Cutar da ke fitowa
| Cutar da ke fitowa | |
|---|---|
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | infectious disease (en) risk factor (en) |
| Field of study (en) | Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya), epidemiology (en) Lafiyar jama'a |
| Sanadi | zoonosis |
| Identifier (en) | |
| MeSH | D021821 |
Cutar kamuwa da cuta mai tasowa (EID) tana nufin cututtukan kamuwa da cututtukani waɗanda suka fito ne a cikin yawan jama'a ko kuma sun wanzu amma suna ƙaruwa cikin sauri a cikin abin da ya faru, kewayon ƙasa, ko tsananin saboda dalilai kamar canje-canjen muhalli, juriya ta antimicrobial, da hulɗar mutum da dabba.[1] 'Yan tsiraru waɗanda ke iya haɓaka ingantaccen watsawa tsakanin mutane na iya zama manyan damuwa na jama'a da na duniya a matsayin masu iya haifar da annoba ko annoba.[2] Tasirinsu da yawa na iya zama tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, da kuma asibiti.[3] EIDs suna ƙaruwa a hankali tun aƙalla 1940.[4]
Ga kowane shekaru goma tun 1940, an sami karuwa mai yawa a cikin adadin abubuwan da suka faru na EID daga zoonosis da ke da alaƙa da namun daji. Ayyukan ɗan adam shine babban direba na wannan karuwa, tare da asarar bambancin halittu a matsayin babbar hanyar.[5]
cututtukan cututtuka masu tasowa suna da akalla 12% na dukkan cututtukan mutane.[1] EIDs na iya haifar da sababbin ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da sababbin nau'o'in ko nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta (misali sababbin ƙwayoyi, ebolaviruses, HIV).[2] Wasu EIDs sun samo asali ne daga sanannen kwayar cuta, kamar yadda yake faruwa tare da sababbin nau'ikan mura. EIDs na iya haifar da yaduwar cutar da ke akwai ga sabon jama'a a wani yanki daban, kamar yadda ya faru da barkewar zazzabin Yammacin Nilu. Wasu cututtukan da aka sani na iya fitowa a yankunan da ke fuskantar canjin muhalli (kamar yadda yake ga Cutar Lyme ).[3] Sauran na iya fuskantar sake farfadowa a matsayin sake farfaduwar cututtuka, kamar tarin fuka (bayan juriya ta miyagun ƙwayoyi) ko kyanda. [4][5] Nosocomial (wanda aka samu a asibiti), irin su Staphylococcus aureus mai tsayayya da methicillin suna fitowa a asibitoci, kuma suna da matukar matsala saboda suna da tsayayya ga maganin rigakafi da yawa.[6] Daga cikin damuwa mai girma akwai mummunan hulɗa tsakanin cututtukan da ke tasowa da sauran cututtukani masu kamuwa da cuta da wadanda ba masu kamuwa ba wanda ke haifar da ci gaban sababbin cututtukans.
Yawancin EID suna da zoonotic, [2] wanda ya samo asali ne daga cututtukan da ke cikin dabbobi, tare da yaduwar nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsuna kawai a cikin yawan mutane. [6] Misali, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa sune zoonotic [2] (yayinda wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta na iya zagayawa a cikin jinsin ba tare da an gane su ba, kamar yadda ya faru da Hepatitis C ).[7]
Tarihin ra'ayin cututtukan cututtukani masu yaduwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Likitan Faransa Charles Anglada (1809-1878) ya rubuta littafi a 1869 game da cututtuka da sababbin cututtuka. Bai rarrabe cututtukan cututtuka daga wasu ba (yana amfani da kalmomin cututtukani masu amsawa da cututtukana, don nufin cututtukano tare da dalilin waje ko na ciki, cututtukanshi masu ma'ana tare da ko ba tare da dalilin da za a iya gani ba). Ya rubuta a cikin gabatarwa:
A widely held opinion among physicians admits the invariability of pathologies. All the illnesses which have existed or which have an outbreak around us are categorized according to arrested and preconceived types, and must enter one way or the other into the frameworks established by the nosologists. History and observation protest wildly against this prejudice, and this is what they teach: Diseases which have disappeared and whose traces are confined to the archives of science, are followed by other diseases, unknown to the contemporary generation, and which come for the first time to assert their rights. In other words, there are extinct and new diseases.
Charles Nicolle, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani ya yi bayani dalla-dalla game da fitowar cututtuka a cikin littafinsa na 1930 Naissance, vie et mort des maladies infectieuses (Birth, Life and Death of Infectious Diseases), kuma daga baya a cikin Destin des maladies infctieuses (Fate of Infection Diseases) wanda aka buga a 1933 wanda ya zama bayanin lacca don koyarwarsa na shekara ta biyu a Collège de France. A cikin gabatarwa na littafin ya tsara shirin laccocin:
It is this historical existence, this destiny that will be the subject of our talks. I will have to answer, to the extent that our current knowledge allows, questions that you have asked yourself, that every thoughtful or simply curious mind asks: have the infectious diseases that we observe today always existed? Or have some of them appeared in the course of history? Can we assume that new ones will appear? Can we assume that some of these diseases will disappear? Have some of them already disappeared? Finally, what will become of humanity and domestic animals if, as a result of more and more frequent contacts between people, the number of infectious diseases continues to increase?
Kalmar cututtukan da ke fitowa ana amfani da su a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya tun farkon shekarun 1960 aƙalla kuma David Sencer ya yi amfani da shi a cikin ma'anar zamani a cikin labarinsa na 1971 "Cutar da ke fitowar Mutum da Dabbobi" [8] inda a cikin jumla ta farko ta gabatarwa ya bayyana cututtukun da ke fitowallafen a matsayin "cutar da ke fito da ke fitowan mutum da ke fito a halin yanzu a matsayin matsalolin kiwon lafiyar jama'a" kuma a sakamakon haka ya haɗa da cututtukatattun cututtukani:
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Canjin yanayi da cututtukan cututtuka
- Cutar X
- Canjin yaduwar cututtuka
- Duniyar Duniya da cututtuka
- Rigakafin annobar
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Emerging Infectious Diseases - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". www.cdc.gov (in Turanci). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 October 2018. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020.
- 1 2 3 Woolhouse ME, Gowtage-Sequeria S (December 2005). "Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 11 (12): 1842–1847. doi:10.3201/eid1112.050997. PMC 3367654. PMID 16485468. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Woolhouse2005" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Morens DM, Fauci AS (2013). "Emerging infectious diseases: threats to human health and global stability". PLOS Pathogens. 9 (7). doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003467. PMC 3701702. PMID 23853589.
- ↑ Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, Daszak P (February 2008). "Global trends in emerging infectious diseases". Nature. 451 (7181): 990–993. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..990J. doi:10.1038/nature06536. PMC 5960580. PMID 18288193.
- ↑ Keesing F, Belden LK, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell CD, Holt RD, Hudson P, Jolles A, Jones KE, Mitchell CE, Myers SS, Bogich T, Ostfeld RS (December 2010). "Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases". Nature. 468 (7324): 647–652. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..647K. doi:10.1038/nature09575. PMC 7094913. PMID 21124449.
- ↑ "The 2019–2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine‑World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID-19 Working Group Consensus Paper". ResearchGate. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
- ↑ Houghton M (November 2009). "The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus". Journal of Hepatology. 51 (5): 939–948. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004. PMID 19781804.
- ↑ Sencer DJ (October 1971). "Emerging diseases of man and animals". Annual Review of Microbiology. 25 (1): 465–486. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.25.100171.002341. PMID 5005031.