Dakin Karatu na Ashurbanipal
 Dakin Karatu na Ashurbanipal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
library (en)  , collection (en) da mineral library (en) | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Suna saboda | Ashurbanipal | |||
| Ƙasa | Irak | |||
| Language used (en) |
Akkadian (en) | |||
| Lokacin farawa | 7 century "BCE" | |||
| Collection (en) |
British Museum (en) | |||
| Mai ganowa ko mai ƙirƙira |
Austen Henry Layard (mul) da Hormuzd Rassam (en) | |||
| Time of discovery or invention (en) | 1849 da 1852 | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Historical country (en) | Kingdom of Iraq (en) | |||
| Governorate of Iraq (en) | Nineveh Governorate (en) | |||
| Birni | Mosul (en) | |||
| Ancient city (en) | Nineveh (en) | |||
Laburaren sarauta na Ashurbanipal, mai suna Ashurbanipal, babban sarki na ƙarshe na Daular Assuriya, tarin allunan yumbu fiye da 30,000 ne da gutsuttsura da ke ɗauke da rubutu iri-iri tun daga ƙarni na 7 KZ, gami da nassosi a cikin harsuna daban-daban. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka mallaka akwai shahararren Epic na Gilgamesh.[1] Laburaren Ashurbanipal yana ba wa masana tarihi na zamani bayanai game da mutanen tsohuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Outline of History, H. G. Wells ya kira ɗakin karatu "mafi daraja tushen kayan tarihi a duniya."
An gano kayan a wurin binciken kayan tarihi na Kouyunjik (tsohuwar Nineba, babban birnin Assuriya) a arewacin Mesopotamiya. Wurin yana a arewacin Iraki na zamani, a cikin birnin Mosul.[2][3]
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Laburare wani binciken kayan tarihi ne da aka ba Austen Henry Layard; An kai yawancin allunan zuwa Ingila kuma yanzu ana iya samun su a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya, amma an fara gano farkon a ƙarshen 1849 a cikin abin da ake kira Fadar Kudu-Yamma, wadda ita ce Fadar Sarki Sennacherib (705-681 KZ).
Bayan shekaru uku, Hormuzd Rassam, mataimaki na Layard, ya gano irin wannan ɗakin karatu a cikin fadar Sarki Ashurbanipal (668-627 KZ), a gefe guda na tudun. Abin baƙin cikin shine, ba a yi rikodin binciken ba, kuma jim kaɗan bayan isa Turai, allunan sun bayyana cewa an haɗa su da juna ba tare da gyarawa ba tare da allunan da suka samo asali daga wasu shafuka. Don haka, yana da wuya a yau a sake gina ainihin abin da ke cikin kowane ɗayan manyan ɗakunan karatu guda biyu[4]
Abubuwan da ke ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An san Ashurbanipal a matsayin babban kwamandan sojoji; duk da haka, shi ma sanannen haziƙi ne wanda ya iya karatu, kuma ƙwararren mai tattara rubutu da alluna[5]. A cikin tattara nassosi don ɗakin karatu nasa, ya rubuta wa birane da cibiyoyin ilimi a Mesofotamiya, yana umurce su da su aika masa da kwafin duk wani aiki da aka rubuta a yankin[6] A matsayinsa na koyan marubuci ya kware duka harsunan Akkadian da Sumerian[7]. Ya aika da malaman Attaura zuwa kowane yanki na Daular Neo-Assyrian don tattara tsoffin litattafai. Ya dauki hayar malamai da marubuta don kwafin nassosi, musamman daga tushen Babila.[8][9]
Aikin Dakin Karatu na Ashurbanipal
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An ƙirƙira tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Mosul kuma ƙungiyar Townley ta ba da kuɗi, Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya yana tattara kundin tarihin kayan tarihi daga ɗakin karatu na Ashurbanipal tun daga 2002. Manufar ita ce rubuta ɗakin karatu daki-daki kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin rubutu da hotuna ciki har da fassarar alamomi, kwafi da aka zana, fassarorin, da hotuna na dijital masu inganci[10].
An gudanar da aikin a matakai uku tare da sakamakon da aka buga a cikin 2003, 2004, da 2014. Dr. Jeanette C. Fincke ya yi nazarin nazarin ilimin gabas na da, Hittitology, da kuma Egiptology a Jami'ar Hamburg kuma yana da hannu sosai a cikin matakai biyu na farko. A lokacin mataki na farko, Fincke ya tattara jerin madaidaitan allunan laburare 3500 a cikin rubutun Babila.[11]A lokacin mataki na biyu, Fincke ya kuma tattara matani da yawa na taurari daga Nineba. An kammala mataki na uku tare da taimakon farfesa Riekel Borger, wanda ya mutu a tsakiyar kasida a watan Disamba 2010, kuma ya kammala tare da taimakon Andrew Mellon Foundation daga 2009 zuwa 2013 karkashin jagorancin Jon Taylor. A lokacin wannan mataki na ƙarshe, ɗakin karatu ya samar da manyan hotuna na dijital na duk teburan ɗakin karatu. Ana ƙirƙira kowane hoto ta amfani da hotuna 14 waɗanda ke ba da damar wakilci mai girma biyu na allunan mai girma uku. An fitar da hotunan akan gidan yanar gizon Initiative na Cuneiform Digital Library da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya na kan layi.[12]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ [2]Murray, Stuart A.P. (2009) The Library: An Illustrated History. Chicago, IL: Skyhorse Publishing (p. 9)
- ↑ [5]Menant, Joachim: "La bibliothèque du palais de Ninive" 1880, Paris: E. Leroux
- ↑ [4]Polastron, Lucien X.: "Books On Fire: The Tumultuous Story Of The World's Great Libraries" 2007, pp. 2–3, Thames & Hudson Ltd, London
- ↑ [6]"Hormuzd Rassam | Middle East Archaeologist, British Museum Curator, Discoverer of Ancient Tablets | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
- ↑ [7]Roaf, M. (1990). Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File.
- ↑ [8]"Ashurbanipal". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
- ↑ [7]Roaf, M. (1990). Cultural atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File.
- ↑ [5]Menant, Joachim: "La bibliothèque du palais de Ninive" 1880, Paris: E. Leroux
- ↑ [4]Polastron, Lucien X.: "Books On Fire: The Tumultuous Story Of The World's Great Libraries" 2007, pp. 2–3, Thames & Hudson Ltd, London
- ↑ [20]Taylor, Jonathan (2022). "About the project". ORACC. Retrieved January 22, 2025.
- ↑ [21]Taylor, Jon (2021). "The Ashurbanipal Library Project at the British Museum". Law and (Dis)Order in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of the 59th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Held at Ghent, Belgium, 15–19 July 2013. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. pp. 291–296. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1g80975.27. ISBN 978-1-64602-120-8. JSTOR 10.5325/j.ctv1g80975.27. S2CID 233960691. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ↑ [21]Taylor, Jon (2021). "The Ashurbanipal Library Project at the British Museum". Law and (Dis)Order in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of the 59th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Held at Ghent, Belgium, 15–19 July 2013. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. pp. 291–296. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1g80975.27. ISBN 978-1-64602-120-8. JSTOR 10.5325/j.ctv1g80975.27. S2CID 233960691. Retrieved 2021-04-26.