar matsanancin kaɗaici, yayin da suke ba da rahoton ƙarancin shiga cikin Ayyukan al'umma.[6] Binciken Richard Weissbourd ya goyi bayan waɗannan binciken, yana haɗa kafofin sada zumunta da Lokacin allo zuwa cirewa tsakanin matasa na Amurka.[7]

An kuma sami ƙalubalen tattalin arziki don ƙara waɗannan batutuwan. Ma'aikatan da ke biyan albashi da mutane a yankunan da ke fama da matsalar tattalin arziki suna fuskantar matakan kaɗaici saboda iyakancewar motsi na zamantakewa da samun damar albarkatun al'umma.[8] Littafin Chris Arnade Dignity ya bayyana yadda Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki ke ware mutane, musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ke da karancin kudin shiga. Yawan da aka ruwaito na jin kaɗaici yana da alaƙa mara kyau da samun kudin shiga, a duk faɗin da kuma cikin ƙasashe.

A halin yanzu, binciken 2021 game da tasirin Iyaye akan kaɗaici ya nuna cewa kodayake iyaye suna ba da rahoton ɗan ƙarin tallafin zamantakewa fiye da waɗanda ba iyaye ba, Gidaje masu zaman kansu da ƙananan yanayin tallafin zamantakewar jama'a suna fuskantar haɗarin keɓewa.[9] Timothy P. Carney's Family Unfriendly ya nuna manufofi waɗanda suka kasa tallafawa iyaye masu zama a gida, suna ba da gudummawa ga warewa da ƙalubalen lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Amsawar duniya game da annobar kaɗaici

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Tun daga shekarun 2010, an ƙaddamar da manyan shirye-shirye a ƙasashe da suka haɗa da Amurka, Ostiraliya da Burtaniya.[10]

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana kaɗaici a matsayin "damuwar lafiyar jama'a ta duniya" kuma ta kaddamar da kwamiti na kasa da kasa don nazarin matsalar.

Amurka

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A Amurka, annobar kaɗaici ta ƙara zama batun muhawara ta jama'a, musamman tun daga Mayu 2023, lokacin da likitan Amurka Janar Vivek Murthy ya buga wani shawarwari na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam game da tasirin annobar kaɗaiبوون da warewa.[11] Rahoton ya bayyana haɗarin kiwon lafiya na kaɗaici, gami da cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini, da rashin hankali, kuma ya kwatanta haɗarin kaɗaici da wasu barazanar lafiyar jama'a kamar shan sigari da kiba.[12][13]

Bayan shawarwarin Murthy, shawarwarin majalisa na jam'iyyun biyu sun fito, musamman Dokar Shirye-shiryen Kasa don Haɗin Jama'a karkashin jagorancin Sanata Chris Murphy. Wannan aikin da aka gabatar yana da niyyar kafa ofishin tarayya wanda ke mai da hankali kan magance kaɗaici da inganta haɗin zamantakewa ta hanyar al'umma da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jama'a.[14]

Tattaunawar game da kaɗaici tun daga lokacin ya fadada don haɗawa da martani na matakin jihar da kuma wayar da kan jama'a, yana jaddada buƙatar ƙoƙarin tsarin don magance wannan ƙalubalen lafiyar jama'a.[5]

A watan Satumbar 2024, jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito cewa ma'aunin da ke nuna kaɗaici sun kasance sananne ne musamman tsakanin Amurkawa waɗanda ba su da digiri na kwaleji.

Bayanan littattafai

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  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] Halin Zuciya: Mutum da Alkawari a Rayuwar Amurka. Jami'ar California Press. ISBN 9780520053885
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Bowling Alone: Rushewa da farfadowa na al'ummar Amurka. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743203043ISBN 9780743203043 
  • [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. "Hadin gwiwar Jama'a da Hadarin Mutuwa: Binciken Meta-analytic". Magungunan PLOS.
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 7] The Art of the Commonplace: The Agrarian Essays of Wendell Berry . ReadHowYouWant. ISBN 9781458780645.ISBN 9781458780645 
  • [Hotuna a shafi na 9] KFF.org/attachment/Report-Loneliness-and-Social-Isolation-in-the-United-States-the-United-Kingdom-and-Japan-An-International-Survey" id="mwATM" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Samun kai da warewar jama'a a Amurka, Ingila, da Japan: Binciken Duniya"[permanent dead link]. KFF.
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Daraja: Neman Daraja a Back Row America . Kungiyar Bugawa ta Penguin. ISBN 9780525534730.ISBN 9780525534730 
  • Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. "Loneliness a Turai kafin da kuma lokacin annobar COVID-19". Cibiyar Bincike ta hadin gwiwa ta Hukumar Tarayyar Turai.
  • Kyaftin. (2022). Rahoton Haɗin Jama'a: Dangantakar da ke Haɗa da Kulawa. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]
  • Surkalim, D. L.; Luo, M.; Eres, R.; Gebel, K.; van Buskirk, J.; Bauman, A; da sauransu (2022). "Yaduwar kaɗaici a cikin ƙasashe 113: bita na tsari da meta-analysis". BMJ.
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 2024]. Family Unfriendly: Yadda Al'adunmu suka Sa Rashin Yara Fiye da Ya Bukata. HarperCollins ISBN 9780063236479.ISBN 9780063236479 

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Holt-Lunstad, Julianne; Smith, Timothy B.; Layton, J. Bradley (2010). "Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review". PLOS Medicine. 7 (7). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316. PMC 2910600. PMID 20668659.
  2. ↑ "All the Lonely Americans?". United States Congress Joint Economic Committee. 22 August 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  3. ↑ "Is there a loneliness epidemic?". University of Oxford. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  4. ↑ Baarck, J; D'hombres, B; Tintori, G (16 November 2021). "Loneliness in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic". Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.
  5. 1 2 "Social Connection Report: The Ties That Bind and Nurture". Capita.org. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  6. ↑ Erickson, Elizabeth (8 September 2022). "The Good, The Bad & The Lonely: What we need to know about Gen Z". Capita.org. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  7. ↑ Richard Weissbourd, Milena Batanova, Virginia Lovison, and Eric Torres (February 2021). "Loneliness in America: How the Pandemic Has Deepened an Epidemic of Loneliness and What We Can Do About It". Making Caring Common | Harvard Graduate School of Education. Retrieved 16 January 2025.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Corbin, Ian Marcus (24 July 2024). "What's Behind America's Loneliness Crisis?". Commonweal Magazine. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  9. ↑ Sprague-Jones, Jessica (10 December 2021). "Survey: Parents feel more social support than non-parents". Capita.org. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  10. ↑ Surkalim DL, Luo M, Eres R, Gebel K, van Buskirk J, Bauman A, et al. (2022). "The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis". The BMJ. 376. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067068. PMC 8826180 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35140066 Check |pmid= value (help). Worldwide, initiatives have been launched to address "the epidemic of loneliness."
  11. ↑ "Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation" (PDF). www.hhs.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 2, 2023. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
  12. ↑ "Social Isolation and Loneliness". www.who.int (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  13. ↑ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (4 March 2024). "Tackling the loneliness epidemic: A Q&A with Sen. Chris Murphy". YouTube. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  14. ↑ "Murphy Introduces Legislation to Establish National Strategy to Combat Loneliness, Promote Social Connection". Senator Chris Murphy. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
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