Dakhla, Yammacin Sahara

Dakhla, Yammacin Sahara
الداخلة (ar)
Wuri
23°43′00″N 15°57′00″W
Territory claimed by (en)	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (en) da Maroko
Constitutional monarchy (en)	Maroko
Region of Morocco (en)	Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab (en)
Province of Morocco (en)	Oued Ed-Dahab Province (en)
Babban birnin	Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab (en) Oued Ed-Dahab Province (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	165,463 (2024)
Home (en)	45,401 (2024)
Labarin ƙasa
Bangare na	Yammacin Sahara
Altitude (en)	10 m
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1884
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	73000
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	dakhla.ma

Dakhla ( Arabic ,  ; an kafa shi a matsayin Villa Cisneros ) birni ne a yankin Yammacin Sahara da ake takaddama a kai, kuma Morocco ta mamaye shi tun 1976. Ita ce babban birnin yankin da ake ikirarin mallakar Morocco na Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab . Tana da yawan jama'a 161,723 kuma tana kan wani yanki mai kunkuntar gabar tekun Atlantika, yankin Río de Oro, kimanin 550 km (340 mi) kudu da Laayoune .

Tarihi

Masallaci a Dakhla

Tarihin farko

An zauna a Rio de Oro a ƙarni na sha biyu ta hannun Oulad Delim, wata ƙabilar Larabawa ' yan asalin Kudancin Larabawa waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Yemen . Mazauna Spain sun faɗaɗa Dakhla a lokacin faɗaɗa daularsu . Sha'awar Sifaniya a gabar hamada ta Sahara ta Yammacin Afirka ta taso ne sakamakon kamun kifi da masunta Sifaniya ke yi daga Tsibirin Canary da ke kusa da su da kuma sakamakon barazanar 'yan fashin teku na Barbary .

Masuntan Sipaniya sun kasance masu farautar gashin tsuntsaye, 'yan kasuwa, da masu kiwon kifi a bakin tekun Sahara daga Dakhla zuwa Cabo Blanco daga 1500 zuwa yanzu, suna yin kifin kifi ga manyan kifayen Humpback da 'yan maruƙansu, galibi a kusa da Cape Verde, da kuma Tekun Guinea a tsibiran Annobón, São Tomé da Príncipe har zuwa 1940. Waɗannan ayyukan kamun kifi sun yi mummunan tasiri ga namun daji, wanda ya haifar da ɓacewa ko kuma sanya haɗari ga nau'ikan halittu da yawa, musamman dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsayen ruwa.

Mulkin mallaka na Sipaniya

Mutanen Spain sun kafa tashoshin kamun kifi tare da wasu kamun kifi da cinikin kifi. A shekara ta 1881, an sanya tashar jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun yankin Río de Oro don tallafawa aikin rundunar kamun kifi ta Canarian. Duk da haka, sai a shekarar 1884 ne Spain ta kafa wurin shayarwa a hukumance a matsayin Villa Cisneros, a cikin matsugunin da Papal bull ya kafa a shekarar 1502. An haɗa shi cikin yankunan da aka bai wa Sifaniyawa a gabashin tsibiran Azores . Da suka isa Rio de Oro a shekarar 1884 don kafa masana'antunsu na farko a bakin teku, an tilasta wa Sifaniyawa su yi hulɗa da Oulad Delim, wata ƙabilar Larabawa ta Sahrawi wadda ke iko da dukkan Rio de Oro da wani yanki a Mauritania wanda ya tashi daga Nouadhibou zuwa Idjlil. A shekarar 1884, ƙungiyar masu rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Sifaniya ta tallata matsugunin Villa Cisneros kuma gwamnatin Canovas del Castillo ta ba da kuɗaɗen gina matsugunin. A wannan shekarar, Oulad Delim ta kai hari kan wurin ciniki ta kuma wawure shagunanta kafin Sifaniyawa ta fitar da wata doka ta sarauta wadda ta sanya bakin tekun daga Cape Bojador zuwa Cape Blanc a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Sifaniya. A shekarar 1886, an faɗaɗa ikon mulkin mallaka na Spain zuwa mil 150 a cikin ƙasar. Mutanen Spain sun cimma yarjejeniya da wani shehin garin Oulad Delim shekaru biyu bayan haka.

Matsugunin wucin gadi na Mutanen Espanya na farko a cikin yankin Río de Oro yayin ayyukan binciken da Emilio Bonelli ya jagoranta (an buga shi a cikin Janairu 1885 a La Ilustración Española y Americana ).

Sojojin Spain, tare da ɗan Afirka na Spain Emilio Bonelli, sun mallaki gabar tekun tsakanin Cape Bojador da Cabo Blanco don Spain, inda suka kafa matsugunan guda uku a gabar tekun Sahara: ɗaya a Villa Cisneros, an sanya masa suna don girmama Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros (1436-1517), ɗan Spain mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, Firayim Minista, Regent da kuma shugaban coci wanda shine Babban Mai Binciken Tambayoyi a lokacin Inquisition na Spain ; da kuma wani a Cabo Blanco don farautar hatimi, wanda aka ba shi suna Medina Gatell; da kuma wani a Angra de Cintra mai suna Puerto Badia, don girmama Balarabe kuma ɗan kasada Domingo Badia . Bonelli ya sa mazauna yankin de Río de Oro su sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ta sanya su ƙarƙashin "kariyar" Masarautar Spain . Saboda kasancewar sabbin matsugunan guda uku, a watan Disamba na shekarar 1884, Gwamnatin Spain ta sanar da manyan kasashen mulkin mallaka da suka taru a taron Berlin a hukumance cewa Masarautar Spain ce ke da ikon mallakar yankin da ke tsakanin Cape Bojador da Cape Blanco.

A lokacin mulkin mallaka, hukumomin Spain sun sanya Dakhla, wanda a lokacin ake kira Villa Cisneros, babban birnin lardin Río de Oro, ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu na abin da aka sani da Spanish Sahara . Hukumomin sun gina sansanin soja kuma ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar shiga jirgin saman Toulouse-Dakar a shekarun 1920. Tashar hanyar Cisneros ta kasance a cikin littafin Antoine de Saint-Exupery mai suna Courier Sud. Mutanen Spain sun kuma gina cocin Katolika na zamani a can. Akwai sansanin kurkuku a sansanin a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain inda aka tsare marubuta kamar Pedro García Cabrera .