D. A. Thomas

David Alfred Thomas, 1st Viscount Rhondda, PC (26 Maris 1856 - 3 Yuli 1918), ɗan ƙasar Wales ne mai masana'antu kuma ɗan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi . Ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Merthyr Tydfil daga 1888 har zuwa babban zaɓen Janairu 1910, sannan ya zama ɗan majalisar Cardiff har zuwa babban zaɓen Disamba 1910, lokacin da ya bar siyasa don mai da hankali kan harkokin kasuwancinsa. An naɗa shi memba na Majalisar Privy a 1916. Daga baya ya riƙe muƙami, musamman a matsayin " Mai Kula da Abinci " a gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa ta Lloyd George a lokacin yaƙi.

Rayuwar farko

Ɗan mai ma'adinan kwal Samuel Thomas na Ysguborwen, David Thomas, ɗan masana'antu ne na ƙarni na biyu. Ƙarfinsa da ƙwarewarsa ga ƙirƙira sun sa ya gina daular kasuwanci mafi girma fiye da ta mahaifinsa. Samuel, mutumin da ba a san shi da halin fara'a ba, an ce ya yi magana a ranar da aka haifi ɗansa (a lokacin tsawa), "To, ban ga komai a gare shi ba sai gidan aiki ." ^:4

Duk da cewa al'ada ta ambaci wurin haihuwar DA Thomas a matsayin tsohon gida mai farin bango a Aberdare, wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ganin cewa an kammala ginin gidan dangin, Ysguborwen (wanda shi ma yake a Aberdare), a shekarar 1855. An gina wannan gidan a matsayin wurin zama mai dacewa ga wani ɗan kasuwa mai tasowa a masana'antu, kuma ya sanya kalaman Samuel Thomas cikin bakin ciki. Samuel Thomas yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara harkar kasuwancin kwal a Welsh .

Samuel Thomas mutum ne mai taurin kai, wataƙila sirrin nasarar kasuwancinsa, kuma abubuwan da yake so suna da sauƙi. Bai taɓa mantawa da wahalhalun da ya sha, kuma kamar yadda ambaton da ke sama ya nuna, bai iya kawar da tsoron gazawa ba. Ɗan Baptist na Welsh, yana kula da gidansa bisa ga " ƙa'idar aiki ta Furotesta ". Wannan da alama shine sakamakonsa, domin Samuel ya sami mukamin ɗan sanda na Merthyr, a lokacin birni mafi wahala a Wales.

An bayyana mahaifiyar DA Thomas, Rachel, a matsayin wacce ta bambanta da Samuel mai ƙwazo, mai hankali koyaushe. Ta ba wa Dauda matashi ƙaunar da yake buƙata, tana kula da ɓangaren da ya fi muhimmanci da 'yar DA Thomas, Margaret, za ta kula da shi.

Gidan iyali, Ysguborwen, da alama gidan Welsh ne na yau da kullun. Da farko, ana yin amfani da harshen Welsh ne kawai a can. Bayan haka, yaren iyayen David ne duka. Duk da haka, Mrs. Thomas, kamar yawancin iyayen Welsh a baya da kuma tun daga lokacin, ta fahimci cewa harshen duniyar kasuwanci Turanci ne, ta ɗauki ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Ingilishi don ta sa 'ya'yanta su saba da yin Turanci. A shekara ta 1859, iyalin suka ƙaura daga Calfaria Welsh Baptist Chapel zuwa Carmel, English Baptist Chapel a akasin haka. Turanci ya zama harshen kwaruruka, kuma harshen girmamawa. Saboda haka, Thomases masu motsi za su zama Anglo-Welsh.

Tarbiyar DA Thomas ta kasance mai tsauri kuma ta Victorian, tana koya masa tarbiyya, ta hanyar soyayya. Wannan tarbiyya ta ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Thomas, a kasuwanci da siyasa. A ƙarshen rayuwar Thomas, William Brace, shugaban ƙungiyar kwadago ya yi tsokaci cewa "Rhondda tana da kuɗin shiga kamar Duke kuma tana da ɗanɗanon ɗan kasuwa."

Thomas ya yi karatu a Manila Hall, Clifton, Bristol, kafin ya tafi Jami'ar Cambridge Da farko, Thomas ya je Kwalejin Jesus ne bisa tallafin karatu da aka yi niyya ga 'ya'yan Ministocin Anglican . Tunda Samuel Thomas ba Anglican ba ne kuma ba minista ba ne, zai zama abin sha'awa a san ainihin yadda DA Thomas ya sami irin wannan tallafin karatu. Cutar zazzabin Typhoid, wadda ta kamu a Clermont-Ferrand, ta sa Thomas bai iya ɗaukar tallafin karatu ba. Kamar yadda yake, Thomas ya sami tallafin karatu zuwa Kwalejin Gonville da Caius, Cambridge, inda ya yi karatun lissafi, kuma da ya gama shekararsa ta ƙarshe, idan ba don lafiyarsa ba. Duk da haka, Thomas yana cikin ƙungiyoyin kwale-kwale da dambe na Jami'ar. Thomas ya bar Cambridge a 1880, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa.

Rayuwa ta sirri

A zamanin addini, DA Thomas ba shi da yawa, mutumin da ba shi da sha'awar addini. Duk da haka, Thomas bai bayyana a matsayin wanda bai yarda da addini ba, amma ya ga cewa addinin da ya nuna rayuwar Wales a wancan lokacin abin ƙyama ne. Duk da cewa ya girma a Baptist (kuma daga baya ya zama Congregationalist ), an karɓe shi a Cocin Anglican bayan aurensa da Sybil Margaret Haig a 1882 kuma an yi masa baftisma a Cocin St. Andrew, kusa da Barry . An yi bikin auren a cikin ɗakin wasan biliyard a gidan iyayenta. An haifi 'ya mace, Margaret, a 1883, ita ce kawai matsalar da ma'auratan suka fuskanta.

Wataƙila rabuwar Thomas da addinin da aka tsara ta faru ne saboda takaddamar addini ta zamanin, ko kuma yadda mahaifinsa ya sami damar raba kansa da addinin da aka tsara. Bayan ya koma Cocin Baptist na Carmel, Samuel Thomas ya shiga cikin takaddama da Rev. Thomas Price, minista na biyu. Wannan ya bayyana ba wai kawai ya shafi mutane ba ne, domin Samuel ya goyi bayan wanda ya gabaci mutumin, kuma ƙaura zuwa cocin Tabernacle English Congregational ya ƙare haka nan, lokacin da aka maye gurbin ministan. Samuel Thomas ya ɗauki nauyin raba iyalinsa da cocin da kuma gudanar da ibada a gida. Irin wannan ƙiyayya ba za ta iya sa addinin da aka tsara ya zama abin so ga saurayin Dauda ba.

Grigg ya bayyana tarbiyyar Thomas a matsayin 'Mai Tsanani na Ƙungiya, duk da haka ba a yi wa DA Thomas baftisma ba tun yana jariri, wanda ke nuna cewa Samuel Thomas bai taɓa yin watsi da ra'ayinsa na Baptist ba. A matsayinsa na ɗalibi a Bristol, DA Thomas ya halarci Highbury Congregational Chapel, Clifton, inda kawunsa, David Thomas, yake hidima.