Dakin Karatu na Congres
Laburare na Congress (LOC) ɗakin karatu ne na bincike a Washington, D.C., yana aiki a matsayin ɗakin karatu da sabis na bincike na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka da kuma ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na Amurka.[1][2] Hakanan tana gudanar da dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta Ofishin Haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka.An kafa shi a cikin 1800, Library of Congress shine mafi tsufa cibiyar al'adun tarayya a Amurka.[3]An gina shi a cikin gine-gine guda uku a kan Capitol Hill, kusa da Capitol na Amurka, tare da Cibiyar Kula da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin da ke Culpeper, Virginia, da ƙarin wuraren ajiya a Fort George G. Meade da Cabin Branch a Hyattsville, Maryland.[4] Ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na Majalisa ne ke kula da ayyukan ɗakin karatu, kuma maginin Capitol ne ke kula da gine-ginensa. LOC shine ɗayan manyan ɗakunan karatu a duniya, [5] [6] yana ɗauke da kusan abubuwa miliyan 173 kuma yana ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da 3,000. Tarinsa "na duniya ne, ba'a iyakance ta hanyar batu, tsari, ko iyakokin ƙasa ba, kuma sun haɗa da kayan bincike daga sassa na duniya da fiye da harsuna 470".[7]
Lokacin da Majalisa ta koma Washington a watan Nuwamba 1800, an ajiye ƙaramin ɗakin karatu na majalisa a cikin Capitol. Yawancin tarin asali sun ɓace a cikin Agusta 1814 Burning na Washington da Burtaniya ta yi a lokacin Yaƙin 1812. Majalisa ta amince da tayin tsohon shugaban Thomas Jefferson na sayar da dukan tarin littattafansa na 6,487 don maido da ɗakin karatu. Tarin ya girma a hankali kuma ya sami wata babbar wuta a 1851, wanda ya lalata kashi biyu bisa uku na ainihin littattafan Jefferson.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]James Madison na Virginia ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar ɗakin karatu na majalisa a shekara ta 1783. Ko da yake an ƙi da farko, wannan shine farkon gabatarwar ra'ayi. Bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali, Kamfanin Laburare na Philadelphia da Laburaren Jama'a na New York sun yi aiki a matsayin ɗakunan karatu na majalisa lokacin da Majalisa ke cikin waɗannan biranen.[8] An kafa Library of Congress a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 1800, lokacin da Shugaba John Adams ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka ta Majalisa wanda ya hada da $ 5,000 "don siyan irin waɗannan littattafan da za su iya zama dole don amfani da Majalisa ... da kuma dacewa da ɗakin da ya dace don kunshe da su."
Shugaba Thomas Jefferson ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara Library of Congress. Ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1802, ya sanya hannu kan wata doka da ta ba wa shugaban kasa damar nada ma'aikacin laburare na Majalisa da kafa Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa akan Laburare don kula da shi. Dokar ta kuma ba da dama ga shugaban kasa da mataimakin shugaban kasa.[9][10]
Tsari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Baya ga ayyukan laburarenta, ɗakin karatu na Majalisa yana ƙwazo a cikin daidaitattun ayyuka daban-daban a cikin fagage masu alaƙa da ƙa'idodi na bibliographical da bincike da kuma dawo da su. Wuraren aiki sun haɗa da ma'auni na MARC, Metadata Encoding da Standard Transmission (METS), Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), Z39.50 da Nema/Mayar da Sabis na Yanar Gizo (SRW), da Bincike/Mayar da ta URL (SRU).[98] The Law Library of Congress "yana neman ƙarin ilimin shari'a ta hanyar ba da dama ga malamai da masu aiki don gudanar da bincike mai mahimmanci na shari'a. Ana gayyatar mutane don neman ayyukan da za su ci gaba da ayyuka masu yawa na ɗakin karatu na doka a hidimar Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, sauran hukumomin gwamnati, da jama'a. "[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Library of Congress". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ↑ [3]"Library of Congress". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ↑ [4]"Fascinating Facts". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
- ↑ [5]"General Information". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
- ↑ [3]"Library of Congress". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ↑ [6]"Fascinating Facts – Statistics". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ↑ [4]"Fascinating Facts". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
- ↑ [9]Murray, Stuart. The Library: An Illustrated History (New York, Skyhouse Publishing, 2012): 155.
- ↑ [13]Murray, Stuart P. (2009). The library: an illustrated history. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub. pp. 158. ISBN 9781602397064.
- ↑ [10]2 Stat. 55
- ↑ [99]"Opportunities". Law Library of Congress. loc.gov.