Dabbobi masu ciyarwa

Dabbobi masu ciyarwa
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Saniya

Kyakkyawan shanu da alfalfa a cikin kwarin Pecos, New Mexico (watakila farkon karni na 20)

"Kyakkyawan shanu" (watakila ƙarshen karni na 19)

Babban Champion ya yi sarauta a 13th shekara-shekara Fat Cattle Sale and Show a Quincy, Florida, 1959

Foxhole Martha; 2005 Royal Cornwall Female Breed Champion

Karnuka masu ciyarwa, a wasu ƙasashe ko yankuna da ake kira shanu na ajiya, ƙananan shanu ne da suka isa ko dai su asali mafita ko kuma su zama masu kitse don shirye-shiryen yanka. Za su iya zama steers (maza da aka yi wa castrated) ko sauro (mata waɗanda ba su zubar da maraƙi ba). Kalmar sau da yawa tana nuna niyyar siyarwa ga wasu masu mallakar don fattening (ƙarewa). Backgrounding yana faruwa a ayyukan backgrounding, kuma fattening yana faruwa ne a wani feedlot. Jarirai masu ciyarwa ba su kai shekara 1 ba; jarirai masu ciyar da shekara suna tsakanin shekara 1 zuwa 2. Dukkanin nau'ikan biyu galibi ana samar da su a cikin aikin saniya. Bayan samun nauyin da ake so, shanu masu ciyarwa sun zama shanu da aka gama waɗanda ake siyarwa ga mai shirya kaya (kayan da aka gama ana kiransu shanu masu kitse, shanu masu kitsen, shanu masu cin Abinci, ko, idan aka kwatanta da gawawwakin, shanu masu rai). Masu shirya kayan kwalliya suna yanka shanu kuma suna sayar da nama a cikin akwatin gawa.

Gidajen ciyarwa da ke samar da shanu masu rai don yanka yawanci za su sayi shanu masu ciyarwa 500-850 fam (230-390 da abinci don shuka dabbobin zuwa 850-1,400 fam (390-640 shanu. Ayyukan baya-bayan nan za su sayi shanu na 300-600 fam (140-270 da ke ciyar da shanu da abinci don shuka dabbobi zuwa 650-875 fam (295-397 dabbobin baya. Kayan da ke samun nauyin 650-700 fam (290-320 sun dace da siyarwa ga ayyukan ciyar da ciyawa, yayin da waɗanda suka sami nauyin 800-825 fam (363-374 sun cancanci siyarwa zuwa masu aiki. Masu sayen shanu masu ciyarwa suna neman matsakaicin riba (a cikin nauyi) da ƙananan rabo na abinci da riba. Dangane da yanayi, masu sayen shanu daban-daban za su nemi nau'o'i daban-daban na nauyin dabbobi da matsayi.

Masu samar da shanu da ayyukan da ke tattare da su suna daidaita farashin shanu, ma'auni, lokacin da aka ɗauka don kitse, yawan mutuwar, da sauran abubuwan da ke ciyar da shanu game da farashin abinci, farashin shanu masu rai, da sauran hanyoyin aiki don samun riba daga ayyukansu.

Matsayin shanu na Amurka

Amurka ta ba da darajar shanu masu ciyarwa waɗanda ba su kai shekaru 36 ba a kan dalilai uku: girman firam, kauri, da tsada.

• Girman firam yana kimanta tsawo da tsawon shanu kamar yadda aka ƙayyade ta girman kwarangwal dangane da shekarunsu; girman firam yana shafar girman dabbobi da nauyin da aka samu yayin da ake ciyar da su cikin shanu. Babban shanu mai ciyarwa na shekaru, tsiro, da kuma kauri da aka ba da shi zai sami karin tsoka da ƙashi, da ƙarancin kitse, fiye da ƙaramin dabba mai tsari tare da shekaru iri ɗaya, tsirowa, da kauri a cikin shekarun da aka ba shi. Dangane da maki na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) don gawawwakin shanu, a cikin nauyin da aka ba da kauri, manyan shanu da aka tsara (an ciyar da su daga manyan shanu masu ciyarwa) za su sami gawawwaki tare da maki mafi girma, amma ƙananan maki. Idan ana ciyar da shanu masu ciyarwa zuwa irin wannan inganci, Zaɓin (0.50 inci (13 kitse a haƙarƙari na goma sha biyu) misali, manyan shanu masu kauri da aka ba su dole ne a ciyar da su zuwa nauyin nauyi fiye da ƙananan shanu masu kaura iri ɗaya. Shekaru da jinsi suna canza ainihin girman da ke raba wannan darajar. Babban shanu masu ciyar da jiki suna da tsawo kuma suna da dogon jiki don shekarunsu da tsiro, kuma shanu da shanu na wannan tsari, duk abin da ya kasance, ba a sa ran samar da Zaɓin Amurka har sai an ciyar da su zuwa fam 1,250 (570 kg) da fam 1,150 (520 kg), bi da bi. Karnuka masu ciyar da matsakaici suna da ɗan tsayi kuma suna da ɗan tsawo don shekarunsu da tsiro, kuma shanu da shanu na wannan firam ɗin, duk abin da ya kasance, ba a sa ran su samar da Zaɓin Amurka har sai an ciyar da su zuwa fam 1,100 zuwa 1,250 (500 zuwa 570 kg) da 1,000 zuwa fam 1,150 (450 zuwa 520 kg), bi da bi. Ƙananan shanu masu ciyar da firam sun fi guntu kuma ba su da tsayi don shekarunsu da tsayi idan aka kwatanta da shanu masu ciyarwa na matsakaici, da shanu da shanu na wannan firam, duk abin da ya kasance na dindindin, ba a sa ran samar da Zaɓin Amurka har sai an ciyar da su zuwa fam 1100 da fam 1000, bi da bi.[1]
  • Babban shanu masu ciyar da jiki suna da tsawo kuma suna da dogon jiki don shekarunsu da tsiro, kuma shanu da shanu na wannan tsari, duk abin da ya kasance, ba a sa ran samar da Zaɓin Amurka har sai an ciyar da su zuwa fam 1,250 (570 da fam 1,150 (520 , bi da bi.
  • Karnuka masu ciyar da matsakaici suna da ɗan tsayi kuma suna da ɗan tsawo don shekarunsu da tsiro, kuma shanu da shanu na wannan firam ɗin, duk abin da ya kasance, ba a sa ran su samar da Zaɓin Amurka har sai an ciyar da su zuwa fam 1,100 zuwa 1,250 (500 zuwa 570 da 1,000 zuwa fam 1,150 (450 zuwa 520 , bi da bi.
  • Ƙananan shanu masu ciyar da firam sun fi guntu kuma ba su da tsayi don shekarunsu da tsayi idan aka kwatanta da shanu masu ciyarwa na matsakaici, da shanu da shanu na Ƙananan firam, duk abin da ya kasance na dindindin, ba a sa ran samar da Zaɓin Amurka har sai an ciyar da su zuwa fam 1100 da fam 1000, bi da bi.
• Kauri yana kimanta ci gaban tsokoki na shanu dangane da girman kwarangwal. Tsarin ƙashi, tsokoki, da kuma matakin kitse yana ƙayyade bambance-bambance a cikin kauri. Karnuka masu kauri suna da mafi girman rabo na tsoka zuwa ƙashi. Kauri yana shafar yawan amfanin dabbobi yayin da ake ciyar da su cikin shanu masu ciyarwa, kuma shanu masu ciyar da yawa na shekarun da aka ba su, jinsi, da girman firam za su samar da gawawwakin amfanin gona mafi girma, fiye da dabba mai kauri na wannan shekarun, jinsi, kuma girman firam a cikin shekarun da aka bayar. Idan ana ciyar da shanu masu ciyarwa zuwa irin wannan inganci, Zaɓin misali, dole 'Na 4' ciyar da shanu mai ciyarwa mai kauri da aka ba su zuwa nauyin nauyi fiye da shanu masu kauri iri ɗaya. Shekaru da jinsi suna canza ainihin girman da ke raba wannan darajar. Ana rarraba kauri No. 1 zuwa No. 4. No. 1 kauri shanu dole ne su kasance aƙalla matsakaici a ko'ina cikin jikinsu, cike a gaban hannu da gaskin, kuma suna nuna bayyanar zagaye ta baya da kuma loin tare da matsakaici tsakanin ƙafafunsu. A. 2. kauri shanu dole ne su kasance aƙalla dan kadan a cikin jikinsu, cike a gaban hannu da gaskin, kuma suna nuna bayyanar zagaye ta baya da kuma loin tare da ɗan faɗin tsakanin ƙafafunsu. No. 3 kauri shanu dole ne su kasance aƙalla m ta hanyar gaba da tsakiyar ɓangaren zagaye, gabansu da gaskin suna da m kuma baya da wuyan su da m bayyanar, kuma duka gaba da baya kafafu da kuma kusa da juna. No. 4 kauri shanu sun hada da duk wani shanu da ko da kasa kauri fiye da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu ga No. 3 shanu. No. 1 kauri shanu yawanci suna nuna mafi yawan kiwon shanu, No. 2 kauri shanu galibi suna nuna babban rabo na kiwon shanu da ƙananan kiwon madara, da sauransu tare da ƙananan kauri shanu.[1]
  • No. 1 kauri shanu dole ne su kasance aƙalla matsakaici a ko'ina cikin jikinsu, cike a gaban hannu da gaskin, kuma suna nuna bayyanar zagaye ta baya da kuma loin tare da matsakaici tsakanin ƙafafunsu.
  • A. 2. kauri shanu dole ne su kasance aƙalla dan kadan a cikin jikinsu, cike a gaban hannu da gaskin, kuma suna nuna bayyanar zagaye ta baya da kuma loin tare da ɗan faɗin tsakanin ƙafafunsu.
  • No. 3 kauri shanu dole ne su kasance aƙalla m ta hanyar gaba da tsakiyar ɓangaren zagaye, gabansu da gaskin suna da m kuma baya da wuyan su da m bayyanar, kuma duka gaba da baya kafafu da kuma kusa da juna.
  • No. 4 kauri shanu sun hada da duk wani shanu da ko da kasa kauri fiye da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu ga No. 3 shanu. No. 1 kauri shanu yawanci suna nuna mafi yawan kiwon shanu, No. 2 kauri shanu galibi suna nuna babban rabo na kiwon shanu da ƙananan kiwon madara, da sauransu tare da ƙananan kauri shanu.
• Tsaro yana kimanta lafiyar shanu gabaɗaya da kuma aikin da ake tsammani wajen samun nauyi don zama shanu mai ciyarwa. Babu wata jagora mai tsauri game da rarraba shanu masu tsada, maimakon shanu da ke da matsalolin kiwon lafiya ana rarraba su a matsayin marasa tsada kuma wasu shanu ana rarrabasu a matsayin masu tsada.

Abubuwa uku da ke sama da rukunin su sun haɗu don samar da maki na mutum. Misali, don shanu masu tsada, firam da kauri sun haɗu don samar da maki 12 daban-daban na shanu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi: No. 1; Babban Frame, No. 2; Babban Frame, Babu. 3; Babban Frame, Na 4; Matsakaicin Frame, No., No. 1; Matsakaicin frame, No. 3; Matsakaicin Framework, No. 4; Ƙananan Frame, No, No. 1; Ƙananan Frame. 2; Ƙananan Frame، No. 3; kuma a ƙarshe Ƙananan Frame

Abubuwan kasuwar kuɗi

Farashin biyan kuɗi don masu ciyarwa don karɓar matsakaicin dawowa don aiki, sama da riba tare da farashin da aka ɗauka don shanu masu kitse da abinci, tare da shirye-shiryen ciyarwa na yau da kullun; Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka

Yanayin kiwon lafiya, da alamun gani na kiwon lafiya. Ana sayar da shanu masu ciyarwa tare da gashi da laka sau da yawa a ragi, kuma waɗanda aka rarraba a matsayin "tsaki" ana sayar da su a ragi. Karnuka masu ciyarwa tare da wasu alamun jiki da za su nuna rashin lafiya an rage su sosai.

Babban rashin lafiya da aka gamu da shi a cikin shanu masu ciyarwa shine rashin lafiya na numfashi. Ragewa a kan shanu masu ciyar da marasa lafiya suna biyan bashin haɗarin mutuwarsu, da kuma raguwar aiki a cikin karuwar nauyi koda kuwa sun warke. Ana ba da shanu da ke kallon gani "mai laushi" ko "nama" gabaɗaya rangwamen ko kyaututtuka daban-daban daga rangwamen rashin lafiya, saboda waɗannan halaye na gani ba lallai ba ne su nuna rashin lafiya kuma suna iya zama masu fa'ida a wasu abubuwan ciyarwa.

Ana sayar da wasu shanu masu ciyarwa tare da wasu shirye-shiryen kula da kiwon lafiya da suka riga sun kasance. Wadannan shirye-shiryen na iya haɗawa da yayewa kwanaki 21 zuwa 45 kafin sayarwa, yin allurar rigakafi don cututtukan numfashi da narkewa, cirewa, dasa kayan haɓaka, kula da kwayar cuta ta waje da ta ciki, da kuma fara sauya shanu masu ciyarwa zuwa abinci na hatsi.

Girman kaya, ko yawan shanu masu ciyarwa don siyarwa a cikin rukuni, dangane da sufuri da ake samu, nauyi, da wurin siyarwa suna tasiri ga farashin shanu masu ciyar da yawa. Farashin kowane nauyi yana ƙaruwa tare da girman kuri'a kuma ya kai matsakaicin lokacin da girman kuriʼa ke kusa da girman nauyin motoci. Kamar yadda girman kuri'a ya wuce girman nauyin motoci, farashin ya ragu kuma a ƙarshe ya ragu. Wannan yana wakiltar ƙananan masu siye da kuma jigilar da ke akwai don manyan shanu masu ciyarwa.