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Cututtukan talauci

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Cututtukan talauci
type of disease (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na cuta
Fuskar social determinants of health in poverty (en) Fassara
Has cause (en) Fassara Talauci

Cututtukan talauci, waɗanda aka fi sani da cututtukan da suka shafi talauci ( PRDs ), cututtuka ne da suka fi yawa a cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi. [1] Sun haɗa da cututtuka masu yaɗuwa, da kuma cututtuka da suka shafi rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma rashin kyawun ɗabi'un lafiya. Talauci yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin al'umma. Rahoton Lafiya na Duniya (2002) ya bayyana cewa cututtukan talauci suna da kashi 45% na nauyin cutar a cikin ƙasashen da ke da yawan talauci waɗanda za a iya hana su ko kuma a iya magance su ta hanyar hanyoyin da ake da su. [2] ] Cututtukan talauci galibi suna da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna ko'ina tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [3] Talauci yana ƙara damar kamuwa da waɗannan cututtuka yayin da rashin matsuguni, ruwan sha mai kyau, abinci mai gina jiki, tsafta, da samun ayyukan kiwon lafiya ke ba da gudummawa ga rashin kyawun ɗabi'un lafiya. A lokaci guda, waɗannan cututtuka suna aiki a matsayin shinge ga ci gaban tattalin arziki ga mutanen da abin ya shafa da iyalai da ke kula da su wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙaruwar talauci a cikin al'umma. [4] Waɗannan cututtukan da talauci ke haifarwa a wani ɓangare suna bambanta da cututtukan wadata, waɗanda cututtuka ne da ake tunanin su ne sakamakon ƙaruwar arziki a cikin al'umma. [5]

Talauci da cututtuka masu yaduwa suna da alaƙa da dalilai. Ko kafin lokacin allurar rigakafi da maganin rigakafi, kafin 1796, ana iya hasashen cewa, shugabanni suna samun kariya sosai a cikin gidajen su da abinci mai kyau da wurin zama na yau da kullun, akasin haka, yawancin mutane suna zaune a cikin gidaje marasa tsafta; suna zama tare da dabbobin su. [6] [7] [8] A wannan lokacin mutane suna mutuwa ba da sani ba daga cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin wani yanayi da; sun taɓa dabbobinsu marasa lafiya, suna da raunuka a fatar jikinsu, sun sha wani abu da ba a dafa ba ko kuma sun ci abincin da ƙwayoyin cuta suka gurɓata. Don ƙara ta'azzara lamarin, annoba da aka sani da annoba za ta bayyana ta kuma shafe dukkan al'umma. A wannan lokacin, mutane ba su da masaniya game da cututtuka masu yaduwa da abubuwan da ke haifar da su. Bayan an yi hasashe cewa rundunar ƙananan halittu masu rai da ba a iya gani ba ce ke haifar da cututtukansu, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ya ƙirƙiri na'urar hangen nesa ta farko da ta tabbatar da wanzuwar ƙananan halittu masu rai waɗanda ba za a iya gani da ido tsirara ba (kusan ƙarni na 17). [9] [10]

An yarda da ƙwayar cutar HIV (HIV), zazzabin cizon sauro, da tarin fuka (TB), waɗanda aka fi sani da "manyan uku", a matsayin cututtuka masu yaɗuwa waɗanda ke shafar ƙasashe masu tasowa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. [1] HIV cuta ce ta kwayar cuta da ake iya yadawa ta hanyar jima'i, ta hanyar ƙarin jini, allurar da aka raba da kuma lokacin haihuwa daga uwa zuwa jariri. Saboda tsawon lokacin da take ɓoye, akwai haɗarin yaɗuwa ba tare da an yi wani abu ba. [11] Yana shafar jikin ɗan adam ta hanyar kai hari ga ƙwayoyin T, waɗanda ke da alhakin kariya daga cututtuka da ba a saba gani ba da kuma ciwon daji. Ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar magunguna masu tsawaita rayuwa da aka sani da magungunan hana kamuwa da cuta (ARVs). Robert Koch ne ya gano tarin fuka a 1882. [12] [13] Yana da alaƙa da zazzabi, rage nauyi, rashin cin abinci mai kyau da gumi na dare. Tsawon shekaru, an sami ci gaba a mace-mace da rashin lafiya da tarin fuka ke haifarwa. An danganta wannan ci gaba da gabatar da allurar rigakafin tarin fuka a 1906. Duk da haka, kowace shekara yawancin waɗanda cutar tarin fuka ke kamuwa da su matalauta ne. [14] [15] A ƙarshe, zazzabin cizon sauro ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin duniya. Yanzu ya takaita ga yankuna masu tasowa da dumi; Afirka, Asiya, da Kudancin Amurka. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa

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Yaɗuwar munanan abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka a muhalli da zamantakewa sun fi yawa a tsakanin mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin talauci. [16] Waɗannan al'ummomi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da mummunan sakamako na lafiya, musamman tare da cututtuka masu yaduwa da cututtuka marasa yaduwa.

Ayyukan jiki

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Motsa jiki abu ne mai kariya daga cututtuka masu tsanani kamar ciwon suga na nau'in 2, hawan jini, da cututtukan zuciya. [17] Rashin motsa jiki yana da alaƙa da yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, tare da yawaitar salon rayuwa mai zaman kansa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin da ba su da wadata. [18] Akwai dalilai da dama da ke haifar da cikas ga motsa jiki tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin.

A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi a Amurka, akwai raguwar damar shiga muhallin da ke haɓaka motsa jiki, gami da wuraren shakatawa, wuraren nishaɗi, da wuraren motsa jiki. [19] Kimanin gidaje ɗaya cikin biyar ne kawai a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi ke da wuraren shakatawa a cikin nisan rabin mil, kuma kusan adadi ɗaya ne ke da cibiyar motsa jiki ko nishaɗi a cikin wannan nisan. [20] Faɗaɗa wadatar muhallin gida wanda ke ba da damar motsa jiki yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar motsa jiki da raguwar mutanen da ke da matsakaicin kiba. [19]

Bugu da ƙari, damuwar unguwannin da ba su da aminci a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi na iya haifar da raguwar motsa jiki ga manya da yara. [18] [21] Yara daga iyalai masu ƙarancin kuɗi sun fi shiga ayyukan motsa jiki a cikin gida saboda ƙalubalen samun kulawar manya game da wasan waje da damuwar iyaye game da koke-koken hayaniya. [18] Ɗaya cikin yara uku yana motsa jiki a kowace rana, kuma yara suna ɓatar da sa'o'i bakwai ko fiye a rana a gaban allo ko dai kwamfuta, TV, ko wasannin bidiyo. [20] Yara da manya waɗanda ba sa motsa jiki sau da yawa suna rage ingancin rayuwarsu, wanda zai yi tasiri a kansu yayin da suke tsufa. [22]

Lafiyar kwakwalwa

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Lafiyar kwakwalwa "yanayi ne na nasarar aikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da ayyuka masu amfani, gamsuwa da dangantaka da wasu mutane, da kuma ikon daidaitawa da canji da kuma jure wa wahala". [23] Talauci yana da tasiri sosai ga lafiyar kwakwalwar mutum . A cewar Alyssa Brown ta Washington DC Gallup, kashi 31% na mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin talauci sun ba da rahoton cewa a wani lokaci an gano suna da baƙin ciki idan aka kwatanta da kashi 15.8% na waɗanda ba sa cikin talauci. [24] Akwai shaida cewa ƙarancin kuɗi ko asarar kuɗi yana da alaƙa da tabarbarewar lafiyar kwakwalwa yayin da wadata da samun kuɗi suna da alaƙa da inganta lafiyar kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin talauci suna fuskantar gurɓataccen iska, matsanancin zafi, da tashin hankali, waɗanda duk suna da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar kwakwalwa. [25] Waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da damuwa na yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da yawan matakan cortisol . Yawan cortisol yana da alaƙa da mummunan sakamako na lafiya, kamar hawan jini, ciwon suga, osteoporosis, da ƙaruwar haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. [26]

Babu tabbas ko talauci yana haifar da baƙin ciki ko baƙin ciki yana haifar da talauci. Abin da ya tabbata shi ne cewa su biyun suna da alaƙa sosai. [27] Dalilin wannan haɗin gwiwa na iya zama saboda rashin ƙungiyoyin tallafi kamar cibiyoyin al'umma. Warewa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin baƙin ciki. Sakamakon wani bincike na rukuni na kimanin tsofaffi 2,000 masu shekaru 65 zuwa sama daga New Haven Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Tsofaffi ya gano cewa hulɗar zamantakewa tana da alaƙa da ƙananan maki na baƙin ciki bayan daidaitawa ga halaye daban-daban na alƙaluma, motsa jiki da matsayin aiki. [23]

Gurɓataccen ruwa

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Kowace shekara yara da manya da yawa suna mutuwa sakamakon rashin samun ruwan sha mai tsafta da rashin tsaftar muhalli, wanda ke ba da damar yaɗuwar cututtuka masu alaƙa da talauci. Ruwan da ya gurɓata yana ba da damar yaɗuwar cututtuka daban-daban da ke yaɗuwa a cikin ruwa, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta ( E. coli, cholera ), ƙwayoyin cuta ( hepatitis A, norovirus ), da protozoa ( schistosomiasis ). [28] [29] A cewar UNICEF, yara 3,000 suna mutuwa kowace rana, a duk duniya saboda gurɓataccen ruwan sha da rashin tsaftar muhalli.

Duk da cewa an cimma burin ci gaban karni na (MDG) na rage yawan mutanen da ba su da damar samun ruwa mai tsafta nan da shekarar 2015 shekaru biyar kafin lokacin da aka tsara a shekarar 2010, har yanzu akwai mutane miliyan 783 da suka dogara da hanyoyin ruwa marasa inganci. A shekarar 2010 Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana samun ruwa mai tsafta a matsayin babban hakki na dan adam, wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci ga cimma wasu hakkoki. Wannan ya sa ya zama dole a aiwatar da shi kuma ya dace a ba gwamnatoci damar tabbatar da cewa al'ummarsu suna samun ruwa mai tsafta. [30] An yi kokari wajen inganta ingancin ruwa ta amfani da sabuwar fasaha, wadda ke ba da damar kashe kwayoyin cuta nan da nan bayan an tattara su da kuma lokacin ajiyar su. Ruwa mai tsafta yana da mahimmanci don girki, tsaftacewa, da wanki saboda mutane da yawa suna fuskantar kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar abincinsu, ko kuma yayin wanka ko wanke-wanke. [31]

Duk da cewa samun ruwa ya inganta ga wasu, har yanzu yana da matuƙar wahala ga mata da yara domin suna ɗaukar mafi yawan nauyin samun ruwa da kuma samar da shi ga iyalansu. A Indiya, Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara, da kuma wasu sassan Latin Amurka, ana buƙatar mata su yi tafiya mai nisa domin samun ruwa mai tsafta sannan su kawo ruwa gida. Wannan yana da tasiri sosai ga nasarar karatun 'yan mata. [30] [32]

Ana ci gaba da samun matsalar gurɓataccen ruwa a Amurka a Flint, Michigan tun daga shekarar 2014. Matsalar gurɓataccen ruwa ta fara ne bayan an canza tushen ruwan sha daga Tafkin Huron zuwa Kogin Flint, wanda ya haifar da tsatsagewar bututun samar da ruwa da gubar da ke shiga cikin ruwan birnin. [33] Fuskantar gubar tana da matsaloli masu tsanani a fannin lafiya ga 'yan tayi, yara, da manya. Yara musamman suna fuskantar ƙarancin gubar, kuma suna iya nuna canje-canje a halaye, matsalolin ji, da sauran illolin ji sakamakon shan gubar. [34]

Gurɓatar iska

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Bincike ya nuna cewa akwai alaƙa tsakanin ƙarancin yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma yawan gurɓatar iska. [35] Wannan alaƙar ta bayyana musamman a Arewacin Amurka, New Zealand, Asiya, da Afirka. Fuskantar gubar muhalli, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta na yanayi (ko gurɓatar iska), an danganta ta da ci gaban cututtuka kamar ciwon daji, lalacewar garkuwar jiki, da kuma matsalar haihuwa. [36]

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, mutane biliyan 2.4 ne ke fuskantar gurɓataccen iska a gidaje ta hanyar amfani da girki a bude da kuma murhu marasa inganci. [37] Wannan ya haifar da mutuwar mutane miliyan 3.2 a kowace shekara a shekarar 2020 da kuma adadi mai yawa na kamuwa da bugun jini, cututtukan zuciya, da kuma ciwon huhu. [37] Fuskantar gurɓataccen iska a gidaje ya zama ruwan dare musamman a yankunan da ba su da wadataccen arziki, wanda ke haifar da yawan cututtukan da suka shafi gurɓataccen iska a wuraren da ake ganin "masu talauci ne." Mata da yara, musamman waɗanda ke ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan gida a yankunan da ba su da wadataccen arziki, suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin gurɓataccen iska a gidaje saboda su ne suka fi fuskantar gurɓataccen iska saboda su ne suka fi fuskantar girki, ƙonawa, da sauran gurɓataccen gida da ke haifar da ayyukan gida. [38]

Ilimi

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Talauci yana shafar ilimi, wanda aka sani da gibin cimma burin samun kuɗi. Wannan gibin ya nuna cewa yaran da ke rayuwa cikin talauci ko kuma waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kuɗi ba su da yuwuwar samun ci gaban fahimta da matakin karatu da wuri kamar waɗanda ba su da shi. [39] Adadin kuɗin shiga yana shafar adadin ƙarin kuɗin da iyali ke kashewa kan ƙarin shirye-shiryen ilimi; gami da sansanonin bazara da taimakon waje. Baya ga kuɗi, gubar muhalli, gami da gubar da damuwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki na iya rage ci gaban fahimta. [39] A cikin ilimin da ya gabata, mutanen da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi ko waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin talauci sun fi fuskantar yuwuwar daina makaranta ko kuma su sami takardar shaidar sakandare kawai. [40] Rashin cimma manyan matakan ilimi yana da alaƙa da zagayowar talauci wanda zai iya ci gaba har tsawon tsararraki a cikin iyali ɗaya har ma a cikin al'umma. [40] Nazarin ya danganta manya da ke da ƙarancin nasara a ilimi da mummunan lafiyar gabaɗaya da ƙaruwar yanayi da nakasa na yau da kullun. [41] Waɗannan mutane sun fi fuskantar halayen da ke ƙara ta'azzara lafiya, kamar hayaki, cin abinci mara kyau, kuma ba sa yin motsa jiki. [41] Nasarar ilimi mai zurfi tana da alaƙa da ƙarin damar samun ayyukan yi masu aminci, wanda ke ba mutane damar samar da wadata da za a iya amfani da ita don inganta abubuwan da ke shafar sakamakon lafiya. [41]

Tsafta da tsafta

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Rashin isasshen tsaftar muhalli yana haifar da mutuwar kimanin mutane 432,000 a LMIC kowace shekara. [42] Rashin tsaftar muhalli na iya haifar da cututtukan gudawa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani. [42] A duniya, mutane biliyan 2.3 ba su da damar samun ayyukan tsaftar muhalli na yau da kullun, waɗanda suka haɗa da samun damar zuwa wuraren da ba a raba su ba don zubar da sharar ɗan adam da ayyukan kula da sharar gida. [43] Waɗannan rashin daidaito a cikin hanyoyin shiga suna haifar da yin bayan gida a buɗe da kuma ruwan sharar gida da ba a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata ba wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da abinci. Kasashen da ake ganin yin bayan gida a buɗe suna da mafi girman talauci, mummunan sakamako na lafiya, da kuma mutuwa ga yara saboda cutar gudawa. [42]

Bugu da ƙari, mutum ɗaya cikin huɗu ba shi da damar zuwa wurin wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa, wanda hakan ke ba da damar yaɗuwar cututtukan numfashi da gudawa. A shekarar 2016, rashin wanke hannu ya haifar da mutuwar numfashi 370,000 da kuma mutuwar gudawa 165,000. [43] Cututtukan gudawa ba wai kawai suna taimakawa ga raguwar lafiyar mutum ba, har ma da ƙaruwar talauci. Cututtuka irin wannan suna haifar da rashin iya zuwa makaranta da aiki, don haka suna raguwar kuɗin shiga kai tsaye da kuma ci gaban ilimi. [42] Matsalar rashin tsafta tana da tsari iri ɗaya - kamar yadda talauci ke haifar da ita, haka nan kuma tana ƙara ta'azzara talauci.

Rashin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki

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Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana shafar waɗanda ke yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Sama da kashi 35 cikin 100 na yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 5 a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara suna nuna alamun rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [44] Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, tsarin garkuwar jiki, da cututtuka masu yaɗuwa suna aiki ta hanyar zagaye: cututtuka masu yaɗuwa suna da mummunan tasiri akan matsayin abinci mai gina jiki, kuma ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki na iya rage ƙarfin tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ke shafar ikon jiki na tsayayya da cututtuka. [44] Hakazalika, rashin abinci mai gina jiki na macronutrients (kamar furotin da kuzari ) da micronutrients (kamar ƙarfe, zinc, da bitamin ) suna ƙara saurin kamuwa da cututtukan HIV ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da tsarin garkuwar jiki da haɓaka kwaikwayon ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɗarin kamuwa da cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa jariri da kuma waɗanda ke ta hanyar jima'i. [45] Ƙara yawan kamuwa da cutar daga uwa zuwa jariri yana da alaƙa da takamaiman ƙarancin sinadarai masu gina jiki kamar bitamin A. [46] [47] Bugu da ƙari, rashin jini, raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja, yana ƙara zubar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanyar haihuwa, wanda kuma yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar daga uwa zuwa jariri. [48] Ba tare da waɗannan muhimman abubuwan gina jiki ba, jiki ba shi da hanyoyin kariya don tsayayya da cututtuka. [44] A lokaci guda kuma, HIV yana rage ikon jiki na shan muhimman abubuwan gina jiki. Kamuwa da cutar HIV na iya shafar samar da hormones waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga metabolism na carbohydrates, sunadarai, da mai. [44]

Mummunan yanayin gidaje

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Iyalai da ke rayuwa cikin talauci galibi suna fama ba kawai da matsalolin gidaje ba, har ma da matsalolin tsaron unguwa da kuma araha. [49] Guje wa matsalolin tsaron unguwa sau da yawa yana nufin zama a gida wanda ke rage damar yin motsa jiki a waje da gida wanda ke ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin lafiya saboda rashin motsa jiki. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ] Zama a gida na iya nufin fuskantar gubar, mold da beraye a cikin gidan wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin haɗarin rashin lafiya saboda waɗannan matsalolin rashin isasshen gidaje. [49]

Rashin samun damar ayyukan kiwon lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar rahoton dabarun kiwon lafiya na WHO, kusan kashi 30% na al'ummar duniya ba sa samun magunguna akai-akai. A yankunan da suka fi talauci a Afirka da Asiya, wannan kashi ya kai kashi 50%. Al'ummar da ke ƙasa da layin talauci ba sa samun magunguna saboda hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma rashin samun magunguna. Karin farashi na iya faruwa ne saboda hauhawar farashin masana'antu ko kuma saboda harajin gida ko na yanki da kuma harajin ƙara darajar kayayyaki. Akwai babban bambanci a binciken da aka gudanar a fannin kiwon lafiya. Ana da'awar cewa kashi 10% ne kawai na binciken lafiya da aka gudanar a duniya ya mayar da hankali kan kashi 90% na nauyin cututtuka. Duk da haka, cututtuka kamar ciwon daji, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da sauransu waɗanda a da ake dangantawa da al'ummar masu arziki yanzu suna ƙara zama ruwan dare a cikin al'ummomin da ke fama da talauci. Saboda haka, binciken da aka gudanar yanzu yana da alaƙa da talakawa. [50] Fifikon siyasa shi ma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin samun magunguna. Gwamnatin ƙasashe matalauta na iya ware ƙarancin kuɗi ga lafiyar jama'a saboda ƙarancin albarkatu.

Bayan farashin magunguna, matsalolin tsarin da ke tattare da samun damar kula da lafiya suna taimakawa wajen haifar da rashin daidaito a fannin maganin cututtuka da rigakafi. Binciken aiwatarwa ya nuna cewa dabaru kamar asibitoci masu motsi, ma'aikatan lafiya na al'umma, da kuma maganin telemedicine sun faɗaɗa tsarin kula da lafiya a yankunan da ba a kula da su sosai ba. [51] Ba tare da waɗannan hanyoyin ba, cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da talauci za su ci gaba da yin tasiri ga jama'a masu ƙarancin kuɗi ba daidai ba.

Zagayen talauci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Zagayen talauci shine tsarin da iyalai da suka riga suka shiga cikin talauci za su iya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin waɗannan yanayi sai dai idan akwai wani irin shiga tsakani. Wannan zagayen talauci yana da tasiri ga nau'ikan cututtukan da waɗannan mutane ke fuskanta, kuma sau da yawa ana yada su ta hanyar tsararraki. Cututtukan tabin hankali suna da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da ake tattaunawa kan zagayen talauci, saboda waɗannan cututtukan tabin hankali suna hana mutane samun aikin yi mai riba. [52] Damuwa game da rayuwa cikin talauci na iya ƙara ta'azzara cututtukan tabin hankali. [52]

Wannan zagayen talauci yana kuma shafar cututtukan iyali da ake yadawa a kowace tsara. [53] Ta hanyar fuskantar irin wannan yanayi mai wahala tsawon shekaru da dama, mutane suna kara saurin kamuwa da cututtuka kamar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kiba, ciwon suga, da cututtukan kwakwalwa, gami da schizophrenia da bipolar disorder .

Bambancin lafiya yana taimakawa sosai wajen haifar da talauci. Cututtuka masu tsanani kamar ciwon suga da hawan jini suna rage ikon mutum na yin aiki, wanda hakan ke ƙara tsananta wahalhalun tattalin arziki. Bincike ya nuna cewa yara a cikin iyalai masu ƙarancin kuɗi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya na dogon lokaci na fahimta da na jiki. [54] Magance waɗannan bambance-bambancen lafiya yana buƙatar manufofi waɗanda suka haɗa da tsarin kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da tallafin tattalin arziki.

Cututtuka masu yaduwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tare, cututtukan talauci suna kashe kimanin mutane miliyan 14 a kowace shekara. [55] Ciwon ciki tare da gudawa mai alaƙa yana haifar da kusan 1.8 yara miliyan daya ne ke mutuwa kowace shekara, mafi yawancinsu kuma suna cikin ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya. [56]

A matakin duniya, manyan PRD guda uku sune tarin fuka, AIDS/HIV da kuma zazzabin cizon sauro. Kasashe masu tasowa suna da kashi 95% na yawan kamuwa da cutar AIDS a duniya da kuma kashi 98% na kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka. [55] Bugu da ƙari, kashi 90% na mace-macen zazzabin cizon sauro suna faruwa ne a ƙasashen Afirka. Tare, waɗannan cututtuka uku suna da kashi 10% na mace-macen duniya. [57]

Duk da cewa cututtuka masu yaduwa kamar HIV, tarin fuka, da malaria sun kasance manyan barazana ga lafiya, ba su ne kawai manyan matsalolin lafiya ga talakawa ba. Bincike ya nuna cewa cututtuka na yau da kullun suna ƙara zama ruwan dare a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi saboda canjin salon rayuwa da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli. [58] Faɗaɗa hanyoyin kula da lafiya don magance cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa da waɗanda ba sa yaɗuwa na iya samar da cikakkiyar hanyar rage nauyin cututtuka a duniya.

Cututtukan yara da za a iya magancewa su ne wani rukuni da ke da yawan mace-mace a ƙasashe matalauta duk da kasancewar maganin da aka yi tsawon shekaru da dama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kyanda, pertussis da polio . [50] Manyan cututtukan PRD guda uku - AIDS, malaria, da tarin fuka - sun kai kashi 18% na cututtuka a ƙasashe matalauta. [50] Nauyin cututtukan yara da za a iya magancewa a ƙasashe matalauta masu yawan mace-mace shine kashi 5.2% idan aka kwatanta da shekarun rayuwa da aka daidaita da nakasa amma kashi 0.2% ne kawai a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. [50]

Bugu da ƙari, mace-macen jarirai da mace-macen mata masu juna biyu sun fi yawa a tsakanin talakawa. Misali, kashi 98% na mace-macen mata masu juna biyu da jarirai 11,600 a kowace rana suna faruwa ne a ƙasashe masu tasowa . [59]

Wasu cututtuka guda uku, kyanda, ciwon huhu, da gudawa, suma suna da alaƙa da talauci, kuma galibi ana haɗa su da cutar kanjamau, zazzabin cizon sauro, da tarin fuka a cikin fassarori da tattaunawa kan cututtukan talauci.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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  2. ↑ World Health organization(WHO). "World Health Report, 2002". Archived from the original on December 2, 2002. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  3. ↑ Singh A. R., Singh S. A. (2008). "Diseases of Poverty and Lifestyle, Well-Being and Human Development". Mens Sana Monographs. 6 (1): 187–225. doi:10.4103/0973-1229.40567 (inactive July 1, 2025). PMC 3190550. PMID 22013359.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of ga Yuli, 2025 (link)
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  52. 1 2 Anakwenze, U.; Zuberi, D. (1 August 2013). "Mental Health and Poverty in the Inner City". Health & Social Work. 38 (3): 147–157. doi:10.1093/hsw/hlt013. PMID 24437020.
  53. ↑ Gentry, Maria (2015). "Poverty Re-Cycles: Why America Needs to Prioritize Child Health Disparities". Lucerna. 10: 82–94. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  54. ↑ Pullar, Jessie; Allen, Luke; Townsend, Nick; Williams, Julianne; Foster, Charlie; Roberts, Nia; Rayner, Mike; Mikkelsen, Bente; Branca, Francesco; Wickramasinghe, Kremlin (2018). "The impact of poverty reduction and development interventions on non-communicable diseases and their behavioural risk factors in low and lower-middle income countries: A systematic review". PLOS ONE. 13 (2). Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1393378P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193378. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5825092. PMID 29474454.
  55. 1 2 "RESULTS: World Health/Diseases of Poverty". 2009-07-03. Archived from the original on 2009-07-03. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  56. ↑ (Raphael ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)[page needed]
  57. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "wpro.who.int".
  58. ↑ "Poverty Increases Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases in Lower Income Countries | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health". publichealth.jhu.edu (in Turanci). 2018-04-05. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
  59. ↑ "Ensuring skilled care for every birth" (PDF). World Health Organization.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cututtukan_talauci&oldid=874584"