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Dajin birni

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Dajin birni
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Ƙaramin ɓangare na daji

Dajin birni gandun daji ne, ko bishiyoyi, waɗanda ke girma a cikin birni, gari ko unguwa. A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, yana iya haɗawa da kowane irin tsire-tsire masu tsire-shuke da ke girma a ciki da kewayen mazaunan mutane.

Sabanin wurin shakatawa na gandun daji, wanda kuma an gaji tsarin halittu daga raguwar jeji, gandun daji na birane galibi ba su da abubuwan more rayuwa kamar gidan wanka na jama'a, hanyoyin da aka shimfiɗa, ko kuma wani lokacin iyakoki masu tsabta waɗanda ke da siffofi daban-daban na wuraren shakatawa. Kulawa da gudanar da gandun daji na birane ana kiransu gandun daji. dazuzzuka na birane na iya zama masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Wasu gandun daji na gari na iya kasancewa a waje da garin ko birni inda suke.

Misalan

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dajin Tijuca a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A kasashe da yawa akwai karuwar fahimtar muhimmancin yanayin muhalli a cikin gandun daji na birane. Akwai ayyuka da yawa da ke gudana da nufin maidowa da adana yanayin halittu, daga sauƙin kawar da rassan ganye da kawar da tsire-tsire masu mamayewa zuwa sake gabatar da nau'ikan asali da yanayin halittu na riparian.[1][2]

Wasu kafofin sun yi iƙirarin cewa mafi girman gandun daji na birane a duniya yana cikin Johannesburg a Afirka ta Kudu.[3][4] Birnin yana cikin highveld, wani ciyawa mai ciyawa yawanci ba shi da yawan itatuwa, duk da haka Johannesburg har yanzu birni ne mai itatuwa sosai tare da rahoton bishiyoyi miliyan 10 da aka gabatar da su kuma an kiyasta shi a matsayin birni tare da itace na takwas mafi girma a duniya.[5][6]

Cherry Blossoms da ke gefen Tidal Basin a Washington, DC

Rio de Janeiro kuma gida ce ga manyan gandun daji biyu a duniya, daya daga cikinsu wasu kafofin suna ɗaukar shi mafi girma.[7][8][9] Dajin Tijuca shine mafi shahara. Ya fara ne a matsayin manufofin sabuntawa a cikin 1844 don kiyaye ragowar halitta na gandun daji da sake dasa a yankunan da aka share a baya don sukari da kofi.[10] Duk da amincewar duniya game da gandun daji na Tijuca, wani gandun daji a cikin wannan birni ya ƙunshi kusan sau uku na girman maƙwabcinsa mafi girma: Pedra Branca State Park ya mamaye hekta 12,500 (acre 30,888) na ƙasar birni, a kan hekta 3,953 na Tijuga (acre 9,768). [7][11] Babban birni ya kewaye gandun daji wanda ke daidaita yanayin zafi kuma yana samar da hanyoyin nishaɗi ga mazaunan birane. Tare da wasu ƙananan ɗakunan kiyayewa guda bakwai a cikin birni, sun samar da wani yanki mai zurfi wanda ya ƙunshi Hanyar Transcarioca, hanyar ƙafa ta kilomita 180.[12]

Sanjay Gandhi National Park a Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indiya kuma misali ne na gandun daji na birni. Ya mamaye kusan kashi 20% na birnin. Dajin yana cike da dabbobi da yawa da ke yawo da yardar rai. Har ila yau, yana da wani muhimmin wurin al'adu na tarihin d ̄ a wanda aka sani da kogon Kanheri . Garin Nebraska shine mafi girman gandun daji da mutum ya yi a Amurka wanda ke cikin jihar Nebraska. Yana kwance a cikin yankuna da yawa a cikin jihar kuma sanannen wuri ne ga masu sansani a duk shekara.[13]

Biranen da yawa a cikin Amurka sun kuma dauki mataki na saka hannun jari a cikin gandun daji na birane don inganta jin daɗi da tattalin arzikin al'ummominsu.[14] Wasu sanannun biranen daga cikinsu sune Austin, Atlanta, Nashville, New York, Seattle, da Washington, DC New York, alal misali, ta dauki mataki don yaki da canjin yanayi ta hanyar dasa miliyoyin bishiyoyi a kusa da birnin.[15] A Austin, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna tallafawa kamfen ɗin dasa bishiyoyi don dalilai na muhalli da adana makamashi.

Nashville tana da wata kungiya da aka sani da Alliance to Conserve Nashville's Highland Rim Forest da ke aiki a matsayin mai haɓaka don tattara ayyukan daga ko'ina cikin masu zaman kansu da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Cumberland River Compact, Friends of Beaman Park, da kuma Majalisar Muhalli ta Tennessee.[16] Nashville ya ƙunshi mafi girman gandun daji a cikin iyakokin birni na kowane birni a duniya tare da yawan jama'a sama da 500,000.

Tasirin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dazuzzukan birane suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amfanar da yanayin muhalli na biranensu. Suna daidaita yanayin yankin, suna rage iska da ruwan sama, kuma suna tace iska da hasken rana. Suna da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen sanyaya tasirin zafi a tsibirin birane, wanda hakan zai iya rage yawan ranakun ozone marasa lafiya da ke addabar manyan birane a lokacin bazara.

Rage gurɓataccen iska

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yayin da birane ke fama da rashin bin ƙa'idodin ingancin iska, bishiyoyi na iya taimakawa wajen tsaftace iska. Mafi munin gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin yanayin birane sune ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfuric oxides (SOx) da gurɓataccen barbashi. Ozone mai matakin ƙasa, ko hayaki, ana ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar halayen sinadarai tsakanin NOx da mahaɗan halitta masu canzawa (VOCs) a gaban hasken rana. Zafin jiki mai yawa yana ƙara yawan wannan amsawar. Haɗarin ababen hawa (musamman dizal), da hayakin da ke fitowa daga wuraren masana'antu sune manyan hanyoyin NOx. Haɗarin ababen hawa, hayakin masana'antu, tururin mai, sinadarai masu narkewa, bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire sune manyan hanyoyin VOCs. Gurɓataccen barbashi, ko barbashi (PM10 da PM25), ya ƙunshi ƙananan daskararru ko ɗigon ruwa waɗanda za a iya shaƙa su a ajiye su a cikin kyallen huhu wanda ke haifar da matsalolin lafiya masu tsanani. Yawancin gurɓataccen barbashi yana farawa ne da hayaki ko dizal kuma yana iya haifar da haɗarin lafiya mai tsanani ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya da huhu da kuma ƙaiƙayi ga 'yan ƙasa masu lafiya. Bishiyoyi muhimmin mafita ne mai araha don rage gurɓatawa da inganta ingancin iska.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
  2. ↑ Elmqvist, T; Setälä, H; Handel, SN; van der Ploeg, S; Aronson, J; Blignaut, JN; Gómez-Baggethun, E; Nowak, DJ; Kronenberg, J; de Groot, R (2015-06-01). "Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Open Issue. 14: 101–108. Bibcode:2015COES...14..101E. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.05.001. ISSN 1877-3435. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  3. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
  4. ↑ Elmqvist, T; Setälä, H; Handel, SN; van der Ploeg, S; Aronson, J; Blignaut, JN; Gómez-Baggethun, E; Nowak, DJ; Kronenberg, J; de Groot, R (2015-06-01). "Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Open Issue. 14: 101–108. Bibcode:2015COES...14..101E. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.05.001. ISSN 1877-3435. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  5. ↑ no_reply@jhbcityparks.com. "Urban Forestry & Nurseries". www.jhbcityparksandzoo.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  6. ↑ Garfield, Leanna (26 March 2018). "These are the 19 cities with the most trees". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  7. 1 2 "Conservation units". Trilha Transcarioca official website (in Turanci and Harshen Potugis). Archived from the original on 2020-04-12.
  8. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
  9. ↑ Elmqvist, T; Setälä, H; Handel, SN; van der Ploeg, S; Aronson, J; Blignaut, JN; Gómez-Baggethun, E; Nowak, DJ; Kronenberg, J; de Groot, R (2015-06-01). "Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Open Issue. 14: 101–108. Bibcode:2015COES...14..101E. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.05.001. ISSN 1877-3435. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  10. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
  11. ↑ Elmqvist, T; Setälä, H; Handel, SN; van der Ploeg, S; Aronson, J; Blignaut, JN; Gómez-Baggethun, E; Nowak, DJ; Kronenberg, J; de Groot, R (2015-06-01). "Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Open Issue. 14: 101–108. Bibcode:2015COES...14..101E. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.05.001. ISSN 1877-3435. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  12. ↑ no_reply@jhbcityparks.com. "Urban Forestry & Nurseries". www.jhbcityparksandzoo.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  13. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
  14. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
  15. ↑ Elmqvist, T; Setälä, H; Handel, SN; van der Ploeg, S; Aronson, J; Blignaut, JN; Gómez-Baggethun, E; Nowak, DJ; Kronenberg, J; de Groot, R (2015-06-01). "Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Open Issue. 14: 101–108. Bibcode:2015COES...14..101E. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.05.001. ISSN 1877-3435. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  16. ↑ Nowak, David J.; Randler, Paula B.; Greenfield, Eric J.; Comas, Sara J.; Carr, Mary A.; Alig, Ralph J. (2010). "Sustaining America's urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report". Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 27 P. (in Turanci). 62. doi:10.2737/NRS-GTR-62.
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